• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

최근 급격한 도시화로 인한 신도시, 택지개발지구 등의 증가로 기존 구조물 하부를 통과하는 비개착 강관압입공법의 적용이 증가하는 추세이다. 비개착공법은 시공 중 기존구조물의 정상적인 운영 안정성이 확보되어야 하므로 강관압입에 의한 지표침하의 정밀한 예측이 필수적으로 필요한 공법이다. 강관압입 시 침하를 발생시키는 원인은 강관 선단과 강관과의 직경차에 의한 공극, 원활한 강관압입을 위한 과굴착, 강관과 지반과의 마찰에 의한 공극 발생 등이 있으며, 이는 Shield TBM 시공 시 발생하는 침하 원인과 유사하다. 본 연구에서는 Shield TBM의 침하 예측방법인 Gap Parameter Method와 Volume Loss Method를 이용하여 강관압입 시 침하를 예측하였으며, 현장시험을 통하여 예측방법에 대한 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 Volume Loss 예측방법이 현장시험과 가장 유사한 결과로 나타났으나, 추후 예측방법의 Factor 결정 및 비개착공법 전체 침하예측을 위한 적용성 등 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2004

SCP공법(Sand Compaction Pile Method)은 안벽구조물 하부 지반이 연약할 경우에 압밀침하 속도를 증가시키고, 침하를 감소시키며, 지지력을 증가시키기 위하여 널리 적용되어 왔다. 연약지반에 타설 된 모래말뚝과 주변 연약지반으로 구성된 SCP 개량지반 상부에 상부 캐이슨과 상치구조물이 설치됨에 따라, SCP 복합지반에서는 모래말뚝에 의한 즉시침하와 함께 주변 점토지반의 압밀침하가 복합적으로 유발하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 SCP 복합지반에 대한 기존의 탄성침하 및 압밀이론에 근거하여 침하 예측기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 침하모델의 모델정수값들의 산정하기 위하여 유전자 알고리즘에 근거한 역해석 기법을 적용하여 최적화 과정을 수행하였다. 국내 SCP 복합지반에 대한 예제해석을 수행하여 제안된 침하예측기법의 적용성을 검토하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.433-446
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• 2020

In this paper the effect of confining pressure and tunnel depth on the ground vertical settlement has been investigated using particle flow code (PFC2D). For this perpuse firstly calibration of PFC2D was performed using both of tensile test and triaxial test. Then a model with dimention of 100 m × 100 m was built. A circular tunnel with diameter of 20 m was drillled in the middle of the model. Also, a rectangular tunnel with wide of 10 m and length of 20 m was drilled in the model. The center of tunnel was situated 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, 35 m, 40 m, 45 m, 50 m, 55 m and 60 m below the ground surface. these models are under confining pressure of 0.001 GPa, 0.005 GPa, 0.01 GPa, 0.03 GPa, 0.05 GPa and 0.07 GPa. The results show that the volume of colapce zone is constant by increasing the distance between ground surface and tunnel position. Also, the volume of colapce zone was increased by decreasing of confining pressure. The maximum of settlement occurs at the top of the tunnel roof. The maximum of settlement occurs when center of tunnel was situated 15 m below the ground surface. The settlement decreases by increasing the distance between tunnel center line and measuring circles in the ground surface. The minimum of settlement occurs when center of circular tunnel was situated 60 m below the surface ground. Its to be note that the settlement increase by decreasing the confining pressure.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2007

Various difficult problems occur due to insufficient bearing capacity or excessive settlements when constructing roads or large complexes. Accurate predictions on the final settlement and consolidation time can help in choosing the ground improvement method and thus enables to save time and expense of the whole project. Asaoka's method is probably the most frequently used for settlement prediction which are based on Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory. Empirical formulae such as Hyperbolic method and Hoshino's method are also often used. However, it is known that the settlement predicted by these methods do not match with the actual settlements. Furthermore these methods cannot be used at design stage when there is no measured data. To find an elaborate method in predicting settlement in embankments using various test results and actual settlement data from domestic sites, Back-Propagation Neural Network(BPNN) and Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) were employed and the most suitable model structures were obtained. Predicted settlement values by the developed models were compared with the measured values as well as numerical analysis results. Analysis of the results showed that RNN yielded more compatible predictions with actual data than BPNN and predictions using cone penetration resistance were closer to actual data than predictions using SPT results. Also, it was found that the developed method were very competitive with the numerical analysis considering the number of input data, complexity and effort in modelling. It is believed that RNN using cone penetration test results can make a highly efficient tool in predicting settlements if enough field data can be obtained.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.139-148
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• 1994

Rapid industrialization and urbanization caused by the high economic growth of the country requires optimization of land usage as well as the expansion of underground space. Therefore the construction of large and deep basements is inevitable in built up areas where the braced excavation for earth retaining structures may create many problems such as settlement and damages of nearby buildings and underground utilities. In this work, some of major influential factors concerning the stability of braced excavation are investigated and the results are compared with the field observation results. The ground water table, applied strut forces, horezontal wall displacement, infilling materials in the rock joints were found to be the most critical factors influencing the stability of braced walls constructed in the layered ground. Magnituide and type of the wall deformation was closely related to the pattern of the surface settlement. The stability of braced walls are described in terms of strut forces.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

Reliable predictions of the movement of earth retaining structures and the ground adjacent to braced walls in urban excavation are often difficult due to many variable factors. The ground settlement and the damage of adjacent structures in urban excavation has been an important issue. Therefore, the stability of the adjacent structures must be secured with the excavation support and research on the protection of adjacent structure is necessary. This study showed an urban excavation case and introduce observation method for case of damage behavior in urban excavation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2005

일반적으로 느슨한 퇴적지반이나 연약한 점성토 지반의 경우 구조물의 안정성 여부는 주로 침하규준에 의해 지배된다. 따라서 연약지반에 주로 적용, 설치되는 조립토 다짐말뚝은 기초구조물 보강이라는 측면에서 접근할 경우 침하량이 설계를 좌우하는 지배인자가 된다. 현재까지 조립토 다짐말뚝의 침하거동에 대한 대부분의 연구성과들은, 조립토 다짐말뚝이 설치된 지반을 복합지반으로 단순화하여 분석을 수행함으로써, 말뚝의 변형시 주로 발생하는 상부영역의 횡방향 거동을 반영하지 못하고 응력분담비로 표현되는 연직방향의 상대강성 차이와 치환율 만을 고려한다는 제한성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 제한성을 보완하는 데 초점을 두어, 말뚝재료의 강성과 직경 그리고 지반의 연직방향 강성과 함께 지반의 횡방향 변형 등을 종합적으로 고려하는 침하량 평가기법을 제안하였으며, 제안된 침하량 평가기법을 기존의 연구성과들과의 비교를 통해 그 타당성 등을 입증하였다. 아울러 제안된 평가기법을 이용하여 조립토 다짐말뚝의 침하에 영향을 미치는 설계변수에 대한 분석을 시행하였으며, 이를 토대로 조립토 다짐 말뚝의 설계시 주요 고려사항 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

효과적인 연약지반 개량을 위해서는 연약지반 위에 구조물의 축조나 성토를 진행할 시 계측활동을 통하여 지반의 거동특성 및 안정관리를 실시하여야 한다. 연약지반의 여러 현장에서 계측관리가 필요하고 그에 따른 침하량 예측방법을 적용할 때 최종침하량의 정확성이 향상된다. 그러나 이는 실제 지반의 거동과 초기 설계 계획과 많은 차이점을 보이고 있다. 이러한 설계상의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 계측자료를 토대로 장기침하량을 예측하는 방법인 쌍곡선법(Hyperbolic method)를 사용하여 연구대상지역인 전남 영암-해남 연약지반의 계측침하량을 분석하였다. 대상지역의 최종 압밀성토가 종료된 시점부터 계측기간별 압밀도의 변화를 통하여 최종침하량을 예측하였으며, 압밀도의 변화에 따른 최종침하량을 유한요소해석과 현장계측값을 비교·분석하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1255-1276
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• 2015

The importance of considering soil-structure interaction effect in the analysis and design of RC frame buildings is increasingly recognized but still not penetrated to the grass root level owing to various complexities involved. It is well established fact that the soil-structure interaction effect considerably influence the design of multi-storey buildings subjected to lateral seismic loads. The shear walls are often provided in such buildings to increase the lateral stability to resist seismic lateral loads. In the present work, the linear soil-structure analysis of a G+5 storey RC shear wall building frame resting on isolated column footings and supported by deformable soil is presented. The finite element modelling and analysis is carried out using ANSYS software under normal loads as well as under seismic loads. Various load combinations are considered as per IS-1893 (Part-1):2002. The interaction analysis is carried out with and without shear wall to investigate the effect of inclusion of shear wall on the total and differential settlements in the footings due to deformations in the soil mass. The frame and soil mass both are considered to behave in linear elastic manner. It is observed that the soil-structure interaction effect causes significant total and differential settlements in the footings. Maximum total settlement in footings occurs under vertical loads and inner footings settle more than outer footings creating a saucer shaped settlement profile of the footings. Each combination of seismic loads causes maximum differential settlement in one or more footings. Presence of shear wall decreases pulling/pushing effect of seismic forces on footings resulting in more stability to the structures.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1988

The use of geotextile as reinforcing materials in soil structures has become widespread throughout the world. Geotextile reinforcement has been used in retaining walls, roadbed, embankment stabilization and especially reinforcement of soft foundation, and so on, In the past, however, its design and construction have been performed empirically. In this study, laboratory model tests were carried out in order to investigate the effects of geotextile rein- forcement on vertical and horizontal displacement and other characteristics in soft founda- tions. The experiments were executed in eight treatments ;no geotextile between embank - ment and subsoils, and seven geotextiles with different tensile strength. And such factors as the loading conditions, the tensile strength of geotextiles, the ingredient of geotextiles and the elapsed time were investigate in this study. And the analytical method were executed in order to study the stress and behavior of geotextile - reinforced soil structure by the nonlinear elasto - plastic finite element model. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. 1. Geotextile reinforcement reduced the effects of banking loads on subsoils more effectively with the increase of their tensile strength. 2. As the tensile strength of geotextiles was increase, the rate of the initial vertical disp - lacements of loading plate was reduced inverse proportional to loads, Rowever, the effect of loading was reduced when the loads exceed a certain limits, 3. The effect of reinforcement of nonwoven geotextile was 1.5-4.5 times larger than that of the woven geotextile with equivalent tensile strength. 4. The increased bearing capacity and the reduced settlement are proportioned as the tensile strength of geotextile. 5. The settlement at the long time loading were developed almost all, were completed after 10 days and the additional settlement were not developed since then. 6. The nonlinear elasto - plastic finite element method are accurate to predict the stresses and behayior of geotextile - reinforced soil structures.