• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of the induced molting with low-protein and energy diet on the postmolt performance of layers. Eighty White Leghorn layers (61-old-wk) with over 80% egg production were used for 12 weeks in this work. Treatments were non-molt control (CO), fasting treatment for 10 days (FW), molt treatment with low-protein and low-energy molting diet for 3 weeks (LO), and molt treatment with standard molting diet for 3 weeks (ST) as 4 treatments (2 replications/treatment and 10 birds/replication). Body weight (BW) loss was 26.5% of initial BW at 2 week in FW treatment, and was 17.3% and 14.2% in both LO and ST treatments (P<0.05). Layers in molting treatments were fed with commercial layer diet after completion of molting since BW of layers was recovered for 7 weeks. Heart weight ratio was shown as 0.47, 0.43, 0.46 and 0.46% at CO, FW, LO and ST treatments, respectively, and liver weight ration of body weight was shown as 2.56, 1.30, 1.47 and 1.52%, respectively. Thus, those of molting treatments decreased compared to non-molt control (P<0.05). Oviduct weight ratio were shown as 3.95, 1.17, 1.54 and 1.67%, respectively, and similar with the results of liver (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased at LO and ST treatments during molting period and increased from the 5th week compared to control. Egg production decreased at 1 week in molt treatment and stopped at 2 week in FW, 3 week in LO, and 4 week in ST treatments. The birds started to lay egg at 4 week in FW and at 5 week in LO and ST treatments. Egg production was recovered until 50% at 6 week in FW and was recovered as 66.1 and 71.6% at 8 week in LO and ST treatment, respectively. Egg weights were similar among all treatments. Eggshell thicknesses were 0.41, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.46 mm at CO, FW, LO and ST treatment, respectively, but the higher in molt treatments than control (P<0.05). Eggshell breaking strength was 3.83 and 3.81 kg/$cm^2$ in FW and LO treatment, respectively, and high compared to control. However, eggshell breaking strengths were 3.54 and 3.78 kg/$cm^2$ and were not statistically different. Haugh units were 75.6, 81.1, 80.6 and 79.9 in 4 treatments and high in molt treatment. Finally, dietary low-protein and low-energy may induce molt as few effect on performance of layers.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2009

Purpose: The PET of the PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography) quantitatively shows the biological and chemical information of the body, but has limitation of presenting the clear anatomic structure. Thus combining the PET with CT, it is not only possible to offer the higher resolution but also effectively shorten the scanning time and reduce the noises by using CT data in attenuation correction. And because, at the CT scanning, the contrast media makes it easy to determine a exact range of the lesion and distinguish the normal organs, there is a certain increase in the use of it. However, in the case of using the contrast media, it affects semi-quantitative measures of the PET/CT images. In this study, therefore, we will be to establish the reliability of the SUV (Standardized Uptake Value) with CT data correction so that it can help more accurate diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, a total of 30 people are targeted - age range: from 27 to 72, average age : 49.6 - and DSTe (General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, MI, USA) is used for equipment. $^{18}F$- FDG 370~555 MBq is injected into the subjects depending on their weight and, after about 60 minutes of their stable position, a whole-body scan is taken. The CT scan is set to 140 kV and 210 mA, and the injected amount of the contrast media is 2 cc per 1 kg of the patients' weight. With the raw data from the scan, we obtain a image showing the effect of the contrast media through the attenuation correction by both of the corrected and uncorrected CT data. Then we mark out ROI (Region of Interest) in each area to measure SUV and analyze the difference. Results: According to the analysis, the SUV is decreased in the liver and heart which have more bloodstream than the others, because of the contrast media correction. On the other hand, there is no difference in the lungs. Conclusions: Whereas the CT scan images with the contrast media from the PET/CT increase the contrast of the targeted region for the test so that it can improve efficiency of diagnosis, there occurred an increase of SUV, a semi-quantitative analytical method. In this research, we measure the variation of SUV through the correction of the influence of contrast media and compare the differences. As we revise the SUV which is increasing in the image with attenuation correction by using contrast media, we can expect anatomical images of high-resolution. Furthermore, it is considered that through this trusted semi-quantitative method, it will definitely enhance the diagnostic value.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.5 s.250
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• pp.349-356
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• 2005

Background: Arterial conduits using in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been known a great long term patency rates, and improved short and long term clinical outcomes. It has been reported that Off pump CABG has better clinical results than CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass. To evaluate the advantage of arterial conduits over venous conduits and to avoid the adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, we performed total arterial Off pump CABG. Material and Method: From January 2001 to October 2004, Off pump CABG using only arterial conduits was performed on 325 patients with a mean age of $59.3\pm11.9$ years ($36\~83$). Mean ejection fraction was $55.4\pm14.0\%\;(15\~86).$ Angiography showed left main disease or triple-vessel disease in $81.9\%$ of the patients. Indications of using arterial conduits was stenosis $\ge50\%$ of left anterior descending artery, stenosis $\ge80\%$ of branches of left circumflex artery, and stenosis $\ge90\%$ of right coronary artery and its branches. Multi-slice computed tomography was performed on 194 patients to evaluate the short term patency rates. Result: A total of 928 distal anastomoses were performed and the average anastomoses per a patient were $2.86\pm0.78$. There was 1 operative mortality. Postoperative complications were mediastinitis in 6 patients ($1.8\%$), renal failure in 4 patients ($1.2\%$), perioperative myocardial infarction in 3 patients ($0.9\%$), reoperation for bleeding in 3 patients ($0.9\%$). There was no postoperative stroke. Patency rate of arterial conduits was $99.3\%$ (581/585). There were 4 stenoses or competitive flows in 2 radial arteries and 2 right internal mammary arteries. Conclusion: Total arterial Off pump CABG appears to be safe, showing a low surgical mortality and morbidity and excellent short term patency rates of arterial conduits.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

Purpose: The granulocytic sarcoma which developed in leukemic patients are quite rare and it will have bad prognosis, but it's tumor pathogenesis and also their treatment are not yet established. Through this study we have tried to know their clinical course, prognosis and their end result of recent treatment. Material and Methods: Total 20 patients of granulocytic sarcoma which were developed in total 2,197 leukemic patients from April, 1998 to September, 2004 were treated at the leukemic center and the orthopaedic department of St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University of Korea, and followed them for 1~78 months(average 18 months). Results: Total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma was found in 14 cases of total 1,331 acute myelocytic leukemic patients(AML), 4 cases of total 744 of chronic myelocytic leukemic patients(CML), and only one case in total 122 of acute biphenotype of leukemia. And so their occurrence rate in leukmic patients are actually 0.91%, total 20 cases of granulocytic sarcoma in total 2,197 leukemic patients at same period. Their ages are average 28.3 years(4~52 years), and male are predominant(13 cases) than female(7 cases). Single involvement was found in 11 cases but multiple lesions are in 9 cases, and spine, brain, extremities, chest, and pelvic bone are involved in frequency. The granulocytic sarcoma was developed in various stages of the leukemia, ie, 8 cases in complete remission of leukemia, and 12 cases in the treatment process of AML. The pathohistologic evaluation of granulocytic sarcoma was done in 6 cases which was developed in their extremities, and confirmed numerous immature myeloblasts and lymphocytes mixed. The treatment of these granulocytic sarcoma was mainly limited for the treatment of leukemia by Glivac and massive steroid therapy(19cases) and also combined with the bone marrow transplantation(13 cases), but radiation therapy with average 3,500 rads in 15 cases out of total 20 sarcomas was also done, and followed them for average 17.5 months after development of granulocytic sarcomas. Finally their prognosis was so bad that 12 patients(60%) out of total 20 granulocytic sarcoma were dead in 6.5 months after sarcoma developed and we found the granulocytic sarcoma was more fatal if they are developed during the process of CML(mortality: 100%(4/4cases). Conclusion: The prognosis of granulocytic sarcomas in leukemic patients are quite fatal, and much more studies for their pathogenesis and ways of treatment should be performed continuously.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.330-341
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habits, food intakes, nutrient intakes, and diet quality of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a health screening and promotion center. Methods: The total number of study subjects was 10,111 adults, where 3087 subjects (30.5%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. The dietary intakes were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. They were then compared with the dietary reference intakes could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines s (KDRIs). Results: Mean age of subjects in the normal group was $52.9{\pm}10.3yrs$ and body mass index (BMI) was $22.4{\pm}2.6kg/m^2$, and those of the NAFLD group were $55.1{\pm}9.2yrs$ and $25.4{\pm}2.9kg/m^2$. BMI, blood pressure of the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. The rates of skipping breakfast, overeating, and eating out were significantly could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines er in the NAFLD group (p < 0.05, p < 0.000, p < 0.000 respectively). The speed of eating was fast in the NAFLD group (p < 0.000). The NAFLD group consumed significantly higher amounts of grains, meats, fish, seaweeds, kimchies, sugars, sweets, coffee, teas, and oils compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, intakes of starch products, fruits, milk, and milk products were significantly lower in the NAFLD group compared with those of the normal group (p < 0.05). Riboflavin, calcium, and dietary fiber nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of the NAFLD group were significantly lower than those of the normal group. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of the NAFLD group was lower than that of the normal group. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest that diet guidelines, such as increasing the intake of calcium and dietary fiber, reducing the intake of energy, fat, and simple carbohydrates, are necessary to improvement of NAFLD. The results could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines for NAFLD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2006

Micronutrient status in soils and crops of plastic film house and their relationship were investigated. Total 203 plastic film houses were selected (red pepper, 66; cucumber, 63; tomato, 74) in Yeongnam region and soil and leaf samples were collected. Hot-water extractable B and 0.1 N HCl extractable Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in soil samples and total micronutrients in leaf samples were analyzed. Contents Zn, Fe, and Mn in most of the investigated soils were higher than the upper limits of optimum level for general crop cultivation. Contents of Cu in most soils of cucumber and tomato cultivation were higher than the upper limit of optimum level, but Cu contents in about 30% of red pepper cultivation soils were below the sufficient level. Contents of B in most soils of cucumber and tomato were above the sufficient level but in 48% of red pepper cultivation soils B were found to be deficient. Micronutrient contents in leaf of investigated crops were much variable. Contents of B, Fe, and Mn were mostly within the sufficient levels, while in 71% of red pepper samples Cu was under deficient level and in 44% of cucumber samples Cu contents were higher than the upper limit of sufficient level. Contents of Zn in red pepper and cucumber samples were mostly within the sufficient level but in 62% of tomato samples Zn contents were under deficient condition. However, any visible deficiency or toxicity symptoms of micronutrients were not found in the crops. No consistent relationships were found between micronutrient contents in soil and leaf, and this indicates that growth and absorption activity of root and interactions among the nutrients in soil might be important factors in overall micronutrient uptake of crops. For best management of micronutrients in plastic film house, much attention should be focused on the management of soil and plant characteristics which control the micronutrient uptake of crops.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the care patterns for radiation therapy and to determine inter-hospital differences for patients with laryngeal carcinoma in Korea. Materials and Methods: A total of 237 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (glottis, 144; supraglottis, 93) assembled from 23 hospitals, who underwent irradiation in the year of 1998 and 1999, were retrospectively analyzed to investigate inter-hospital differences with respect to radiotherapy treatment. We grouped the 23 hospitals based on the number of new patients annually irradiated in 1998; and designated them as group A (${\geq}$900 patients), group B (${\geq}$400 patients and <900 patients), and group C (<400 patients). Results: The median age of the 237 patients was 62 years (range, 25 to 88 years), of which 216 were male and 21 were female. The clinical stages were distributed as follows: for glottis cancer, I; 61.8%, II; 21.5%, III; 4.2%, IVa; 11.1%, IVb; 1.4%, and in supraglottic cancer, I; 4.3%, II; 19.4%, III; 28.0%, IVa; 43.0%, IVb; 5.4%, respectively. Some differences were observed among the 3 groups with respect to the dose calculation method, radiation energy, field arrangement, and use of an immobilization device. No significant difference among 3 hospital groups was observed with respect to treatment modality, irradiation volume, and median total dose delivered to the primary site. Conclusion: This study revealed that radiotherapy process and patterns of care are relatively uniform in laryngeal cancer patients in Korean hospitals, and we hope this nationwide data can be used as a basis for the standardization of radiotherapy for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.619-630
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• 2012

Miscellaneous grain crops has been appeared as a well-being food and the demand of them are increasing recently. It is urgent to study especially about the functional materials of foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum. This experiment was conducted to evaluation and comparison several functional materials of fatty acids, anthocyanin content, total phenol content and DPPH assay of rice, and foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum produced organically so that these results would provide as a basic information for developing functional products by using miscellaneous grain crops. Total content of fatty acids was in order of foxtail millet (0.649%) and common millet (0.33%), sorghum (0.172%) and rice (0.111%) respectively. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was also in order of foxtail millet (0.511%) and common millet (0.269%), sorghum (0.122%) and rice (0.069%) respectively. Although there was no detection of anthocyanin content in rice, foxtail millet and common millet, sorghum showed high content of anthocyanin content. Sorghum of Mongdangsusu showed the highest anthocyanin content (137.5mg/g). In the total phenol content of rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo had high content ($13.70{\mu}g/g$) whereas Daeanbyeo was the lowest content ($10.07{\mu}g/g$). Foxtail millet of Hinchajo, common millet of Byeorukgijang and sorghum of Chalsusu showed the highest total phenol content of $25.8{\mu}g/g$, $69.4{\mu}g/g$ and $682.2{\mu}g/g$ respectively. In the average of total phenol content among rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum showed $12.25{\mu}g/g$, $16.95{\mu}g/g$, $51.01{\mu}g/g$ and $447.4{\mu}g/g$ of total phenol content respectively. The average of total phenol content of sorghum was $26.3{\mu}g/g$. It is 36.3 and 26.3 times higher compared with rice and foxtail millet respectively. In the antioxidant activity of seeds by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay for rice, foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum, rice of Chucheongbyeo, foxtail millet of Ganghywajo and common millet of Geumeungijang showed the highest antioxidant activity with 3.6%, 4.78% and 13.4% respectively. Antioxidant activity of sorghum ranged from 88.47 to 90.11%. The average of antioxidant activity among four crops, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from sorghum (89.50%) and the next was common millet (6.13%), foxtail millet (2.43%), and rice (1.60%) in their order of antioxidant activity. The average of antioxidant activity of sorghum showed 55.9, 37.0 and 15times higher compared with rice, common millet and foxtail millet respectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2007

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: This study analyzed the tumor response, overall survival, progression free survival and related prognostic factors in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer subjected to bladder preserving treatment. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Between August 1995 and June 2004, 37 patients with muscle invasive (transitional cell carcinoma, clinically stage T2-4) bladder cancer were enrolled for the treatment protocol of bladder preservation. There were 33 males and 4 females, and the median age was 67 years (range $38{\sim}86\;years$). Transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) was performed in 17 patients who underwent complete resection. The median radiation dose administered was 64.8 Gy (range $55.8{\sim}67\;Gy$). The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. $\underline{Results}$: An evaluation of the response rate was determined by abdomen-pelvic CT and cystoscopy at three months after radiotherapy. A complete response was seen in 17 patients (46%). The survival rate at three years was 54.7%, with 54 months of median survival (range $3{\sim}91$ months). During the study, 17 patients died and 13 patients had died from bladder cancer. The progression free survival rate at three years was 37.2%. There were 24 patients (64.9%) who had disease recurrence: 16 patients (43.2%) had local recurrence, 6 patients (16.2%) had a distant recurrence, and 2 patients (5.4%) had both a local and distant recurrence. The survival rate (p=0.0009) and progression free survival rates (p=0.001) were statistically significant when compared to the response rate after radiotherapy. $\underline{Conclusion}$: The availability of complete TURB and appropriate chemoradiotherapy were important predictors for bladder preservation and survival.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

Purpose: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was usually performed by the batch assay. To improve the efficiency of RIA without increase of the cost and time, random assay could be a choice. We investigated the possibility of the random assay using automatic dispenser by assessing the agreement between batch assay and random assay. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed with four items; Triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In each item, the sera of twenty patients, the standard, and the control samples were used. The measurements were done 4 times with 3 hour time intervals by random assay and batch assay. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the standard samples and patients' data in T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA were assessed. ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient) and coefficient of correlation were measured to assessing the agreement between two methods. Results: The CVs (%) of T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA measured by batch assay were 3.2$\pm$1.7%, 3.9$\pm$2.1%, 7.1$\pm$6.2%, 11.2$\pm$7.2%. The CVs by random assay were 2.1$\pm$1.7%, 4.8$\pm$3.1%, 3.6$\pm$4.8%, and 7.4$\pm$6.2%. The ICC between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9968 (T3), 0.9973 (fT4), 0.9996 (PSA), and 0.9901 (CEA). The coefficient of correlation between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9924(T3), 0.9974 (fT4), 0.9994 (PSA), and 0.9989 (CEA) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of random assay showed strong agreement with the batch assay in a day. These results suggest that random assay using automatic dispenser could be used in radioimmunoassay.