• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out specific proteins from different organs of Clonorchis sinensis. Crude extract, organ-specific and excretory-secretory (ES) proteins were analyzed by immunoblot with infected human sera. The bands of 7- and 17 -kDa were main component of intestinal fluid and ES protein and commonly found in all organ-specific proteins. The 17-kDa protein was observed from ES antigen, intestinal fluid, eggs and sperms, 26- and 28-kDa proteins were from the uterus, vitellaria, and ovary, and 34-, 37-, 43- and 50-kDa proteins were mainly from the testis and sperms. Serum of mice immunized with sperms reacted to the 50-kDa protein by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining showed a positive reaction at the seminal receptacle and seminiferous tubule. The present results show that the 7-kDa protein is a common antigen of every part or organ of C. sinensis, but different organs express their specific antigenic protein bands.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

While saliva can be considered as good biological fluid for monitoring biomarkers due to many advantages including its communication with blood and the non-invasive nature during its sampling, its applications to that purpose is still limited. As a part of efforts to expand the applications of saliva to the protein biomarker research, we carried out global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva (WS) by bottom-up proteomics techniques mainly based on nLC-Q-IMS-TOF employing $MS^E$. From the analyses of a pooled WS sample collected from 22 healthy Korean volunteers, 93 proteins ranging from $5.89{\times}10^1ng/mL$ (immunoglobulin heavy chain) to $1.59{\times}10^4ng/mL$ (${\alpha}-amylase$ 1) were confirmed. For the validation of the present results, human serum albumin in the same sample was quantitated by ELISA and its result was compared with that from the nLC-Q-IMS-TOF study. As a result, there was no significant difference between two results from individual approaches ($1.18{\times}10^4{\pm}0.03{\times}10^4 ng/mL$ from nLC-Q-IMS-TOF experiments vs. $1.23{\times}10^4{\pm}0.07{\times}10^4ng/mL$ from ELISA experiments, n=3, p=0.309). To our knowledge, this is the first global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva and information from the present study can be widely used as the first level reference for the discovery of new protein biomarkers from human whole saliva as well as for quantitative applications of human whole saliva proteins.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1995

A few researchers have reported that major depression may be associated with higher levels of positive acute phase proteins(APPs), such as haptoglobin(Hp), ${\alpha}1$-antitrypsin(${\alpha}1AT$), ceruloplasmin(Cp) and lower levels of negative APPs(visceral proteins), such as albumin(Alb) and transferrin(Tf). Elevated levels of positive APPs and a drop in negative APPs constitute important indicators of immune activation. This study was designed to investigate whether altered serum concentrations of positive APPs and of negative APPs reflect the state of depression. Twenty patients who fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder and for dysthymic disorder and twelve normal healthy controls were included. The authors measured positive APPs(Hp, ${\alpha}1AT$, Cp) and negative APPs(Alb, Tf) using rate nephelometry and bromcresol green method. 1) There were significant increases of ${\alpha}1AT$, Cp in major depressed patients as compared with normal controls. Trends towards higher Hp and lower Alb, Tf in major depressed patients were observed. 2) No significant difference of APPs concentrations between dysthymic patients and normal controls was found. 3) Severity of depression(HDRS, BDI score) was related to Hp, Cp, ${\alpha}1AT$ value positively. Our findings are partially compatible with the hypothesis that major depression may be accompanied by acute phase response with higher levels of positive APPs and lower levels of negative APPs.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation and purification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis mellifera was selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crude venom from this species was purified by using gel filtration chromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecular weights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtained from 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests were conducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values of BV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting was not observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations $(SDs)={\pm}0.71$; however, clotting was observed in the control group 13.8 s, $SDs={\pm}0.52$. Thus, BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulation factors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands with molecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa), respectively. The $LD_{50}$ of the crude BV was found to be $177.8{\mu}g/mouse$. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. The fraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteins that are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, such as phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$ and melittin, and that can increase the blood clotting times in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1987

The partition coefficient of the proteins of known effective hydrophobicity was determined in a poly (ethylene glycol)-dextran aqueous two-phase system. The changes in the partition coefficient was also determined when a fraction of PEG-palmitate (PEG-P) was added to the system. The partition coefficient of the proteins increased as the concentrations of PEG and dextran increased at a constant phase volume ration irrespective of the effective hydrophobicity of the proteins. When small amounts of PEG-P were added to the PEG phase, the partition coefficients of BSA and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, which had relative hydrophobicity (RI) of 700 and 120, respectively, increased more than ten-fold, whereas ovalbumin whose RI was 5 showed little change. The drastic increases m the partition coefficient were observed by the addition of PEG-P in 2% level to the PEG system. Addition of PEG-P over 5% level resulted in a slight further increase in the partition coefficient of all proteins tested.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1981

It has been already suggested that specific macromolecules in follicular fluid produced by granulosa cells may play a role in suppressing further meiotic maturation of the oocytes. In general, the search for specific macromolecules in follicular fluid using immunological methods has not been rewarding. These studies were designed, by applying more effective immunological methods than conventionally employed, (l) to identify whether some unknown macromolecules are present in the porcine follicular fluid or not, and (2) to clarify the relationship between the oocytes and the specific macromolecules in the follicular fluid. The results obtained were as follows; (1) porcine follicular fluid contained two specific proteins, which were not present in pig plasma and serum. (2) each of two proteins showed electrophoretically fast alpha-globulin and beta-globulin mobilities. (3) these proteins seemed to have inhibitory effect on the maturation of mouse oocytes in vitro. From these results, it can be assumed that pig follicular fluid contains specific proteins which seem to be intra-follicular inhibitor(s) of oocyte maturation.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

In case of tissue invading nematode, proteolytic enzyme was required at their parasitic life. Proteinases obtained from these parasites(Toxocara canis, Ansakis spp. and Trichinella spiralis) were extracted, isolated and further purified. And then the analysis for activity and inhibitory effect of proteinases were performed by appropriate substrate. Determination of protein as a circulating antigen was done in use of infected animal serum with above parasites, respectively. For above experimental objects, following procedures were performed. First, enzymatic activity was measured in use of azocasein and inhibitory effect of porteinase were studied by various inhibitors. Second, partially purified proteins containing enzymatic activity were obtained by ion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration and electrophoretic elution. Third, role of the partially purified protein as a circulating antigen. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Enzymatic activity of each nematode proteinase was varied according to pH. Optimal pH of Toxocara canis, Ansakis spp. and Trichinella spiralis were pH 6.0, pH 5.5 and pH 6.5, respectively. The optimal molarity of buffer was 0.1M phosphate buffer. Although little difference between these proteinases was observed, temperature stability was at least maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ until 5 days. 2. In case of Ansakis spp. and Toxocara canis, enzymatic activity of these proteinases was considerably inhibited by Leupeptin and EDTA. For maximum enzymatic activity of above proteinases, it was required that cysteine residue of enzyme should be protected. And it was suggested that metallo type was contained in enzyme active site. Proteinase of Trichinella spiralis contained metallo type also. 3. Although partial purification was performed in Ansakis spp. and Toxocara canis, proteins maintaining enzymatic activity were identified as a circulating antigen. From SDS-PAGE and immunoblot, 25 kDa was presented in Ansakis spp.. Specific antigen of Toxocara cains was 110 kDa protein fraction. 55 and 42 kDa proteins were reacted with normal serum. Trichinella spiralis 60 kDa protein fraction was successfully purified from excretory materials in culture. As a result of immune-reaction with Trichinella spiralis infected serum, highly purified 60 kDa protein was maintained antigenicity until final purification step.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1964

The ratios of cattle and swine serum proteins taken from the slaughter house were studied by Paper Electrophoresis. 1. Of 79 cattle and 53 swine, 49 cattle and 32 swine were observed in this studying as normal animals, the rest which was over 60% of albumin, globulin values and 1/2 of A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio was observed separately as abnormalities, because physiological examination was not made before slaughter. The ratios of the normal serum proteins were A (albumin) 58.8, ${\alpha}$(alpha-globulin) 13.7, ${\beta}$(beta-globulin) 11.9, ${\gamma}$(gamma-globulin) 28.6, G(total globulin) 49.2, A/G 1.03 in cattle and A 48.4, ${\alpha}$ 18.0, ${\beta}$ 13.6, ${\gamma}$ 20.0, G 51,6, A/G 0.93 in swine, the result including abnormalities showed A 45.5, ${\alpha}$ 14.8, ${\beta}$ 12.5, ${\gamma}$ 26.7, G 54.5, A/G 0.83 in cattle and A 44.5, ${\alpha}$ 19.8, ${\beta}$ 13.7, ${\gamma}$ 21.8, G 55.3, A/G 0.80 in Swine. 2. The A/G ratio of cattle and swine were 1.03 and 0.93 respectively, the A/G ratio of Korean cattle and swine are higher than the ration reported of others. Although A/G ratio of swine was below 1.00, and its value showed slightly higher than the others. The A/G ratio in this result including the abnormalities was relatively low but this ratio was higher than that values obtained by other reporters. 3. Twenty nine percent of cattles and 34 per cent of swines in this study, fluctuation of A/G ratio was great. The values of ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ globulins thought to be influenced by the amount of total globulin except ${\beta}$-globulin in swine. To obtain more occurate results, more sample size is required, in other hand some animals that is in subclinical condition might influence the values of this study. 4. The ratios of each fraction mobility which were regarded albumin as 100 were A 100, ${\alpha}$ 73, ${\beta}$ 47, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Cattle and A 100, ${\alpha}$ 71, ${\beta}$ 46, ${\gamma}$ 30 in Swine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to describe the nutritional status of lacto-ovo vegetarian college male students related food habits, nutrient intake, food analysis, blood content and blood pressure. This survey was conducted at Korean Union College June 13 through 20 in 1982 (7days), and the questionnaires were designed to find out the food habits for 113 men students. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) They often use whole cereals, vegetables, pulses, nuts and fung; they don't use seasonings or animal foods. 2) It seemed that vegetarian's personalities were stable and they had good endurance. 3) All nutrients were taken sufficiently, and the ratios of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were 70, 16, 14 respectively. 4) No one had anemia prevalences of Hb, Hct, or serum Iron compared with the anemic criteria of W.H.O. The mean value of serum cholesterol was 126 mg%. 5) The mean value of blood pressure was 72/110 mmHg.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1994

'Heterogeneous' vapor diffusion experiments were carried out using hen egg white Iysozyme and equine serum albumin as model proteins: droplets were equilibrated against reservoir solutiorls containing an alternative precipitant which is different from results showed that the use of polyethylene glycol as an alternative precipitant instead of NaCl or ammonium sulfate reduces equilibration rate between droplet and reservoir solution. By using the heterogeneous vapor diffusion techniqlue it is possible to control the equilibration rate by adjusting the relative amounts of ionic salts and nonionic yecipitants in reservoir solutions.