• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active abduction exercise of the great toe on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones in hallux valgus (HV) patients by measuring radiography. Methods: In this study 27 young subjects were separated into two groups (normal group and HV group). Two pictures were taken by radiography while maintaining resting and while holding maximal active abduction of the great toe in sitting position on an x-ray table. All radiographs were used to measure the distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bone from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone, respectively. Paired t-test was used for analysis of the resting and active abduction exercise in groups. Independent t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance between normal group and HV group. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In active abduction exercise of the normal group, distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones was not significantly different compared to resting condition. In active abduction exercise of the HV group, change of distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones showed statistically significant difference compared to resting condition. The distance between the medial sesamoid bone showed a more significant decrease in the HV vs. normal group, while the distance between the lateral sesamoid bone was significantly greater in the HV vs. normal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that active abduction exercises, to reduce or prevent deterioration of the HV angle, should be considered for sesamoid bone displacement to improve muscle balance in the great toe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2021

Sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are normal anatomic variants with varying morphological appearances and incidences. They are usually small osseous fragments with well-corticated margins located adjacent to the joint space and bone. Patients with sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are usually asymptomatic and commonly encountered in clinical practice. These sesamoids and accessory bones are occasionally painful because of fractures, dislocations, degenerative changes, avascular necrosis, accessory bone infections, or abnormalities of the adjacent tissue, such as nerve entrapment, tenosynovitis, or soft tissue impingement. This article aimed to illustrate the imaging features of symptomatic sesamoids bones and accessory ossicles at various anatomic locations and describe their clinical features and radiological differential diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2013

The hallucal interphalangeal sesamoid bone is usually asymptomatic, but it is not uncommon for it to be symptomatic in cases of undue pressure, overuse, or trauma. Even in symptomatic cases, however, patients often suffer for extended periods due to misdiagnosis, resulting in depression and anxiety that can steadily worsen to the extent that symptoms are sometimes mistaken for a somatoform disorder. Dynamic ultrasound-guided evaluations can be an effective means of detecting symptomatic sesamoid bones, and a simple injection of a small dose of local anesthetics mixed with steroids is an easily performed and effective treatment option in cases, for example, of tenosynovitis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2006

Purpose: Frequency of sesamoid bone on hallucal interphalangeal joint has been described to be low probability in orthopaedic and anatomical literature. We have, however, experienced two cases of interphalangeal joint dislocation giving difficulty to usual manipulative reduction because of presence of sesamoid bone recently. In order to ascertain existence of sesamoid bone on interphalangeal joint of hallux in Korean adults, radiological study have been performed with feet of patients Materials and Methods: Between May 2003 and October 2006, 974 patients with 1098 radiographs of feet which were reached skeletal maturity over 18-year-old were examined. Unilateral or bilateral anteroposterior, lateral and oblique radiographs were observed by one same person and presence was recorded if there was sesamoid in films. Distance of long and short axes were measured in lateral view and cases of two sesamoids in interphalangeal joint were recorded. Statistical differences between left and right side or between men and women were evaluated by chi-square test. Results: Frequency of sesamoid was 980 cases (89.3%) and no occurrence in 118 cases (10.7%). Two sesamoids were observed in 3 cases. Average distance of long axis was 4.9 mm (range, 0.5-11.4) and average distance of short axis was 3.5 mm (range, 0.3-9.3). Unilateral sesamoid was observed in 7 patients (5.6%), bilateral absence was 7 patients (5.6%) and bilateral sesamoids in 110 patients (88.8%) out of 124 patients who took bilateral feet radiographs. Men has less frequency than women significantly (p=0.014) while there was no significant difference in frequency according to side(p>0.05). Conclusion: Sesamoid bone was seen in 980 feet (89.3%) out of 1098 normal Korean radiological studies of feet. We report 3 cases of two seamoids which was extremely rarely reported in literature. Korean frequency is similar with Japanese, but much higher than Caucasians and black Africans.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.140-144
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• 2016

Osteochondroma is one of the most common bone tumors. It can occur anywhere, although it is most frequent mainly around the metaphysis of long bones. Prediction sites are distal femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia, and so on. However, osteochondroma in sesamoid is very rare. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman with symptomatic extra-articular osteochondroma in hallucal sesamoid with a brief literature review.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.120-123
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• 2020

Heterotopic ossification is the formation of extra-skeletal bone in the muscle and soft tissues, and an osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor composed of compact or mature trabecular bone limited almost exclusively to the craniofacial bones. This paper reports an extremely rare case of heterotopic ossification mimicking an osteoma that occurred independently at the plantar side of the medial sesamoid bone. The patient was a 46-year-old male with a three-month history of pain and a hard mass on the plantar aspect of the left forefoot sole. After excising the lesion, the patient's symptoms were relieved, and no pain or complications occurred. This paper discusses this exceedingly rare case of heterotopic ossification around the medial sesamoid bone with a review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-183
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• 1987

The anatomical structure of the Skeleton of thoracic limb of thirty-one adult Korean native goats(body weight: 14~17kg) was observed after skeletal preparation, and the osteometry was performed in each bone. The results were as follows; 1. The thoracic limb of the Korean native goat was composed of scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges and sesamoid bones. 2. The scapula was flat and triangular in shape. There were no distinct tuber of spine and acromion in the spine. The subscapular fossa was deep and triangular in shape and the vertebral border was sigmoid form. The coracoid bone was formed as the coracoid process at the medial aspect of the supraglenoid tubercle but the clavicle wa.s not observed. The left and right scapular indexes were 57.92 and 58.31 and the glenoid cavity indexes were 89.23 and 86.82, respectively. 3. The greater tubercle of the humerus was devided into cranial and caudal parts. The third tubercle was observed and the face for the infraspinatus muscle was rectangular form. The left and right humerus indexes were 32.44 and 32.63, the head indexes were 94.13, 96.62 and the trochlear-epidondyle indexes were 67.32 and 65.81, respectively. 4. The radius and ulna were fused entirely except at the broad proximal and narrow distal interosseous spaces. The ulna was longer than the radius, and its reduced body and distal end were fused at the caudomedial surface of the radius. 5. The carpal bones were six in number. There were radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory, second-third and fourth carpal hones in carpal bones. 6. The metacarpal bone was composed of a large metacarpal bone resulted from the fusion of the third and fourth metacarpal bones, and there was a metacarpal tubercle at the dorsolateral part of the proximal end. There were no vestiges of the second and fifth metacarpal bones. 7. The digits were composed of third and fourth digits and each digit was composed of the proximal, middle and distal phalanges. 8. The sesamoid bones were six in number. There were two at the fetlock joint and one at the coffine joint palmarly in each digit. 9. The ratios of the lengths among the scapula, humerus, antebrachium and metacarpal bone were 1.42 : 1.47 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the left and 1.42 : 1.45 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the right, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

An abnormal female Korean native calf at five months age with five legs was observed macroscopically and radiographically. External features included two normal forelimbs, and hindlimbs, and an abnormal forelimb which was underdeveloped. A rudimentary forelimb, which was attached to the pectoral region, was observed at the right axillary part. The extra forelimb was scapural and humeral meromelia. It consisted of an underdeveloped forearm (antebrachium), several carpal bones (three bones), large metacarpal bone (Mc. 3 + 4), and two digits with two hoofs. The proximal, middle and distal phalanges, proximal and distal sesamoid bones are normal.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the radiographic changes in forefoot geometry with weight-bearing. Materials and Methods: The forefoot radiographs of 100 normal Korean adults, 50 male and 50 female volunteers, were evaluated both in nonweight-bearing and weight-bearing. The mean age was 27 years with range of 21-39 years. Those with normal feet were selected from volunteers having no history of foot problems or other musculoskeletal diseases. Results: The changes of measured angle between phalanges and metatarsals with weight-bearing were as follows; Hallux valgus angle was noted to increase in 20% of the feet, decrease in 59%, and remained unchange in 21%. Intermetatarsal angle $1{\sim}2$ was noted to increase in 76% of the feet, decrease in 3%, and remained unchange in 21%. Intermetatarsal angle $1{\sim}5$ was noted to increase in 95% and remained unchange in 5%. Shift in medial sesamoid on weight-bearing was also not consistent. Lateral shift was noted in 27%, no shift in 66%, medial shift in 7%. Conclusion: The generalized concept that the angles between bones and shift of medial sesamoid in the forefoot will change consistently with weightbearing was not found.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.381-384
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• 2016

Purpose: Previous studies reported changes in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint angle in relation with and without weight bearing, but it is unclear whether sesamoid bone of the great toe changes in weight bearing conditions particularly in subjects with hallux valgus (HV). To investigate how weight bearing conditions can affect the position of the medial sesamoid bone (MSB), first MTP joint angle, and second intermetatarsal angle (IMA) in the recruited subjects. Methods: Subjects were recruited 24 with HV and 21 without HV in study. X-rays were taken in the weight bearing and non-weight bearing conditions. The distance of the MSB, first MTP joint angle, and second IMA were measured from the radiographs. Data were analyzed by paired and Independent t-test. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In both groups, the first MTP joint angles and the distance of the MSB were significantly smaller, while the second IMA was significantly greater in the weight bearing condition. The difference in the distance of the MSB between the two postures was significantly greater in the group with HV. Conclusion: Weight bearing can affect the first MTP joint angle, second IMA, and position of the MSB; the change in the position of the MSB in weight bearing was greater in the group with hallux valgus. The difference in these variables between weight bearing and non-weight bearing conditions may be considered when measuring HV.