• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

Objectives : Samchulgeonbi-tang (shenzhujianpi-tang) has been prescribed as one of traditional herbal medicine for treatment of stomach diseases since ancient time in Korea. Samchulgeonbi-tang extract was fermented by Lactobacillus spp. for improving the effect. However, the toxicity and safety of fermented Samchulgeonbi-tang (FS) extract were not confirmed. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of FS extract. Methods : To evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of FS extract, several doses of FS extract, 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, were orally administered to 20 male and 20 female ICR mice, respectively. After treatment with FS extract, we observed mortality, general toxicity, behavior and change of body weight for the 14 days. After 14 days of oral administration, all mice were sacrificed and hematological parameters were analyzed from blood serum. Results : In present study, the toxic signs such as mortality or abnormal behaviors by FS extract were not observed. There are no significant differences between FS-treated group and control group in body weight, organ weights, and hematological parameters. Conclusions : The remarkable adverse effects by FS extract were not observed in ICR mice. Also, any death was not occurred at all treated FS doses, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of FS extract may be more than 2000 mg/kg.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.124-152
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain what should be considered in the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer" by analyzing the existing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: The development committee searched guidelines for herbal medicinal products for colorectal cancer that have already been developed. Then, clinical trials for colorectal cancer using herbal medicine were searched. The searched trials were analyzed in terms of inclusion and exclusion of participants, intervention, comparator, outcomes and trial design. Then, we compared the results of our analysis with the regulations and guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in order to identify the issues we will have to consider when making the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer". Several guidelines for anti-tumor agents and clinical trials with herbal medicinal products were searched on the national institution homepage. In addition, 12 articles were searched using a combination of the following search terms: 'colorectal neoplasms', 'herbal medicine', 'Medicine, Korean traditional', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'medicine, East Asian medicine', 'medicine, Kampo', etc. Results: The characteristics of participants were various, such as people with medical histories of surgeries or recurrent cancers or who complained of chemotherapy-induced side effects. The types of interventions were also various and included decoctions, powders, intravenous fluids, intraperitoneal injections and gargles. Comparators used included placebos and conventional treatments. The outcome measurements used in the studies were quality of life, symptom score, tumor response, and survival duration, etc. Safety was evaluated by recording adverse events. Conclusions: Findings were made by reviewing existing guidelines and comparing them with clinical trials for colorectal cancer and herbal medicinal products. These results will be utilized in the development of the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer".

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 1999

This treatise, after review recent data on Oriental Medical toxicity, gets a conclusion on toxic concept of Oriental Medicine. 1. In the oriental medicine, the concept of toxic character contains propensity which disposition is inclined, and general meaning covered with the effect of a medicine, a side effect, formation of a medicine Besides, the concept diversely is used in the cause of a disease, names, symptoms, how to treat, medicines, prevention name, etc. 2. Every herbal drugs has toxic character. Levels of toxicity are nonexistence(無毒), existence(有毒), a little(小毒), always(常毒), serious(大毒), fatal toxic(劇毒), whose concepts in the Oriental Medicine are divided relative and absolute at the same time. 3. The examples of the fatal events by poisoning up to now are more than 400 cases(in China). 4. The factors of toxicity are the amount used unsuitably, the combination, directions, and interactions between western and oriental medicine, etc. The reduction of toxicity and how to detoxicate is several methods. The toxic science in Oriental Medicine based on the formation of oriental medicine present principles which use herbal drugs safely and availablely, utilizing th dispositions and efficiencies. It has positive, learning spirits which prevent abuse of oriental medicine, and which exactly diagnose and use the herbal drugs in the treatment with absolute toxic medicine. However, I think that scientific, positive experimental research is necessary to setup dose-response relation, be in relative quantity of toxic character, operate on the reactive mechanism exactly.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-33
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• 2005

Acetaminophen, which causes acute liver min in humans and animals, has made useful inducer of hepatoxicity for studying hepatopreventive drugs. Injinhotang is known as one of the hepatopreventive drugs. However, its mechanism of recovery of hepatoxicity treated with acetaminophen is poorly understood. this study was performed to observe the antioxidative effect of injinhotang extract and its several combination groups. The results were obtained as follows:1. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in H2O2-Fe2+system, injinhotang have more effect than its components groups relatively. 2. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(the level of serum LPO, the level of hepatic LPO, catalase, GSH, GST), only injnhotang has a significant effect. 3. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, ALP, LDH, b ilirubin), only injinhotang has a significant effect. These results suggest that injinhotang has the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.117-137
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• 2011

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal-acupuncture with $Artemisiae$ $Vulgaris$ $Folium$ extract(AaH-HA) at $KI_{10}$($Eumgok$) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized(OVX) ddy mice. We carried out several experimental items to analyze the changes in body weight, urine, weight, uterus index, tibial length, the ash bone weight, tibial BMD, serum ALP, serum osteocalcin, serum Ca, and the levels of Ca, P, Ca/P ratio in tibia, and we performed histological and histomorphological analysis as well. Results : 1. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction phosphorus level in serum in ovariectomized mice. 2. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction creatinine level in serum in ovariectomized mice. 3. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the increase of tibial osteoclast cells in ovariectomized mice. 4. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction of TBV(trabecular bone volume) and TBT(trabecular bone thickness) in ovariectomized mice. 5. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the overgrowth of tibial growth plate length(GPL) in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions : In conclusion, our study suggested that Herbal-acupuncturing with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ can be effective treatment for osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.60-85
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate acupoints for atopic dermatitis which have similar impact with frequent herbs. Methods : We collected research materials in "The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology" published from Feburary, 2000 to September, 2017. The search terms are 'atopic Dermatitis', 'antiallergic', 'anti-inflammatory', 'antianaphylaxis', 'dermatitis' and we elected experimental researches about herbal medicine. Among the herbal medicine, we extracted frequent herbs using more than 5 times, and categorized through "Herbal Medicine". By Consulting "Principles of Meridians & Acupoints; A Guidebook for College Students", we matched frequent herbs and acupoints. Results : 1. There are 38 frequent herbs for study except Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH. because it was used for balance in herbal medicine. Arrange meridians in order of frequency, the most is 'Lung meridian'. Among the organs, the most related one with skin is 'Lung' and 'Lung meridian' can treat skin diseases. 2. We researched acupoints called 'specific acupoints' under elbow, knee because of clinical usage. Exceptively, SP6 and GV20 are not included in 'specific acupoints' but they can be effective for atopic dermatitis treatment. 3. Researching on MEDLINE about frequent herbs and acupoints, there are many studies that acupuncture is effective for reducing pruritus. Therefore, the acupoints which were mentioned in this study can be choosed for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : We found several applicable acupoints for Atopic Dermatitis. We hope it will be useful in experiment such as randomized controllized trial on Atopic Dermatitis and acupuncture and futhermore in clinic.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.251-261
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• 2005

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune/inflammatory disorder with a complex genetic component. RA is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane in the joint, which leads to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage, ligament and bone. Several cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;TNF-{\alpha}\;and\;interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been implicated in the pathological mechanisms of synovial tissue proliferation, joint destruction and programmed cell death in rheumatoid joint. Genome wide screening of subjects suffering from autoimmune diseases especially arthritis revealed linkage to inflammatory molecules like $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappaB $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ and human leucocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex (HLA/MHC) locus. The status of the pharmacological mechanism of herbal drugs in the light of genome wide screening results has been discussed to reinforce the therapeutic potential and the pharmacological basis of the herbal drugs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 2010

A concern of safety issue for traditional herbal medicine is the possibility of some herbs containing heavy metals responsible for several cases of metal poisoning. In our previous study, the physiological levels of heavy metals, such as Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb, were examined to evaluate a potential risk in patients taking herbal medicine. In this study, the levels of 12 heavy metals, including non-metallic element, Se, were analyzed in hair and compared to the results from the previous study. In the previous study, the levels of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in hair showed a significantly lower odds ratio than 1. In this study, however, all metals did not show any significant odds ratio higher or lower than 1 even if 5 of 12 metals showed lower odds ratio than 1. In addition, the levels of metal concentrations, especially for Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, exceeding the WHO reference values were observed in hair. However, any evidence for metal accumulation in hair caused by taking herbal medicines for long duration was not observed in analysis of multiple regression and odds ratio from case-control study. This result would show another possibility for a role of herbs as a non-enzymatic chelator inhibiting the gastrointestinal absorption of heavy metals.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

This study was conducted to analyze metal concentration changes following processing steps for crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of Korea herbal drugs. We measured meta.! concentration from 20 random patients who visited Oriental medical clinics for treatment of several diseases through normal action. The results obtained were as below: First, in the study to acknowledge quality control between Korean Lab and Harvard Lab in the US, 20 equal herbal samples resulted in the same values, so we confirmed the precision of measurement results from both labs. Second, hazardous metal mean concentration in crude, remnant after boiling, and decoction of herbal drugs were $32.5{\mu\textrm{g}}/22.1{\mu\textrm{g}}/8.8{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for As, $0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Cd, $1.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}/0.0{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Hg and $5416.3{\mu\textrm{g}}/3639.6{\mu\textrm{g}}/1002.6{\mu\textrm{g}}$ for Pb, respectively. These metal concentrations decreased 72.9-100.0% compared to crude status. The same trend was also visible in the other essential elements. From reviewing these results, we could carefully conclude that decoction had the least amount of metal concentration and is the optimal way to intake herbal drugs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-257
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• 2008

Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Cyperi Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture infusion solution at Umgok($KI_{10}$) on Osteoporotic Rats Induced by Ovariectomy. The author performed several experimental items to analyze cytotoxic, osteoporosis evaluation, change of ALP, osteocalcin, Ca and histological change of tibia. Result : 1. BMD were increased non-meaningly in CR-HA than control group. 2. ALP was not inhibited by CR-HA, osteocalcin was decreased meaningly in CR-HA than control group. 3. Osteoclast like cell in tibia was increased meaningly in control group, decreased meaningly in CR-HA. 4. In the histological study in tibia, TBV was significantly increased, GPL was significantly decreased in the CR-HA than control group. Conclusions : From the result above, the results suggest that CR-HA at $KI_{10}$ has significant effect on osteoporosis, and to be put to practical use in the future osteoporosis clinic.