• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2020

Background: The classification of foot type can be commonly determined by the height of the media longitudinal arch. The normalized arch height (NAH) is defined as the ratio of navicular or instep heights to the foot length or instep length. Objects: This study investigated the relationships among foot characteristics, such as foot length (FL), instep length (IL), navicular height (NH), and instep height (IH), in Korean young adults. Also, the distribution of foot type based on calculated NAH was assessed. Methods: Three-dimensional foot scanning data of young adults aged 20 to 39 years (total: 1,978; 974 male, 1,004 female) were obtained from the Korea Technology Standards Institute, and used for analyses. NAH was calculated as the following: NH/FL, IH/FL, IH/IL, NH/IL. Spearman's rank order correlation was used to identify correlations among variables. The Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test were used to compare the sex differences in foot characteristics and distribution of foot type. Results: FL and IL showed a very high correlation (r = 0.94). The correlations between FL or IL and IH (r = 0.50-0.57) were greater than those between FL or IL and NH (r = 0.23-0.72). Males had significantly larger values than females (p < 0.001), and the frequency of pes planus was significantly higher in females than in males (χ² = 50.09, p < 0.001). Based on the IH/IL index, the neutral foot, pes planus and pes cavus distributed by 16%, 78%, and 6% respectively. Conclusion: Our results on foot arch distribution could be used as basic data in clinical or footwear fields, and our data on differences in arch structure according to sex may facilitate understanding of why injury to the lower limbs differs between males and females.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.221-235
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• 2009

This study is made for the survey of the effectiveness of the auricular reflexology, now accepted as a part of alternative medicine, applied to the patients of musculoskeltal disease patients, and data about its cognition and the success rate of the therapy. 106 patient was employed in this study who works in various part in a company in Jun-ju in Junrabukdo. From them, data such as, musculoskeletal symptoms by questionnaire examination, and data from ear inspections and interviews were collected and used for the basal data. Auricular reflexology therapies were applied to them at the areas that reflect the musculoskeletal system, for five times, each time with intervals of three or four days. The data about the effectiveness were collected by questionnaire examination, including descriptive answers. The results are as follows; cognition to the auricular reflexology was 62.3%, and acceptance rate of this method was 81.1%. From this results, I think that this therapy can be easily acceptable. The success rates of this therapy were 32.1% after 1 time application, and 84.9% after 5 times applications. This result shows that auricular reflexology therapy has therapeutic effect in musculoskeletal diseases, and the success rates increase according to the application times. Between sex, its success rate were 80% in male patients, and 88.5% in female patients, so this therapy is rather more effective in female patients. According to the body weight, the success rate were 85.8% in normal weight patients, and 71.5% in over- weight patients, so this therapy is more effective in normal weight patients. Comparisons according to other factors, such as age, marriage state etc. shows no definite differences. Conclusively, I think that auricular reflex therapy is easy and useful preventative and treatment method in our usual life. With more investigation, we can apply this method to other musculoskeletal diseases and to the diseases of other systems in the body, I hope so.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Purpose : This study aims to provide fundamental information for increasing a physical therapist's empowerment and suggesting effective ways to incorporate humor into the physical therapist's organizations by investigating a level of perceived sense of humor and empowerment, as well as examining the relationship between them. Method : This study was conducted in the country's 9 general hospitals, 11 rehabilitation hospitals, 20 clinics. The data of general characteristics, sense of humor, and empowerment were collected from 1 August 2012 to 25 August 2012. A total of 300 clinical instructors were distributed and collected. The call response rate was 94.7%(n=284). The collected data were analyzed by spss/pc + 12.0 Result : 1. The mean score of the physical therapist's sense of humor was $56.53{\pm}05.58$ out of 84 and each of the sub-dimensions were scored in order of emotional expressiveness, liking of humor and metamessage sensitivity. 2. The mean score of the physical therapist's empowerment was $56.67{\pm}12.72$ out of 84 and each of the sub-dimensions scored in order of meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. 3. There was no significant difference between the sense of humor and the empowerment(r=0.093, p=0.118). 4. There were no significant difference in sense of humor. 5. There were significant differences in the levels of the empowerment by sex, marriage, workers satisfaction, age, attainment in scholarship, workplace, and duration of work. Conclusion : Although there was no significant difference between the sense of humor and the empowerment. the sub-dimension of human preference was significant.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to utilize the K-MBI (Korean Modified Barthel Index) and subscales of K-MBI in predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the discharge destinations for stroke patients. The study population consisted of 97 stroke patients (57 men and 40 women) admitted to the Seoul National University at the Bundang Hospital. All participants were assessed by K-MBI at admission and discharge after rehabilitation therapy and the information available was investigated at admission. The data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test, the stepwise multiple regression and the logistic regression. The median LOS was 30 days (mean, 32.8 days; range, 22 to 43 days). The K-MBI score at initiation of rehabilitation therapy (p<.001), the type of stroke and living habits before a stroke were the main explanatory indicators for LOS (p<.05). Within the parameters of K-MBI measured at initiation for rehabilitation, feeding and chair/bed transfer were the explanatory factors for LOS prediction (p<.01). Confidence in the prediction of LOS was 20%. Significant predictors of discharge destination in a logistic regression model were the discharge K-MBI score, sex and hemiplegic side. Dressing in items of discharge K-MBI was the significant predictor of discharge destination. The K-MBI score was the most important factor to predict LOS and discharge destination. Knowledge of these predictors can contribute to more appropriate treatment and discharge planning.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1889-1896
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• 2019

Background: Because of the lack of accurate values for applied forces in manual therapy, manual therapists relies on the magnitude of the individual's perception during applying the force. However, excessive loading maneuvers carry risks for patients. Objective: To establish the relationship between the maximal force applied to swine skin with the specific region, sex, and baseline parameters of the subject. Design: Ex-vivo Study and laboratory Experimental research Methods: 3.5 kg of Korean pork sirloin that is a piece of swine was handled and it was set 3 dimensions; #A; #B; #C. Forty-seven participants who has no experience in physical therapy randomly carried out the experiment, indicated to push each place of the pressure spots with same posture and process under supervision from the instructor who has over 15 years of manual therapy, and we measured the pressure force in each time. Results: The biggest pressure force was recorded in spot #A, and #B was represented after #C. Pressure on #A showed certain statistic relation with height (r=.317, p<.05) and weight (r=.434, p<.01); pressure on #B showed certain relation which has statistical meaning with only height (r=.401, p<.01); pressure on #C emerged to have statistic relationship with height (r=.308, p<.05)and weight (r=.428, p<.01). The age aspect revealed relation with pressure on #A, #B and #C, but that was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is the most loss of pressure in the area where cartilage is like an island in the middle.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2023

Objective: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are benign congenital lesions. The estimated prevalence is 10-18 per 100,000 individuals, with an incidence rate of 1.1-1.4 per 100,000 person-year; only 12% of AVMs present symptoms during life. It is important to study different characteristics associated with AVMs because these patients require multidisciplinary treatment. Methods: A descriptive, observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was carried out from January 15, 2016 to October 19, 2021. Convenience sampling was used on patients diagnosed with arteriovenous malformation. Sociodemographic data was obtained, such as: sex, age, site, predominant symptoms, clinical debut, type of malformation, data associated with post therapy evolution, type of embolizing agent used, associated complications, Rankin scale, and death. Results: Data from 535 procedures was collected, we calculated an incidence of 4.4 cases per million inhabitants. Ninety procedures in 56 patients that used endovascular therapy were obtained with a female-male ratio of 0.75 and an age distribution of 35±14 (SD). A 36.3±11.5 (SD) mm diameter was registered. There was a 33% success rate for endovascular surgery. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary treatment of AVMs is made up of three pillar techniques: microsurgical resection, embolization, and radio-neurosurgery. It is extremely important to make an appropriate decision, with an emphasis on achieving better functional outcomes for the patient. Although neurological endovascular therapy was initially used as an adjuvant treatment for neurosurgery and radio-neurosurgery, it has been used more and more frequently as the first line of treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 2005

Objective : Thyroid diseases are one of the most common endocrine disorders. However, the first chosen-treatments including anti-thyroidal and hormone-supplement therapy in western medicines, sometimes have failed to improve abnormal thyroid hormone secretions and clinical symptoms. Therefore, there has been a growing expectation for Oriental Medicine to take the role of alternative therapy. However, there has been little analysis of clinical characteristics. In this study, clinical characteristics of thyroidal disease patients who visited Kyung-Hee oriental hospital from January to July 2004 were analyzed. Methods : A total 86 patients diagnosed as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or thyroid nodule were selected. Clinical history, including sex, age, symptoms, disease duration and methods of previous therapy and thyroidal test, such as thyroid function test (TFT), thyroid scan and other thyroid examinations. Results : In distribution of onset age and sex, the patients who have visited oriental hospital with thyroidal diseases showed similar characteristics with typical patients. In clinical symptom, the most frequent clinical sign was fatigue in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differs from the classical characteristics of those diseases. Most patients complained the unresolved symptoms, some of which are attributable to abnormal thyroid hormone secretions, in spite of western therapy with anti-thyroidal and hormone supplement agents. Conclusions : In oriental therapy, it will be necessary to consider the unique clinical features of thyroidal diseases different from classical patterns, and this study suggests that oriental therapy is a good alternative method for patients whose first treatment with western agents failed. Furthermore, more public information to these patients about oriental medicine would be helpful to increase cure rates, and give various choices to patients with thyroid diseases.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to ascertain differences of the sensory system, central processing system, effector system, and balance ability according to general characteristics (sex, fall experience, and age), and to identify the contributions of the sensory, central processing, and effector system to balance ability in 83 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects were elderly (over 60 years) who live in Wonju City. All subjects participated in six tests (position sense test, visual acuity, vestibular stepping test, Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korea, strength of dorsiflexors, and Berg Balance Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the six tests according to sex showed that vestibular function was significantly better in women than in men. But visual acuity, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability were significantly better in men than in women (p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in position sense, visual acuity, vestibular function, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability between fallers and non-fallers (p>0.05). 3. However, the results of the six tests according to age (group A: 60-69 years, group B: 70-79 years, group C: 80-89 years) showed significant differences in five tests. In the Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, position sense, visual acuity, and cognitive function showed significantly different results between in group A and group C: the strength of the dorsiflexors was significantly different between in group A and group B, and balance ability was significantly different between in group A and group C, and between in group B and group C (p<0.05). 4. Cognitive function and position sense were positively associated with balance ability. Their power of explanation regarding balance ability was 38% (p<0.05). These results suggest that cognitive function and position sense play an important role in balance ability. This would seem to suggest that programs for evaluation or improvement of elderly's balance ability in the elderly should consider cognitive function and position sense.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is intended to evaluate the effectiveness and analyse the change on flexibility, muscular volume and pain of university students with low back pain by stabilization exercise using XCO. Methods: The subjects(N=23) with low back pain are recruited from K university located Chungbuck. The subjects which are divided to 2 group as experimental group(N=12) conducted the stabilization exercise using XCO and control group(N=11) conducted the general stabilization exercise. The flexibility, muscular volume and pain were measured before and after intervention. Results: There were no significant differences(p>.05) in sex, age, height and weight among subjects. Also there were no significant differences(p>.05) in muscular volume and pain between of the experimental group and control group. A significant difference(p<.05) in the flexibility, contraction EO(External Oblique), contraction IO(Internal Oblique), contraction TA(Transverse Abdominal) and pain in the experimental group. There was significant difference(p<.05) in the flexibility, contraction EO(External Oblique), contraction IO(Internal Oblique) and pain in the control group. There was a significant difference(p<.05) in the flexibility of the experimental group between the control group. Conclusion: Based on this study, through a variety of age and various intervention period to apply more subjects conducting Stabilization exercise using XCO should continue.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1998

Objectives: The response rate of the radioactive iodine(RI) therapy with low dose was variable. Only a few studies reported the response and complication rate with high dose. The goal of this study was to access the ablation and complication rate after high dose of RI therapy (more than 100mCi) and to evaluate the factors affect the results. Material and Methods: During a period of 12 years, 225 patients received high dose of RI from 100 to 200mCi depending on the RI uptake in the whole body after total thyroidectomy. 100mCi of RI was given to 123 patients for ablation who showed the uptake only in the thyroid bed. 150mCi was given to another 84 patients for ablation who had uptake confined to the neck. The other 21 patients took more than 200mCi of RI because the whole body scan showed distant metastasis. Among these patients, the ablation and the complication rate was investigated. Results: Elevated level of the serum thyroglobulin(Tg) decreased less than 5ng/ml after RI therapy in all patients except two in the first group. The second group showed reduction of the serum Tg in 93%. Eighteen of the 21 patients in the third group are still alive after RI therapy. There were no fatal complications after high dose RI therapy and most of the complications were minimal and transient. The complication rate was not related with the dose of RI, age, sex, DNA flowcytometry, serum thyroglobulin level and the extent of node dissection. Conclusion: We concluded that RI therapy with high dose was very effective for thyroid ablation after operation and it also showed excellent results with minimal complications for treatment of metastatic lesions.