• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 1997

Autographa californica 핵다각체병 바이러스(AcNPV)의 다각체 단백질과 Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) cryIA(c) 내독소 단백질의 융합단백질을 생산하는 새로운 재조합 바이러스를 제작하고, 곤충세포주(Spodoptera frugiperda 9)에서 발현된 융합단백질의 특성을 분석하였다. Bt kurstaki HD-73의 cryIA(c) 내독소 단백질 유전자의 N-발단 AcNPV의 완전한 다각체 단백질 유전자의 앞쪽에 융합함에 의하여 또는 다닥체 단백질 유전자내의 제한효소 HindII부위에 삽입함에 의하여 다각체 단백질 유전자의 프로모터 조절하에 도입하였다. 이렇게 작성된 재조합 바이러스를 각각 Btrusl 또는 BtrusII라고 명명하였다. BtrusI은 분명히 단일 전사체를 보임에도 92kDa의 융합 단백질과 다각체 단백질의 두 단백질을 생산하였다. 또한 Btrusl에 의해 만들어진 융합 단백질은 다각체를 형성하지 않았다. 한편, BtrusII에 의해 감염된 곤충세포주에서는 33kDa의 다각체 단백질은 보이지 않았고 단지 융합 단백질만 생산하였으나 다각체는 형성하지 않았다. 따라서 Btrusl에 의해 생산된 융합 단백질의 독성을 조사하기 위하여, Btrusl으로 감염된 곤충세포주를 2령 누에(Bombyx mori)에 접종한 결과 융합 단백질에 의한 독성이 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 다각체 단백질과 Bt cryIA(c) 내독소 단백질에 의한 융합 단백질이 독성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Cellular cyclic adenosine-3' 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) modulator is known as meiotic inhibitor and can delays spontaneous maturation in IVM experiment. Among many cAMP modulators, the role of Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on IVM isn't known. The purpose of this study is to improve the maturation of oocytes derived from follicles ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter through PACAP as meiotic inhibitor during pre-in vitro maturation (pre-IVM). First, we checked PACAP and its receptors in cumulus cells and, to establish the optimal phase and concentration of PACAP for pre-IVM, we conducted chromatin configuration assessments. As a result, the rate of GV (Germinal Vesicle) according to duration of pre-IVM was significantly decreased 12 h and 18 h after IVM (87.1 and 84.1%, respectively) compared to 0 h (99.4%). When COC was cultured for 18 h, the GV rate in the $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP treatment group (82.1%) was significantly higher than any other PACAP treatment groups (60.5, 64.1, 74.4 and 69.9 %, respectively). So, we divided into four groups as follows; MF (the conventional IVM group, obtained from follicle from 3 to 6 mm in diameter), SF (the conventional IVM group, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter), Pre-SF(-)PACAP (IVM group including 18 h pre-IVM without $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter) and Pre-SF(+)PACAP (IVM group including 18 h pre-IVM with $1{\mu}M$ of PACAP, obtained from follicle ${\leq}3mm$ in diameter). To examine the effect of PACAP during pre-IVM, we investigated analysis of nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In cumulus cells, PACAP receptors, ADCYAP1R1 and VIPR1 were detected but were not detected in oocytes. After IVM, the Pre-SF(+)PACAP had the highest Metaphase II rate (91.7%) among all groups (P<0.05). The GSH levels in the MF and Pre-SF(+)PACAP were significantly higher than in the other groups (P<0.05) and ROS levels was no significant difference among all groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that even though the oocytes were derived from SF, pre-IVM application of PACAP improved meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation by regulating intracellular oxidative stress.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-265
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• 1998

To determine the sequence and expression of the VP7 gene of Korean isolates (CAU-9), viral RNA was purified and used for cDNA amplification by RT-PCR. The VP7 cDNA was cloned, sequenced, and expressed using baculovirus expression system. The result showed that the sequence homologies CAU-9 compared with foreign isolated strains Wa, 417, TMC-II, 95B and SA11 were ranged from 74.0% to 95.1 % of nucleotide sequence and 35% to 43% of amino acid sequence, respectively. High homology of CAU-9 was observed in Japanease isolates 417 (nucleotide sequence homology was 95.1% and amino acid sequence homology was 43%). To express VP7 gene, the VP7 cDNA was cloned into pCR-Bac vector and inserted into the genome of baculovirus adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter by cotransfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with wild type baculovirus DNA. In antigenic analysis of Sf9 cells inoculated with the recombinant VP7, immunofluorescence assay revealed positive for viral antigens. In metabolic labeling of Sf9 cell lysates infected with recombinant baculoviruses, it was revealed that the protein of 34 kDa was expressed. The limited study of expressed VP7 protein inoculated with guinea pigs failed to elicit neutalizing antibody. As a results, the sequence analysis and expression of VP7 protein of rotavirus CAU-9 isolated from an infant in Korea could permit the conformation and development of virus like particles which may be useful in designing vaccine strategy.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.294-298
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• 1994

$CaCl_2$, glucose, frutose, glutamine, glutamate 그리고 Ii pids와 같은 배지 첨가물들이 회분식 그리고 연속식 2단계 생물반응기 시스템에셔 재조합 ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-gal) 생산을 증진시키는가를 조사하였다. Sf 21 세포에 AcNPV의 감염시 $CaCl_2$, frutose, glutamate, cholesterol 및 tocoph eral과 같은 배지 첨가물을 첨가하였을 때 ${\beta}$-gal 생산이 증진되었다. 30mM $CaCl_2$, 2.2mM frutose, 4.lmM glutamine, 그리고 O.34mM cholesterol이 보강된 감염 배 지를 이용한 재조합${\beta}$-gal 생산은 약 40% 의 증가를 보였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

FMOs (Flavin-containing monooxygenases, EC1.14.13.8)는 다양한 종류의 식품, 약물이나 기타 외래 유래물질 (xenobiotics)를 산화시키는 NADPH와 $O_2$ 의존성 약물대사효소이다. 현재까지 5종의 subfamily가 존재하는 것으로 보고되어 있으며 그 중 잘 알려진 FMO3는 대표적 인 subfamily로서 주로 간에 존재한다 사람FMO에 관한 연구는 최근 들어 활성화되기 시작했으며 질소, 황이나 인 등을 포함하는 친핵성 (nucleophilic) 화합물이 대표적인 기질로 보고되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 thiocarbamide를 포함하고 있는 화합물에 대한 사람의 FMO3의 기질 특이성을 알아보고자 하였다. 사람 FMO3를 baculovirus system을 이용하여 대량으로 발현시킨 후 그 microsomal FMO3를 분리하여 thiocholine assay를 시행하였다. 그 결과 methimazole, thiourea, and phenylthiourea는 낮은 $K_{m}$ (4-10$\mu$M)간을 갖는 반면, 이보다 기질의 크기가 큰 1 ,3-diphenylthiourea, 1, 3-bis (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiourea, 1, 1-dibenzyl-3-phenol-2-thiourea에서는 효소활성이 나타나지 않았다. 이는 사람 fM01과 비교하여 볼 때 큰 차이는 없었으며, 다른 pig, guinea pig, rat, rabbit에서 보다 받아들일 수 있는 기질의 크기가 더 제한적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2007

Insect cell lines and the control of infection for obtaining the maximum amount of polyhedrin-Cry1Ac-polyhedrin fusion protein from Bactrus in monolayer and suspension culture systems were tested. Growth rates of the Trichoplusia ni(High-Five) cell line in both culture systems were better than the other insect cell lines, Spodoptera frugiferda(Sf-9, Sf-21), Trichoplusia ni(Tn5), and Spodoptera exigua(Se301). The expression of the fusion protein in a monolayer culture showed that Se301 cells were 2.3-4.8 times more productive on a per cell basis than the other cell lines. However, in suspension culture, only High-Five cells were productive. High-Five cells infected with Bactrus at a multiplicity of infection(MOI) of 5 and a cell density of $3.0{\times}10^5$ cells per ml were more productive than the other infection condition in a suspension culture suitable for a large-scale production of baculovirus. In conclusion, for the large-scale production of Bactrus in vitro, High-Five cells showing good growth and high productivity are suitable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1992

Post-translational modifications of the nucleocapsid protein of bovine coronavirus (Quebec strain) were investigated. Coronavirions were radiolabelled in vivo with inorganic $[^{32}P]$orthophosphate and analysed by SDS-PAGE, followed by autoradiography. A single polypeptide with a migration rate of 55 KDa was identified by metabolic phosphate labelling, demonstrating that the nucleocapsid protein of bovine coronavirus was a phosphoprotein. A gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein was inserted immediately downstream from the polyhedrin promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis baculovirus. Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with this recombinant baculovirus synthesized a 55 KDa polypeptide, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody. The recombinant nucleocapsid protein synthesized in Spodoptera cells could also be labelled by $[^{32}P]$orthophosphate. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that both serine and threonine residues were phosphorylated in authentic, as well as in recombinant nucleocapsid proteins, with a relative phosphorylation ratio of 7:3. Our studies demonstrated that the nucleocapsid protein of bovine coronavirus was a serine and threonine-phosphorylated protein and that Spodoptera insect cells were able to properly phosphorylate the relevant foreign proteins.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1996

Pseudorabies is caused by Pseudorabies virus (PRV: Aujeszky's disease virus) of Herpesviridae that is characterized by 100 to 150nm in size with a linear double-stranded DNA molecule with of approximately $90{\times}10^6Da$. This disease affects most of domestic animals such as swine, cattle, dog, sheep, cat, chicken, etc. causing high mortality and economic losses. In swine, young piglets show high mortality and pregnant sows, reproductive failures. However the adult swine reveals no clinical signs in general. But they become a carrier state and play an important role for propagation of the disease. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of major casid protein gene of PRV, Yangsan strain isolated from the diseased swine in Korea was analyzed, and the recombinant MCP was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. As result, in BamHI digestion, MCP gene locus of PRV YS strain showed different from that of Indiana S strain. The patterns of enzyme mapping were also found to be unidentical each other. The sequence of the MCP gene partially analyzed showed 98.09% identity to Indiana S strain. The expression of MCP in Sf-9 cell cotransfected by pVLMCP-44 baculovirus expression vector was characterized by Southern blot hybridization, immunofluoresent and immunocytochemical tests, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The rMCP with M.W. 142kDa was most effectively expressed in Sf-9 cells at the 3-4th days post inoculation of the recombinant baculovirus by 2 moi.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules. The importance of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs has been suggested by our previous study which has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is not known. To understand SAL1 function in the uterus during pregnancy, we generated recombinant porcine SAL1 protein in an insect cell line. Porcine SAL1 cDNA was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector using RT-PCR and total RNA from uterine endometrium on day 12 of pregnancy, and the expression vector was used to generate recombinant Bacmid containing the SAL1 gene. The recombinant Bacmid was then transfected Sf9 cell to produce recombinant baculovirus. By infecting Sf9 cell with recombinant baculovirus, we established a SAL1-expressing insect cell expression system. Immunoblot analysis confirmed SAL1 expression in the infected cells. Recombinant SAL1 produced by the Sf9 cell line will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

A muscle-specific lipase gene of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus was cloned and characterized. This gene, which we named Bi-Lipase, consists of seven exons encoding 317 amino acid residues. Bi-Lipase possesses all the features of lipases, including GXSXG consensus motif and Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad. Expressed as a 37-kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells, recombinant Bi-Lipase showed an optimal pH of 9.0 and exhibited its highest catalytic activity at $40^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, through the addition of tunicamycin to the recombinant virus-infected Sf9 cells, recombinant Bi-Lipase was found to be N-glycosylated. Northern and western blot analyses indicated that Bi-Lipase was expressed in the wing, thorax, and leg muscles. These results show that Bi-Lipase is a muscle-specific lipase, suggesting a possible role of Bi-Lipase in the utilization of lipids for muscular activity in B. ignitus.