• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 2층 누수대수층-하천 시스템에 관한 Hunt (2009)의 해석해를 이용하여 천부대수층 지하수 양수가 하천수량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대수층 및 하상의 수리특성 조건에 따라 총 2,187가지 경우의 수에 대해서 양수량 대비 하천수 감소량을 산정한 결과 하천고갈인자가 1,000-10,000 보다 큰 경우에 비교적 작은 값을 나타내었으며, 하천바닥층 수리전도도보다는 1, 2층간 반대수층의 수리전도도 크기에 상대적으로 민감한 반응을 보였다. 또한, Hunt (1999)의 해석해로 산정한 하천수 감소비에 비해 최대 0.3을 넘는 차이가 발생하는 등 1층의 하천고갈인자가 큰 경우에는 2층의 수리특성치에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 실제로 충주시에 위치한 임의의 천부지하수 관정에 적용하여 양수 경과시간에 따른 하천수 감소비를 산정한 결과 수일 내로 0.8을 초과하여 하천수에 미치는 영향이 단기간에 크게 발생하였으며, 또한 누수계수가 작고 천부대수층의 수리확산계수가 큰 지역에서는 하천-관정 이격거리가 하천수 감소량 크기를 결정하는데 지배적인 인자인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.99-102
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• 2003

Shallow groundwater systems are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination and are characterized by a variety of redox condition. The redox state is a key parameter to control the nitrate contamination which is related to nitrification or denitrification processes. In relation to the control of nitrate problem, it is very important to understand the source, transport and fate of nitrogen compounds in a groundwater system. (omitted)

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.630-646
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• 2020

농촌지역에서는 농업활동의 영향에 의한 질산성질소 오염이 천부지하수를 생활용수나 먹는물로 사용하는데 큰 장애요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 충남 예산군 효교리 농업지역의 천부지하수의 수질특성을 토지용도 및 토양층의 화학성분과 연계하여 고찰하였다. 지하수의 NO3-N 평균 농도는 생활용수와 농업용수 수질 기준을 초과하며, 이는 비료, 축산폐수, 생활하수 등의 인위적인 오염원으로부터 유래하는 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역 지하수 수질형은 주로 Ca(Na)-Cl형에 속하는 것으로 나타나며, 일반적인 천부지하수의 수질형인 Ca-HCO3형과는 다르다. 논 및 기타(상류, 목장, 주거)지역과 밭 지역으로 구분하여 지하수의 NO3-N 농도를 비교한 결과, 밭 지역의 NO3-N의 평균 농도는 22.8 mg L-1 이고, 논 및 기타 지역의 NO3-N 평균 농도는 7.7 mg L-1로서 밭 지역의 NO3-N의 평균 농도가 높게 나타난다. 이는 논지역이 낮은 투수성을 가지고, 밭지역은 높은 투수성을 가지기 때문이다. Mann-Kendall 검정과 Sen 검정에 의한 경향성 분석에 의하면, NO3-N 농도는 매년 0.011 mg/L 정도로 매우 약한 감소 추세를 보여주고 있으며, 이는 현재 지하수내 NO3-N 농도가 거의 평형상태에 있음을 지시한다. 한편 SO42- 농도는 매년 -15.48% 씩 감소하며, HCO3- 농도는 매년 -13.75% 씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 입도분석에 의한 수리전도도는 지표하 5m까지의 심도에서 평균 1.86×10-5 cm s-1을 보이며, 모래층에서는 1.03×10-4 cm s-1을 그리고 실트층에서는 2.50×10-8 cm s-1을 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.152-154
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• 2005

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2004

Urban groundwater has a unique hydrologic system because of the complex surface and subsurface infrastructures such as deep foundation of many high buildings, subway systems, and sewers and public water supply systems. It generally has been considered that increased surface impermeability reduces the amount of groundwater recharge. On the other hand, leaks from sewers and public water supply systems may generate the large amounts of recharges. All of these urban facilities also may change the groundwater quality by the recharge of a myriad of contaminants. This study was performed to determine the factors controlling the recharge of deep groundwater in an urban area, based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics. The term ‘contamination’ in this study means any kind of inflow of shallow groundwater regardless of clean or contaminated. For this study, urban groundwater samples were collected from a total of 310 preexisting wells with the depth over 100 m. Random sampling method was used to select the wells for this study. Major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg and Mn were analyzed by ICP-AES, and Cl, N $O_3$, N $H_4$, F, Br, S $O_4$and P $O_4$ were analyzed by IC. There are two groups of groundwater, based on hydrochemical characteristics. The first group is distributed broadly from Ca-HC $O_3$ type to Ca-C1+N $O_3$ type; the other group is the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type. The latter group is considered to represent the baseline quality of deep groundwater in the study area. Using the major ions data for the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type water, we evaluated the extent of groundwater contamination, assuming that if subtract the baseline composition from acquired data for a specific water, the remaining concentrations may indicate the degree of contamination. The remainder of each solute for each sample was simply averaged. The results showed that both Ca and HC $O_3$ represent the typical solutes which are quite enriched in urban groundwater. In particular, the P$CO_2$ values calculated using PHREEQC (version 2.8) showed a correlation with the concentrations of maior inorganic components (Na, Mg, Ca, N $O_3$, S $O_4$, etc.). The p$CO_2$ values for the first group waters widely ranged between about 10$^{-3.0}$ atm to 10$^{-1.0}$ atm and differed from those of the background water samples belonging to the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type (<10$^{-3.5}$ atm). Considering that the p$CO_2$ of soil water (near 10$^{-1.5}$ atm), this indicates that inflow of shallow water is very significant in deep groundwaters in the study area. Furthermore, the P$CO_2$ values can be used as an effective parameter to estimate the relative recharge of shallow water and thus the contamination susceptibility. The results of our present study suggest that down to considerable depth, urban groundwater in crystalline aquifer may be considerably affected by the recharge of shallow water (and pollutants) from an adjacent area. We also suggest that for such evaluation, careful examination of systematically collected hydrochemical data is requisite as an effective tool, in addition to hydrologic and hydrogeologic interpretation.ion.ion.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.232-236
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• 2000

Multi-regression statistical analyses were applied for the water quality data of shallow alluvial ground water (n = 47) collected from the Youngdeok area, in order to quantitatively generalize the natural (non-anthropogenic) causes of regional water quality variation. Seven samples having the high contamination index ( $C_{a}$ > 3) reflect the striong effects by anthropogenic activity. Most of the alluvial groundwaters have acquired their quality primarily due to the dissolution of carbonate minerals. The results of multi-regression analysis show that chlorine is mainly derived from seawater effect. Sulfur isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfur and the S $O_4$/Cl ratio also enable us to discriminate the samples (n = 18) which are affected by atmospheric input of marine aerosol (sea-spray) and also by mixing between freshwater and seawater. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data of the samples collected lie close to the local meteoric water line obtained from nearby Pohang city but has lower slope (5.45) on the $\delta$D-$^{18}$ O plot, indicating that alluvial groundwater was recharged from infiltrated meteoric water which has undergone some degree of kinetic evaporation. The estimated initial isotopic composition of the recharged water ($\delta$D = -74.8$^{0}$ /$_{00}$, $\delta$$^{18}$ O = -10.8$^{[-1000]}$ /$_{[-1000]}$ ) suggests that the alluvial ground water recharge largely occurs during summer storm events.s.s.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.303-306
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• 2006

Using a variety of chemical geothermometers we estimate the temperature of a deep geothermal reservoir in relation to thermal groundwater in the Bugok area, southern Korea, in order to assess the potential use of geothermal energy in South Korea. Thermal water at Bugok has been exploited down to about 400 m below the land surface and shows the highest outflow temperatures (up to $78{\circ}C$) in South Korea. Based on the hydrochemical data and occurrence, groundwater in Bugok can be classified into three groups: $Na-SO_4$ type thermal groundwater (CTGW) occurring in the central part (about 0.24 $km^2$) $Ca-HCO_3$ type cold groundwater (SCGW) occurring in shallow peripheral parts of CTGW; and the intermediate type groundwater (STGW). CTGW waters are typical of thermal water in the area, because they have the highest outflow temperatures and contain very high concentrations of Na, K and $SiO_2$ due to the sufficient reaction with silicate minerals in deep reservoir. Their enriched $SO_4$ was likely formed by gypsum dissolution. The major ion composition of CTGW shows the general approach to a partial equilibrium state with rocks at depth. The application of various alkali ion geothermometers yields temperature estimates in the range of 88 to $198{\circ}C$ for the thermal reservoir. Multiple mineral equilibrium calculation indicates asimilar but narrower temperature range between about 100 and $155{\circ}C$. These temperature estimates are not significantly higher than the measured outflow temperatures for CTGW Considering the heat loss during the ascent- of thermal waters, this fact may suggest that a thermal reservoir in the study area is likely located at relatively shallow depths (possibly close to the depth of preexisting wells). Therefore, we suggest a high potential for geothermal energy development around the Bugok area in southern Korea.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2003

지하수 의존도가 큰 농촌지역에서 주로 사용하는 천부지하수는 오염에 민감하므로, 인간활동에 의한 질산성 질소 오염이 생활용수 공급에 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 농경활동과 함께 다양한 규모의 축사가 운영되고 있는 경기도 일죽지역 천부지하수에 대한 질산염 연구결과, 인위적 오염물질 유입이 예상되는 지점이 77%, 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하는 지점이 32～42%로 나타났다. 질소동위원소 분석 결과, 인위적 오염물질 유입이 예상되는 지점은 모두 $\delta^{15}$N-$NO_3$가 5$\textperthousand$ 이상으로 나타났으며, 59%지점이 동물분뇨에서 유래된 질소의 영향을 강하게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구지역 천부지하수의 질산성 질소 주 오염 원인은 밀집된 축사로 밝혀졌으며, 운영이 종료된 축사라도 오랫동안 지하수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 축종에 따라 오염원의 화학적 특성이 다른데, 지표수게는 그 영향이 나타나지만, 지하로 유입되는 동안 반응에 의하여 일부 용질이 제거되므로 지하수에서는 오염원 차이에 의한 영향이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.479-483
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• 2001

This Study was carried out to know the soil properties and the quality of shallow groundwater in the plastic film house fields around mid-Korea. This study was conducted at 11 sites in Suweon, Pyungtaek, Yongin, and Chunchen on May, June, July and August in 1999. The the average concentration of nitrate-nitrogen was 19.1 mg/L, it reached almost to the limiting level, 20 mg/L. Moreover about 36.4% of survey sites exceeded limiting level to agricultural groundwater quality. And Sulfur concentrations also at some sites exceeded to agricultural groundwater quality limit level (50 mg/L), which could make damage to the crop. Nitrate-nitrogen, which is one of the most important factors in the groundwater quality, It has highly positive correlation with any other ion in groundwater. This result showed that groundwater quality management practices should be taken for the agricultural production as well as for environment at the plastic film house areas.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.690-694
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• 2003

Groundwater preferentially flows through sediment layers with high permeability such as colluvium. Its flow paths are called groundwater vein streams. An underground temperature survey is a method to locate vein streams by underground temperature anomalies associated with flowing groundwater. A groundwater flow system near an irrigation reservoir located in the upper part of a landslide block was surveyed with this method. After a geomembrane lining was installed in the reservoir, the total cross-sectional area of the vein streams in the aquifer decreased to as little as 0.35 times that before installation of the liner. A change in groundwater quality also indicated that the mixing of groundwater with leaked water from the reservoir stopped after installation of the lining.