• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2014

Over the past decade, an increasing number of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into products and manufacturing processes due to the rapid innovation and commercialization in the field of nanotechnology. In addition, these nanomaterials and nano-consumer products have increased in quantity per year, and thus their uncontrolled release into the environment is anticipated to grow dramatically in future. However, A current sewage/wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) is being applied to removal of nanoparticles in wastewater. In Korea, the study on the removal of nanoparticles in SWTP was not reported yet. Therefore, in this work, to design pilot STP before field test, two model equations and commercial process simulation were used to derive the desing parameters.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.387-394
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• 2000

Water pollution characteristics were investigated in the Kyongan stream and major inlet parts of Paltang Reservoir from April to July, 2000. Water quality in the Kyongan stream was extremly deteriorated by treated wastewater discharge at near sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) located in the upstream, and it is likely to influence eutrophication of the lower part of the stream. Water quality of the Kyongan stream showed a typical hypertrophic condition. Influxed concentrations with $NH_4$ and SRP into the main stream from SWTP were declined precipitously as water flowed toward the lower part of the stream, and chlorophyll- a explosively increased in the midstream. Average concentrations of $NH_4$, SRP and chlorophyll-a in the main stream were $1,343\;{\mu}g\;N/l$, $1,779\;{\mu}g\;P/l$ and $188\;{\mu}g\;l$, respectively. Particularly, phosphorus load was very high, and its influence on the algal growth stimulation was remarkable. In comparison with the water quality inflowing into Paltang Resevoir, pollution status of the Kyongan stream was more worse than that in the Pukhan River and the Namhan River. The results of this study indicate that the management of point source, SWTP effluent, is urgent to mitigate eutrophication of Paltang Reservoir, and requires further necessary controls of inorganic phosphorus loading.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2 s.94
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• pp.119-125
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• 2001

Total bacterial density was investigated in the main stream and tributaries of the Kyongan Stream and inlet parts of Paltang Reservoir from September 2000 to February 2001 by acridine orange direct count (AODC) method. Total bacterial number in the Kyongan Stream was mainly under influence of the effluent discharge of sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) located in the upstream or downstream. Decreasing rate with water flowing distance (km) in the main stream is $0.13\;{\time}\;10^6$ cells/ml, and it was estimated to much accumulating quantity on the stream bed during transport to downstream. Average values of total bacterial number in September${\sim}$October, November and December${\sim}$February were range $1.74{\sim}3.10{\time}10^6$, $1.86{\sim}7.30{\time}10^6$ and $4.56{\sim}8.75{\time}10^6$cells/ml, respectively, and were high at low temperature than that of high temperature period. Total bacterial number was more abundant at below $10^{\circ}C$ with $2.1{\sim}3.0$ folds than at above $10^{\circ}C$. Water quality by total bacterial number was classify to eutrophic and the potential of wastewater treated effluent for the microbial contamination assessed to very high. The results of this study indicate that the management of point source, SWTP effluent, is urgent to mitigate bacterial impact of Paltang Reservoir as well as the Kyongan Stream.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3 s.95
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• pp.192-198
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• 2001

The Kyongan Stream and the inlet part of Paltang Reservoir are under significant influence of the effluent of sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) and untreated domestic wastewater (DOW). The fertility of wastewater was evaluated through bioassay using natural phytoplankton population diluted in five levels. The concentrations of $NH_4$, SRP and SRSi were positively correlated with the biomass of phytoplankton. P concentration showed stronger correlation (r = 0.959, p<0.001)than other nutrients. Compared with the initial concentrations, $NH_4$ concentrations in samples from SWTP and DOW decreased 96% and 7%, respectively during the cultivation, and those of SRSi decreased 97% and 60%. However, $NO_3$ concentrations in samples neither showed any particular change nor any increase. Chl-a concentration ranged between $20\;{\mu}g/l$ and $125\;{\mu}g/l$, which maximum value increased up to 83 times. Estimated from the relationship between chl-a and SRP, the P concentration that can maintain the biomass of algae under mesotrophic state (<25\;{mu}g$\;chl-a/l$) was $83\;{mu}g\; P/l$. The volume of flow to maintain this level solely by natural dilution was about $16{\sim}25$ times of in flowing volume in the stream. However, it is not feasible to tap water of such quantity. Therefore, it is imperative to build an advanced sewage wastewater treatment facility that can reduce $NH_4$ and SRP concentrations that promote the growth of phytoplankton in discharged water.