• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.537-551
• /
• 1994

The dietry effects of marine n-3, plant n-3 and plant n-6 fatty acid on serum lipids levels, liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in rat were investigated. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 weeks old, were fed on one of 4 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 15% fat(w/w) of either concentrated EPA oil(20:5, n-3 : 65%), fish oil(20:5, n-3 : 19%, 22:6, n-3 : 18%), perilla oil(18:3, n-3 : 60%) or corn oil(18:2, n-6 : 49%). Blood was initially taken before experimental feeding and also taken after 2 weeks and 4 weeks feeding the diet respectively and then examined for the levels of serum lipids. Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the diet for the analysis of liver phospholipid fatty acid. EPA feeding remarkably decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid than any other oil feeding. Fish oil feeding decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level comparable to the effect of EPA feeding and decreased total cholesterol and phospholipid less than but close to the effect of EPA feeding. Perilla oil feeding did not change serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid, but it decreased serum total cholesterol a lot and HDL-cholesterol a little. Corn oil feeding did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol while it increased serum level of HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased only in corn oil group. But contrary to the result of serum total phospholipid, liver phospholipid level found to be higher in fish oil and EPA groups than in perilla oil and corn groups. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) turned out to be affected by dietary fatty acid. 18:2 of liver PC was the lowest in FO group following CO group. The ratio of 20:4/18:2 was lower in PO group than in EPA group in consequence of higher 18:2 and lower 20:4 in PO group and vise versa in EPA group. In the liver PC and PE, similar trends in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and 20:4/18 were found showing higher ratios with CO and EPA group over FO and PO group. EPA group showed the lowest level of 20:5 and lower level of 20:6 than group. Fish oil was more efficient than EPA oil and PO in lowering the ratio of n-6/n-3 in consequence of the highest 22:6, and the lowest 18:2 in liver phospholipid. But PO lowers the ratio or 20:4/18 more than FO. In conclusion, EPA oil was more effective in lowering serum lipids than FO and PO. Reviewing the dietary effect of fatty acid on eicosanoids composition in rats, it is considered that more possibility was with FO than PO in the effectiveness of atherosclerosis prevention and more with PO than with EPA oil. It was also found that FO showed more effective than EPA oil for atherosclerosis prevention. It was hardly found that CO had any effect on lowering serum lipids and on eicosanoids composition in liver phospholipid for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2007

This study was done to investigate the health-related habits, dietary intakes and serum lipid levels in overweight and obese women by body mass index(BMI). Subjects were 137 pre-menopausal women aged 19 to 49 years. They were divided by 3 groups, overweight($23{\leqq}BMI<25$), obese($25{\leqq}BMI<30$) and morbidly obese($BMI{\geq}30$) according to their BMI. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) method. Dietary intakes were examined by 3-day record method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professionals(CAN-pro 3.1). Serum lipid levels were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer(Selectra E). The average age, height weight and BMI of subjects were 31.7 years old, 159.3cm, 69.4kg, and $27.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy were 1712kca1 and 86.4% of estimated energy requirement(EER). Their mom ratio of carbohydrate:protein:fat was 55.2:14.6:30.2. Particularly, the fat consumption of subjects tended to be elevated with increasing BMI. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes among 3 groups. But the mom intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin C and Na of all the subjects were 70.1%, 81.2%, 75.7% of recommended intake(RI) and 258.9% of adequate intake(AI), respectively, The intakes of vegetables and seaweeds were significantly higher in morbidly obese group while the intake of fruits was higher in overweight group compared to the other groups. Serum lipid analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol among the groups. But the serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the other groups. In addition, The systolic blood pressure of morbidly obese group was significantly higher compared to the other groups. Overall data suggest that morbidly obese women have to more concern about reducing systolic blood pressure and nm lipid levels by decreasing their fat consumption and salt intakes as well as loosing body fat. In addition, all the subjects participated in this study have to be careful about their meals and health-related behaviors in order to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 2017

Fish muscles are classified into white and red muscles, and the chemical composition of the two fish muscles have many differences. Few reports have assessed the health-promoting functions of white fish muscle proteins (WFP) and red fish muscle proteins (RFP). We therefore evaluated the mechanisms underlying the alteration of lipid profiles and cholesterol metabolism following the intake of WFP prepared from cod and RFP prepared from light muscles of tuna. Male Wistar rats were divided into six dietary groups: casein (23%), WFP (23%), and RFP (23%), with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. Compared to the WFP-containing diet, the RFP-containing diet supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholate significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol contents. However, in the RFP groups, an alteration in cholesterol metabolism including an increased tendency to excrete fecal sterols and hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase was related to the reduction of hepatic cholesterol contents. This phenomenon might be related to the tendency of an increased food intake in RFP-containing diets. These results highlight the differential effects of WFP and RFP on serum and liver lipid profiles of Wistar rats fed non-cholesterol- or cholesterol-containing diets under no fasting condition.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.1364-1369
• /
• 2003

해조 올리고당 함유 음료, 해조 음료 소재 및 해조 추출물 제품을 식이성 고지혈증을 유발시킨 실험동물에 처리하여 체중 증가, 혈중 지질성분 및 간 지질성분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 시험하였다. 식이성 고지혈증을 유도한 흰쥐에 해조 음료 및 해조 추출물 제품을 7일간 투여한 결과, 현저하게 증가되던 체중이 감소하였으며, 체중 대 간장의 무게비도 식이성 고지혈증 유도군에 비해 감소하였다. 혈청중 중성 지질 및 인지질의 함량은 식이성 고지혈증의 유도로 증가되던 것이 해조 음료 및 해조 추출물 제품의 투여로 감소되었으며, 식이성 고지혈증에 의한 혈청중 total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol및 동맥경화지수도 해조올리고당의 투여로서 조절되었다. 고지혈증의 유도로 증가되었던 간장 중의 총지질은 해조 음료 및 다시마 추출 음료의 투여로 현저히 감소되었으며, 지질 성분중에서 cholesterol의 함량은 혈청에서와 마찬가지로 크게 감소하였고, 중성 지질(TG, triglyceride)의 함량은 해조 올리고당 음료 식이로 30%와 다시마 추출 음료 식이로 45% 정도가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.888-898
• /
• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance exercise by using dumbell on the body com-position, serum hormone profiles and feeding patterns in young and healthy female students with over 30% of body fat, aged 22 years in Masan, Korea. The subjects were all six, performed successfully the entire exercise-program. Anthropometry, serum lipid and neurohormone profiles of subjects were analyzed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after exercise. And also their food and nutrient intakes were self-reported by 3-day record and food frequency questionnaire. Triceps skinfold-thickness of the subject students significantly reduced after the exercise to 46% less than before (p < 0.002) . The serum concentrations of leptin, insulin and catecholamine appeared to decrease steadily, but not significantly. Total protein in serum increased significantly (p<0.05), and Na (p<0.005), K (p<0.001) and Fe (p<0.058) concentrations increased remarkably within the normal range. The 8-week resistance exercise tended to induce fiber consumption (p<0.089) of subject students and changed the P/M/S ratio changed into the desirable way from 0.8 : 1 : 1 to 1 : 1 : 1, and that of n-6/n-3 PUPA from 11 : 1 to 6 : 1. After taking exercise, the intake frequency of cookies (p<0.058) and raymeun (p<0.085) decreased, but finally this feeding pattern returned to the way as before even though at marginal significance. Consequently the resistance exercise may induce the desirable changes of body fat and improve serum lipid profiles and feeding patterns in young obese females.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 2002

Purpose of this study was to compare serum phospholipid fatty acid composition of obese children with that of normal weight children reside in Kangnung area. Subjects were consisted of 56(41 boys and 15 girls) moderately or severely obese elementary school children, and age and sex-matched normal weight children as a control group. Level of serum phospholipid fatty acids was measured by thin layer chromatography(TLC) followed by gas chromatography(GLC). for male subjects, serum triglyceride(121 $\pm$ 4.7mg/dl) and total cholesterol(180 $\pm$ 37.1mg/dl) concentrations were significantly(p < 0.05) higher in obese group than those for control group(81.5 $\pm$ 2.5mg/dl and 161 $\pm$ 32.0mg/dl, respectively). Obese group showed significantly higher percentage of serum phospholipid myristic acid(C14:0) than the value for control group in both male and female subjects. Obese male subjects had significantly higher percentages of palmitoleic acid(16 : 1), oleic acid(18 : 1), dihomo-${\gamma}$-linoleic acid(20 : 3, $\omega$6) and docosatetraenoic acid(22 : 4, $\omega$6), and lower percentages of eicosenoic acid(20 : 1, $\omega$6), docosapentaenoic acid(22 : 5, $\omega$6), EPA(22 : 5, $\omega$3) and DHA (22 : 6, $\omega$3) compared to values for control male subjects. For male subjects, obese group showed significantly higher ratios of 16 : 1($\omega$9)/16 : 0 and 18 : 1($\omega$9)/18 : 0, and significantly lower ratios of 22 : 5($\omega$6)/22 4($\omega$6), and 22 : 6($\omega$3)/22 : 5($\omega$3) compacted to values for the control group. But there was not significant differences in elongation and desaturation indices of serum phospholipids fatty acid metabolism between obese and control group in female subjects. Most of anthropometric measurements related to obesity were negatively correlated with the percentages of PUFA, $\omega$3 fatty acids or DHA(22 : 6, $\omega$3), and positively correlated with the percentage of myristic acid(14 : 0) or $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of PUFA or $\omega$3 fatty acids, and positively correlated with $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. These results indicate that obesity related changes in blood lipid levels and metabolism are more significant in male subjects than in female subjects. Also changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid composition observed in obese children appear to demonstrate the increased susceptibility of these children to cardiovascular disease and other related chronic diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2004

배로부터 polyphenol 화합물군을 분리 및 정제하여5주간 고지방식이를 한 후, 혈장 및 간장에서의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 혈장에서는 배의 polyphenol 화합물군 PR-II에서 총지질, 총콜레스테롤이 유의성 있게 감소하였다 또한 간장에서는 총지질, 중성지질이 대조군에 비해서 유의성 있는 결과가 나타났다 5주 동안 고지방 식이를 한 후 분변을 채취하여 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질을 측정한 결과 배에서 추출한 polyphenol화합물 군이 고지방식이만을 섭취시킨 대조군에 비해 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 배의 polyphenol 화합물군을 섭취시킨 후 총단백질과 알부민 함량을 측정한 결과 대조군과 실험군에서 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.699-707
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 대두청국장, 약콩청국장 및 흑미, 흑임자, 다시마와 같은 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장이 STZ으로 유도된 당뇨 쥐의 간 기능과 지질조성에 미치는 영향을 비교한 후, 당뇨병과 같은 생활 습관병의 예방과 합병증을 낮추기 위한 식이요법으로 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장식이 섭취에 대한 근거 자료를 마련 할 목적으로 실시하였다. 실험군으로는 정상식이군(Control), 당뇨 정상식이군(Diabetic), 당뇨 대두청국장 식이군(DSC), 당뇨 약콩청국장 식이군(DYC), 그리고 당뇨 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 식이군(DYCB)로 나누어 7주간 실험식이를 공급 한 후 혈청과 간 조직 내 간 기능 지표 및 지질조성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐의 일일 체중 증가량과 사료효율이 감소되었으며, 이때 식이로 공급한 청국장식이 공급은 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 간 기능 지표로 GOT와 GPT 활성 모두 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 청국장식이 공급으로 높아진 활성을 조절할 수 있었다. 총 빌리루빈 함량은 역시 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 증가되었으나 약콩청국장 및 블랙푸드가 첨가된 약콩청국장 식이의 공급으로 낮출수 있었다. 또한 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 고지혈 증상과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수가 증가된 반면에 HDL-콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량의 감소를 보였다. 그러나 청국장식이 공급으로 다소 호전된 결과를 얻었다. 특히 간 조직 내 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 조절은 대두 청국장에 비해 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 약콩청국장과 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 사이에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서 당뇨에 의해 유발 될 수 있는 간 기능, 고지혈증 그리고 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 개선에 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장분말 식이 섭취가 다소 도움을 줄 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.493-501
• /
• 2008

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidmic effects of sea oak(Eisenia bicyclis, EB) in the diabetic state and to examine the appropriateness of formulated EB pill for the effects. The various test materials obtained from EB were included in the experimental diets with 15% fat/0.5% cholesterol and fed to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice weighing $35.0{\pm}0.7$ g for three weeks but not in the control diet having the same composition. The test materials were EB dry powder, water and ethanol extracts, viscozyme-treated EB water extract(EB enzyme-TR) and formulated pill containing dry powders of the EB, two kinds of seaweed, black soybean, sesame, onion and garlic. BG was measured during feeding period and serum insulin, lipids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and intestinal disaccharidase activities were measured at the end of the three weeks of the feeding. BG increase was lower in the EB enzyme-TR group after 10 days of the experimental diet but lower in EB pill group after 15 days compared with the control group. Serum insulin levels were higher in the EB enzyme-TR and EB pill groups. Intestinal maltase but not sucrase activity was higher in EB enzyme-TR fed group than the control group. Serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced by the EB enzyme-TR and EB pill compared with the control diet. HDL-/total cholesterol was increased by all EB test materials. Serum TBARS levels were lower in the EB ethanol extract and EB pill groups than in the control group and tended to be lower in the other EB groups. It is concluded that the EB enzyme-TR is the best among the EB preparations to be utilized as a functional component for improving blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic subjects in the future. However, the pill containing low level of the EB powder is also regarded as effective and readily usable when formulated with the several other ingredients of the proper composition.(Supported by the RIC Program of MOCIE, Korea).