• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on obesity and overweight female patients and to gather the information of a proper treatment goal for anti-obesity program in Korean medicine clinic.Methods: 230 subjects were recruited and those data were analyzed for body-mass index (BMI), treatment duration, weight, body fat, muscle volume and body fat/weight loss ratio. It was compared among age groups and severity of obesity.Results: It was achieved to loss 12-13 kg for 105.8 days thru obesity program of Korean medicine clinic. There were no significant differences for BMI loss, weight loss, body fat loss, muscle volume gain and treatment duration among age groups. It was found that there were significant differences among overweight, obesity and severe obesity group for BMI loss, weight loss, body fat loss and muscle volume gain except treatment duration. It was assumed the weight loss for 1 month was 3.2 kg, 4.2 kg, 4.5 kg for each severity group respectively.Conclusions: It was found herbal medicine treatment would be effective for female obesity and expected the patients could achieve 12-13 kg weight loss for 15 weeks treatment including 8-12 weeks herbal medicine administration and BMI loss per month could be 1.22 kg/m², 1.60 kg/m² and 1.70 kg/m² for severity of obesity respectively. Hereafter, further controlled study with more numbers of patients should be needed to determine the goal of medical treatment for obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2020

Objectives: Obesity is becoming more popular disease worldwide. Because of the side effects of conventional obesity treatment modality, herbal medicine treatment is becoming more preferred. Gambihwan which including Ephedra sinica Staph is widely used in traditional Korean Medicine practice for obesity treatment. Garcinia cambogia is a kind of health functional food that has body fat reducing effect. Nowadays, ephedra and Garcinia cambogia are often used simultaneously in clinical practice of Korean Medicine. However, the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment is not well established. Methods: We conducted retrospective observational study to explore effectiveness and safety of combination therapy. We evaluated effect of combined treatment of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia on body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and waist hip ratio reduction. We also assessed safety via liver function test and adverse event. Results: Finally, 23 patients were included. In paired t-test, body weight significantly decreased from 64.50±14.50 kg to 62.94±13.85 kg (P<0.001) and body mass index were also significantly decreased from 24.43±3.79 kg/㎡ to 23.83±3.59 kg/㎡ (P<0.001). Body fat mass was also reduced. Aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly increased. There were no drug-induced liver injury and no severe adverse event. Conclusions: In our retrospective review, we found combination therapy of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia reduce body weight, body mass index and body fat mass. There were no severe adverse event and drug induced liver injury which indicated safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study was held for prevention of coronary artery disease and improvement of health of local community residents by classifying the obesity types of their waist circumference and BMI, and appraising the coronary artery disease risk factors(CRF). Methods: We analyzed the data on the 1,914 adult cases (1,156 male and 758 female) during Nov, 2006 to Mar. 2007 on a general hospital in Daegu city, Korea. The obesity types in this research were classified into normal group, seeming obesity group, abdominal obesity group and obesity group. Also, CRF was classified by normal, mild, moderate, and severe, and each class was given the index from 0 to 3. The coronary artery disease risk factors index(CRFI) was defined as the sum of index, and we defined that if the sum is higher, higher chance of coronary artery disease risk exist. Results: According to the research, by the age group, normal group has higher percentage in age 30 to 40, and obesity group and abdominal obesity group has higher percentage in age 50 to 60. CRFI is increased by order of normal group, seeming obesity group, abdominal obesity group, and obesity group on both male and female groups, and male shows higher index than female on all four groups. CRFI will be influenced by order of obesity group, seeming obesity group, and abdominal obesity group on male, and obesity group, abdominal obesity group, and seeming obesity group on female according to the result of multiple regression between obesity type and CRFI. Conclusion: According to the result from our research, we have to have keen attention to not only seeming obesity group and obesity group, but also abdominal obesity group which has normal waist circumference influence to CRFI. So, those kinds of indexes have to be controled by controling their weight. Also, we believe that health behaviour can improve and CRF can be prevented by the early health care and early health education to those with no abnormal indication on clinical indicator but with abnormal BMI and waist circumference.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore recent trends in the prevalence of pediatric elevated blood pressure and hypertension (HTN) in Korea and the United States, applying the new HTN reference values for adolescents. Methods: This study analyzed 17 339 (8755 Korean and 8584 American) adolescents aged 10 to 17 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, respectively, between 2005 and 2016. HTN was defined using percentile-based reference values for non-overweight adolescents from 7 nations, and obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) based on country-specific growth charts. All analyses were stratified by sex and year-over-year changes were evaluated by calculating the p for trend. Results: Systolic blood pressure showed a statistically meaningful upward trend in Korean boys and girls, while diastolic blood pressure did not show any significant changes. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels declined among United States boys and girls. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN remained similar in Korean adolescents, but declined in both sexes among United States adolescents. BMI increased in both sexes among Korean adolescents, although the overweight and obesity rates stayed the same. No significant trends were found in any obesity indices among United States adolescents. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN by obesity level was higher among Korean adolescents than among their United States peers in both sexes, and the gap became higher at more severe levels of obesity. Conclusions: Despite the strong correlation between obesity and HTN, recent trends in the prevalence of HTN and obesity among Korean and United States adolescents were strikingly different. Follow-up studies are necessary to determine why the prevalence of HTN was more than twice as high among Korean adolescents than among their United States counterparts.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.502-512
• /
• 2000

A survey was conducted on 222 students in two elementary schools in rural areas, one was a rural small city and the other was in the countryside. By measuring their skin-foldness in 4 spots by caliper, the body fatness of 5 grades(BFGr) of the subjects was resulted as follows ; 28.0% of boys and 6.7% of girls were classified as obese the and 34.1% of boys and 31.1% of girls as overweight. Comparing by region, children in the small city seemed to be fatter than the ones in the countryside(21.7% vs. 17.2% as obesity). Comparing by gender, boys were fatter than girls(28.0% vs. 6.7% as obesity). When recategorizing body fatness from 5 grades(BFGr) into 3 groups(BFGp) as overweight group(obesity+overweight), normal and underweight group(underweight+severe-underweight), we observed no significant difference in childrens dietary habits and food intake frequencies by BFGp. Overweight and underweight groups enjoyed snacking before dinner more frequently than the normal group(42.1-59.3% vs. 31.5%). The subjects showed poor nutrition knowledge score with relatively high attitude score about weight control and dietary behavior score was a little lower than the attitude score. Nutrition education programs, like camps, should stress on childrens nutrition knowledge. BFGp related to obesity attitude positive, a very low level and the latter related to diet, exercise and fasting attitudes at positive levels. Therefore overweight children seemed to be motivated easily. Also the higher the in exercise-value score, the more increased was shown in exercise attitude at positive, very low level. Emphasizing exercise-value in camp programs might make childrens exercise attitude more positive. As strategies for a rural obesity camp program are being developed by obese and non-obese children. The camp would be held over summer vacation for 3 days(2 nights) at the participants expence not exceeding 50,000 won. Contents of the program cover nutrition knowledge, and exercise-value as well as cooking lessons, exercise practice, and self-esteem enhencement.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.229-240
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study was to investigate the impact of dietary habits and obesity on level of oral health in the elementary school children and to characterize the relationship among dietary habits, obesity and level of oral health by DMFT index and perceived oral health. Methods : Participants were 314 total students from one elementary school who lived Yeosan. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the subjects from March 25 through May 12, 2008, to identify their the degree of dietary habits, perceived oral health. A trained investigator made an oral examination of them in natural light using a mirror and explorer to determine their DMFT index. We classified the subjects into Data were analyzed with T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test, pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Results : Regarding dietary habit, the subjects achieved a mean of 10.52${\pm}$3.80 out of a maximum 20 points. The DMFT index in the subject was 0.60${\pm}$2.03. The group of obesity by gender were 19.2% and 22.5%. Moreover, those who were children and had more severe level of obesity felt that their perceived oral health and DMFT index were higher. There was a significant assocciation of oral health among elementary school children with obesity. Conclusion : These results suggest that oral health behavioral and attitude, dietary habits and obesity influenced the level of oral health. Thus further research targeting to positive attitude toward effective management of childhood obesity combined with significant dietary habits, may lead to promotion of oral health.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.28-43
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of Boiogito for obesity. We examined the efficacy of Boiogito for obese patients and we expected the reaction of Boiogito would vary according to the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs). Methods: 111 subjects(body mass index${\geq}25m/kg^2$) were recruited and randomized to receive Boiogito(n=55) or Placebo(n=56) for 8weeks. Anthropometric factors, serum lipid profile, glucose, blood pressure(BP), pulse rate, resting metabolic rate and Korean version of obesity-related quality of life(KOQOL) scale measured at baseline and 8weeks. SNPs(${\beta}3$-adrenergic receptor(ADRB3), G protein ${\beta}3$(GNB3), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 gene(PPAR-${\gamma}2$), uncoupling protein(UCP2)) were conducted at baseline. Adverse reactions and safety outcome variables were also checked during trials. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement on obesity after treatment. Boiogito group decreased triglyceride than did control group and improved KOQOL. Boiogito showed a significant higher efficacy in C/T and T/T genotype of GNB3 gene / in Trp64 and Arg64 genotype of ADRB3 gene / in D/D genotype of UCP2 gene / in Pro/Pro genotype of PPAR-${\gamma}$ gene. Conclusions: Boiogito promoted obesity indexes without severe adverse reactions and proved its safety. Pharmacogenetical studies of Boiogito on obesity could be a effective method for the individualized treatment and prevention of obesity.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2020

Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene helps to regulate energy homeostasis in mammals by controlling energy expenditure. In addition, FTO functions in the regulation of obesity and adipogenic differentiation; however, a role in osteogenic differentiation is unknown. This study investigated the effects of FTO on osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells and the underlying mechanism. Expression of osteogenic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were characterized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed to assess ALP activity. BMP2 treatment increased mRNA expression of osteogenic genes and FTO. Overexpression of FTO increased expression of the osteogenic genes distal-less homeobox5 (Dlx5) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased FTO expression, and there was a positive feedback loop between FTO and p-AMPK. p-AMPK and FTO induced mild ER stress; however, tunicamycin-induced severe ER stress suppressed FTO expression and AMPK activation. In summary, FTO induces osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells upon BMP2 treatment by inducing mild ER stress via a positive feedback loop with p-AMPK. FTO expression and AMPK activation induce mild ER stress. By contrast, severe ER stress inhibits osteogenic differentiation by suppressing FTO expression and AMPK activation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to elucidate whether the obesity or body image is a barrier to breast screening compliance in Korean women. Methods: We included 54,017 women aged between 35 to 70 years from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) 2014 dataset. To identify whether a mutual relationship exists between weight perceptions and breast cancer screening rates, the participants were divided into three groups according to the level of concordance between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a subjective body image. Descriptive analyses, a chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: After covariate adjustment, the screening rate of the overweight group was 1.09 times higher than the normal weight group (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.00-0.16; p= .038) and the severe obesity group was 1.20 times lower (OR, 0.83; CI, -0.36-0.00; p= .047). Weight misperception also had a significant influence on breast cancer screening. Especially, The overweight distortion group was less likely to undergo breast cancer screening (OR, 0.93; CI, -0.15-0.00; p= .037). Conclusion: Obesity and weight misperceptions are associated with lower compliance with breast cancer screening guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on the satisfaction with school lunches and school lunch leftovers of elementary school children in the Kyeonggi area. The study was carried out on 235 children(male : 111, female :124) in December of 2000. The results are summarized as follows. A Rohrer index was used to define obesity. The proportions of severe underweight, underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 0.9%, 16.6%, 57.9%,17.0%, and 7.7% respectively. For the data analysis, the subjects were divided into 3 groups : an underweight group(Rohrer index 109 including severe underweight), a normal group(Rohrer index 110-140), and an obese group(Rohrer index 141 including overweight). With regard to the satisfaction with school lunches, the proportions of children who were satisfied, neutral, and unsatisfied were 27.2%, 59.6% and 13.2% respectively. The proportion of the satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group(p〈0.05), and the proportion of the dissatisfaction with school lunches was significantly increased with obesity index(p〈0.05). The largest proportion of children who were satisfied with school lunches answered they felt hungry(56.3%) and the food tasted good(42.2%). Children sho were not satisfied with school lunches answered that the food was not tasty(93.5%), they did not have ant appetite(9.7%), and others. The children not finishing school lunches(leftovers) occasionally or always were 47.7% of the subjects. The behavior of leaving lunch foods was not significantly related to the gender or the frequency of eating snacks, wile it was positively related with dissatisfaction with school lunches(p〈0.01), obesity index(p〈0.05), and the decreased frequency of eating meals per day(p〈0.01). The reasons of school lunch leftovers were food dislikes(67.9%), excess of quantity(39.3%), tastelessness(31.3%), poor appetite(13.4%), and other. The children eating meals twice, 3 times, and 4 times per day were 18.7%, 74.9%, and 6.4% of the subjects respectively. The proportions of the obese and the satisfaction with school lunches were not changed significantly according to the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of children leaving school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating meals twice per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). The frequency of eating snacks was not related to the obesity index, the proportion of school lunch leftovers, or the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating snacks 1-2 times per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). In conclusion, it is necessary to have children enjoy school lunches with efforts to improve the food´s taste in the school food services and to reexamine the serving sizes for the children, in addition to the nutrition education for the children to eat a variety of foods.