• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.251-264
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• 1999

본 연구는 조기발병형 치주염의 서로 다른 4가지 표현형에 있어서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) 381과 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) Y4에 대한 상승된 IgG subclass의 양상을 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. Subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 3명 subform II(post juvenile periodontitis pattern)에서 19명, subform III (localized but rapidly progressing pattern)에서 15명, subform IV(distinctive rapidly progressing periodontitis pattern)에서 15명의 환자를 조사하여 Pg에 대한 그들의 total IgG level과 각각의 IgG subclass level 및 Aa에 대한 IgG level을 검사했다. Pg에 대한 total IgG level은 subform II와 IV보다 subform I과 III에서 훨씬 높게 나타났다. IgG3 level이 subform I과 IV사이에서 현저한 차이가 있다는 점을 제외하고는, 다른 IgG subclass level에서 subform 사이에 아무런 차이가 없었다. Pg에 대한 IgG subclass는 single class 혹은 다양한 group에서 상승되어 나타났으며, IgG1+2+4가 가장 흔하게 발견되었고, 다음으로 IgG4 단독, IgG2 단독, IgG2+4, IgG2+3+4의 순으로 발견되었다. IgG2와 IgG4가 빈번히 상승되어 발견되었는데, 특히 severe form(subform III & IV)에서 그러했다. 뿐만 아니라, IgG level은 subform II, III, IV와 일치하여 점차적으로 증가하였고, 반면에 IgG1/IgG4 ratio는 그와 일치하여 감소되었다. 이러한 ratio의 감소는 단백질성의 오래된 항원의 과부하로 인해 immunoglobulin gene의 전환을 가능하게 한다는 것을 나타내고 있다. Aa에 대한 IgG2 level은 다른 유형보다 subform I에서 상당히 높았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 levels이 subform I의 국소 부위에서 발생하는 disease activity와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, Aa의 경우에는 이러한 관련성이 나타나지 않았다. Pg에 대한 IgG2 level은 18-25세에서 훨씬 높은 동시에 26-35세에서는 감소했으며 결국 30대 후반에서는 더 높은 수치로 되돌아갔다. 이러한 결과는 Pg에 대한 IgG2 및 IgG responsiveness (single 혹은 combined)가 EOP의 severe form의 발달에 중요하게 작용하며 IgG2 levels은 IgG1/IgG4 ratio와 더불어 EOP의 localized type이 generalized type으로 계속 진행하는 것을 조절하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다는 것을 강하게 시사하였다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide, although the survival period is increasing after the occurrence of stroke, severe physical disability is caused with aftereffect. Oral inflammation is not limited to the oral cavity, it can cause malignant changes in other tissues and organs. In previous studies, we confirmed the relationship between tooth loss and stroke due to periodontal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and stroke such as oral hygiene behavior, tooth loss and periodontal disease among Korean adults over 40 years of age. This study was analyzed using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A total of 3,389 adults over 40 years of age were analyzed as final subjects. Socioeconomic statuses and oral health status was analyzed using a complex sample analysis technique. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship of oral health and stroke, and 95% confidence intervals were computed using SPSS. When the prevalence of stroke according to oral hygiene behavior was checked, the prevalence of strokes was lower in subjects who had a lot of brushings per day and subjects who used oral hygiene products (p<0.05). The risk of stroke was 2.17 times (95% confidence interval, 1.43~3.28) higher in the group with less than 19 remaining teeth, but it was not statistically significant as a result of adjusting for age and sex, income level, education level, drinking and smoking (p>0.05). Loss of teeth was found to be associated with the risk factor of stroke. Therefore, loss of teeth due to periodontal disease is an additional issue that should be considered as a risk factor for stroke.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.243-258
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• 2001

Gingival recession is exposure of the root surface with apical shift in the position of gingiva. The incidence of gingival recession is 8% in children and 100% after the age of 50. Recession tends to be found in patients with healthy gingiva, but more frequentely found in patients with periodontal disease, and it often causes mucogingival defects. Buccal surface of premolar is the area not only for severe gingival recession and cervical abrasion, but also the area of numbers of buccal frenum and less keratinized gingiva. Threrfore, the goal of this study was to observe the patients with periodontitis and examine whether there are clinical relations between gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar and other factors related with the condition of periodontal health. Generally healthy 218 patients who had periodontitis, aged between 18 and 78, were examined for depth of periodontal poket, width of attached gingival, gingival recession, cervical abrasion, and frenum of mid-buccal surface of premolar at the Department of Periodontics in Dankook University Dental Hospital and following is the result. 1. The average gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar with periodontal disease was 0.76mm and 0.29mm and each has 43% and 14% of incidence. Also the width of attached gingiva of mid-buccal surface was 1.77mm. the average periodontal pocket depth is 2.0mm and 47% of frequently seen was narrow single shaped frenum, and the interdistance of the frenum was mostly over 4mm. 2. With statistical significance(P<0.05), the incidence of gingival recession increased with age and was related much more with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar, and with narrow attached gingiva and frenum. 3. With statistical significance(p<0.05), the incidence of cervical abrasion increased with age and was related with the area of the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva, but the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 4. The severity of gingival recession increased with age and was more related with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar. And the area of narrow attached gingiva and frenum showed more gingival recession and the distance of frenum was more highly related than shape, and they were statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. With statistical significance(p<0.05), the severity of cervical abrasion increase with age and was observed at the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva. But the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal status of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis and referred for intraoral evaluation prior to renal transplantation surgery with those having normal kidney function. Materials and Methods: Patients who had been undergoing dialysis for end-stage renal disease and been referred to the Dental Clinic Center by the Department of Nephrology at University Hospital for intraoral evaluation prior to kidney transplantation surgery. For comparison of periodontal status, subjects without abnormalities in kidney function were matched with the patients by age and gender and selected as healthy controls. The patients' age, gender, comorbidities, type of dialysis received, and duration of dialysis were investigated by reference to their medical records, and data on their periodontal status were analyzed via the relevant periodontal records. Results: A total of 102 patients, including 51 dialyzed patients and 51 healthy control group subjects, participated in this study. In the patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis with periodontal probing depth of 5 mm or more, percentage of sites with clinical attachment level of 4 mm or more, percentage of teeth with bleeding on probing, number of missing teeth, and ratio of moderate to severe periodontitis were all significantly greater than in the healthy controls. Conclusion: The periodontal status of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis and referred for intraoral evaluation prior to kidney transplantation was worse than that of healthy controls.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.586-590
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• 2009

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is rare inherited defect on phagocytic function resulting lack of leukocyte cell surface expression of $\beta2$ integrin molecule that are essential for leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and chemotaxis. Clinical features of patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I include recurrent necrotic infection of the skin mucous membranes, and intestinal tract with septicemia, and omphalitis arising from delayed umbilical cord separation. Oral manifestations are severe progressive periodontitis with alveolar bone loss, periodontal pockets, and partial and total premature loss of the deciduous and permanent dentitions. We report a case of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I in a 5-year-old child with severe periodontitis. In order to prevent local and systemic infection, we controlled periodontal disease with periodic oral prophylaxis. Oral swabs and blood cultures were perfomed for suspected infection, so that optimal measures were taken through the use of appropriate antibiotics.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (${\omega}$-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ${\omega}$-3 FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. Results: A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ${\omega}$-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or C management of chronic periodontitis.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

In case of loss of many teeth due to dental caries or periodontal disease, improvement of masticatory function and aesthetics can be obtained through implant treatment. However, if the patient does not have a normal intercondylar relationship, it is difficult to achieve an ideal occlusal relationship with only prosthetic treatment. In particular, oral reconstruction with orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery is necessary for patients with mandibular prognathism. However, if the posterior occlusion collapses due to severe caries or periodontal disease, orthognathic surgery may be difficult. The occlusal vertical stop is very important for the stability of the mandibular position during occlusal reconstruction through orthognathic surgery. The patient in this case had posterior occlusion collapsed due to the caries of a large number of posterior teeth, and showed mandibular prognathism and long face. We planned a full arch restoration with orthognathic surgery and extracted the hopeless teeth. To secure the vertical stop required for orthognathic surgery, the implant was placed before surgery. After the orthognathic surgery and the final prosthesis application, the results were satisfactory for the improvement of the aesthetics and the restoration of the masticatory function.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological outcomes following the use of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolacton film and 2% minocycline-loaded gel that was applied locally into pockets combined with scaling and root planing. 25 human subjects who were non-pregnant, non-lactating, aged 20-50 and diagnosed as moderate to advanced adult periodontitis were enrolled. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of severe acute or chronic systemic disease, if they required antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment for any reason, or if they reported a history suggestive of hypersensitivity reactions to minocycline or tetracycline. 4quadrants that had several teeth with a 5-8mm probing pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss for each patient were selected and divided into test sites and control sites according to the split-mouth design. Scaling and root planing was done for each site at baseline(0week). Test sites received the minocycline gel and strip and control sites had saline irrigation. The patients received both treatments simyltaneously. Subgingival irrigation of sterile saline was applied to the control sites for approximately 30 seconds. Minocycline strip and gel was applied into the periodontal pocket at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks each after scaling and root planing in the test sites. The clinical and microbiological measurements were made at baseline and at the follow-up visits 6, 10, 14, 20 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth and Periocheck test was significantly reduced and the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased, in locally delivered minocycline strip group compared to saline irrigation group. 2. In locally delivered minocycline gel group, The effect was the same with minocycline strip group as compared with saline irrigation therapy. 3. There was no significant differences between minocycline strip group and minocycline gelgroup. In conclusion, minocycline HCl local drug delivery combined with scaling and root planing may provide added improvement of clinical and microbiological responses by inhibiting bacterial recolonization of treated sites. It is suggested that the local administration of minocycline-HCl in the periodontal pocket is effective when combined with subgingival mechanical debridement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2013

The autogenous tooth transplantation is an alternative treatment replacing a missing tooth when a suitable donor tooth is available. It is also a successful treatment option to save significant amount of time and cost comparing implants or conventional prosthetics. These cases, which required single tooth extraction due to deep caries and severe periodontal disease, could have good results by transplanting non-functional but sound donor tooth to the extraction site.