• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.638-641
• /
• 2006

Iron is the required microelement supporting life and is the main component of hemoglobin. Thus iron has affinity with exercise capacity. Iron metabolism turbulence induced by exercise is one of causes of hematopoietic hypofunction. Results of the experiment showed that long-term treadmill exercise of progressive loading significantly decreased levels of erythrocyte indexes, serum iron, serum ferritin and significantly increased serum transferrin level. Nutrition supplement could significantly retard the variations, and Exercise +Nutrition group have higher levels of erythrocyte indexes, serum iron, serum ferritin and lower level of serum transferrin than Exercise group. The results indicated that nutrition supplement have function of prevent and cure on iron metabolism turbulence induced by exercise, furthermore significantly enhance hemoglobin level in rats.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.248-256
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become an important public health issue because of its high prevalence and severity. Several noninvasive methods for estimating NAFLD are under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum ferritin as a biomarker of severity of pediatric NAFLD patients. Methods: A total of 64 NAFLD patient were enrolled from Severance Children's Hospital from March 2010 to February 2013. Serum ferritin levels, liver related laboratory tests, liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (2-dimensional [2D] proton density-fat fraction) and NAFLD severity markers were compared between obese group and overweight group. Correlation analyses were performed between serum ferritin and laboratory values including NAFLD severity markers. Results: In obese group, serum ferritin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), MRI 2D proton density-fat fraction, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis- 4 (FIB-4) (an index score calculated from platelet count, ALT, AST and age) were significantly higher than those of overweight group. NAFLD severity markers, APRI and FIB-4, and liver specific important laboratory values, AST, ALT, INR, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein show significant correlation with serum ferritin in NAFLD patients. Conclusion: Serum ferritin concentrations could be a candidate of useful severity marker in the pediatric NAFLD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 1998

This paper has studied the nutritional iron status of adults in the city of Taegu. The subjects of the experiment were twenty six men and women living in the city of Taegu. The iron intake was 26.1mg for men and 17.1mg for women, which were respectively 217.5% and 95% of RDA. For men heme iron was 5% and nonheme iron, 95% for women heme iron was 5.8% and nonheme iron, 94.2%. The absorption rate of dietary iron was 6.2% for men and 9.1% for women. The hemoglobin was 14.5g/dl for men and 11.9g/dl for women, and the rate of developing anemia was 8.3% in men and 57.1% in women. The serum ferritin was 57.8ng/ml with men, which was found to be normal, and 14.7ng/ml with women, which showed that 57.1% of women were in the condition of iron depletion or iron deficiency anemia. The rate of developing anemia resulting from the deficiency of serum ferritin was as high as that from the deficiency of hemoglobin. The correlation between iron intake based on the dietary record, and energy intake, vegetable protein intake and dietary fiber intake was found to be positive. So was the correlation between the iron intake, and hemoglobin, serum ferritin and urinary iron excretion. There was also a positive correlation between hemoglobin, and hematocrit and serum ferritin. The correlation between fecal iron excretion and serum ferritin was positive. Fecal iron excretion and urinary iron excretion can be complemented by iron intake but the fact should be considered that 95% of iron intake is nonheme iron, which is difficult to absorb. Based on the above-mentioned things, serum ferritin and hemoglobin can be used as the standards of measuring anemia. As women in their child bearing years show the high rate of 57.1% of developing anemia, the more thorough nutritional education of iron is required.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1987

In order to evaluate the clinical significances of the serum vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors, the levels were measured in 10 normal contol subjects, 70 patients with malignant tumors, 7 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 patients with other benign diseases. The results are as follows: 1) In normal control subjects, mean serum values for vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin level were $588.80{\pm}131.58pg/ml,\;5.59{\pm}1.52ng/ml\;and\;89.22{\pm}42.78ng/ml$ retrospectively 2) There was no significant difference in serum levels between patients with benign diseases and normal control subjects. 3) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than in normal control, and the serum folate levels in these patients were lower than in normal control subjects. 4) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than in normal control subjects, and the serum folate levels in these patients were significantly lower than in normal control subjects. The above results suggest that the serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin may be useful as tumor markers in patients with malignant tumors.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.5 no.3 s.19
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2005

Purpose: We have preoperatively and postoperatively investigated the characteristics of anemia in patients with gastric cancer in order to provide optimal medical care for the patients. Materials and Methods: Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, and serum folic acid were measured for 321 patients with gastric cancer. These were measured again for 287 patients 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ninety-four patients (29.3%) had preoperative anemia. Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ levels were higher in the patients with early gastric cancer than in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels were higher in male patients than in female patients. The patients who had preoperative anemia showed a high probability of having postoperative anemia (P<0.001), and the patients who had low serum ferritin levels preoperatively showed a high probability of having low serum ferritin levels and iron deficiency anemia postoperatively (P<0.004). Conclusion: Preoperative ferritin deficiency should be improved by iron supplement, even though the patient may not be anemic at that time. Periodic postoperative measurements of the hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, and serum folic acid levels are highly recommended because postgastrectomy anemia is not rare. Finally, if any low hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, or serum folic acid levels are found, they should be treated in an appropriate way.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum ferritin and the metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,444 adults over age 40 and under age 70 that lived in a rural area and participated in a survey conducted as part of the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort Study (KRGCS). The MS was defined as the presence of at least three of the followings : elevated blood pressure, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated serum triglycerides, elevated plasma glucose, or abdominal obesity. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), odds ratios (ORs) for the prevalence of the MS by sex were calculated for quartiles of serum ferritin using logistic regression analysis. Results : The MS was more common in those persons , with the highest levels of serum ferritin, compared to persons with the lowest levels, in men (37.1% vs. 22.4%, p=0.006) and women (58.8% vs. 34.8, p<0.001). In both sexes, the greater the number of MS components presents, the greater the serum ferritin levels. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, and menopausal status, the OR for metabolic syndrome, comparing the fourth quartile of ferritin with the first quartile, was 2.21 (95% confidence interval; CI=1.26-3.87; p-trend=0.024) in men and 2.10 (95% CI=1.40-3.17; p-trend=0.001) in women. However, after further adjustment for BMI, hs-CRP, and ALT, the ORs were statistically attenuated in both sexes. Conclusions : Moderately elevated serum ferritin levels were not independently associated with the prevalence of the MS after adjusting for other risk factors. Further studies are needed to obtain evidence concerning the association between serum ferritin levels and the MS.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.878-885
• /
• 2009

Serum ferritin levels are elevated in subjects with acute lung injury (ALI), and abnormalities in plasma and lung iron chemistry have also been demonstrated in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Stress-inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as ferritin, had shown anti-inflammatory actions. Biomarkers for early detection in patients who are likely to develop ARDS would give several therapeutic chances to the patients. In order to verify the predictability in severe hemorrhage-induced ALI in rats, we measured serum ferritin and HO-1 concentrations before and after hemorrhage. Severe hemorrhages significantly increased the number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Both serum ferritin and HO-1 levels increased following hemorrhage, but ferritin levels were elevated earlier than HO-1. In BAL cell immunohistochemical studies, ferritin and HO-1 expressions increased after hemorrhage and localized in the cytoplasm of leukocytes. These findings suggest that inflammatory leukocytes in BAL fluid can secrete ferritin and HO-1, and serum ferritin levels might be more valid factor in predicting ARDS than HO-1 levels in hemorrhage-induced ALI.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to assess the relationship amongst serum ferritin, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic syndrome score (MSS) in Korean adults. The data of 16,096 adults (6,840 men as well as 4,916 premenopausal and 4,340 postmenopausal women) aged ${\geq}20years$ in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. The prevalence rate of MetS was 3,978 (24.7%) (men, 24.6%; premenopausal women, 11.1%; postmenopausal women, 40.3%). The key study results were as follows: First, after the adjustment for relevant variables, the serum ferritin level ($M{\pm}SE$) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the MetS group (men, $132.25{\pm}1.98ng/mL$; premenopausal women, $39.89{\pm}1.49ng/mL$; postmenopausal women, $73.45{\pm}1.14ng/mL$) than in the non-MetS group (men, $111.08{\pm}1.01ng/mL$; premenopausal women, $32.26{\pm}0.50ng/mL$; postmenopausal women, $63.26{\pm}0.98ng/mL$). Second, the serum ferritin levels increased as MSS increased in all groups (men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women) (p<0.001). In conclusion, MetS and MSS increases were positively associated with higher serum ferritin levels.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.72 no.2
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2012

Background: Cigarette smoke induced release of iron could alter iron metabolism in the lungs of chronic smokers and contribute to the increase in the total oxidative burden on the lungs of smokers. In previous studies, ferritin levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers were elevated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin concentration, smoking and lung function in Korean people. Methods: This study was based on the data acquired in the second year (2008) of the Forth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted from 2007 to 2009. The analysis included 2,244 subjects who were older than 20 years and had complete data from both lung function test and serum ferritin concentration. Among participants, 1,076 were male and 1,168 were female. Results: Mean serum ferritin concentrations in males were $120.3{\pm}80.1{\mu}g/L$ and $47.9{\pm}39.8{\mu}g/L$ in females. There were no differences in serum ferritin concentrations between non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol. Serum ferritin concentrations were associated with smoking amounts by simple linear regression but not associated with smoking amounts after adjustment with age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol in both males and females. Lung function was not associated with serum ferritin concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggested that serum ferritin concentrations are not related with smoking and lung function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.450-457
• /
• 1991

The iron status of 57 female college students was evaluated by measurements of hemoglobinCHb). hematocritCHct) and serum ferritin(Ferritin). Mean values for Hb, Hct and Ferritin were $13.9\pm$ 0.96g/dl, $41.4\pm$ 2.85% and $20.7\pm$ l5.5ng/mL respectively. Ferritin as well as Hb. Hct were not statistically different from normal distribution. although ferritin were skewed to the right. The prevalence of anemia defined by Hb < 12g/dI. Hct ~36 % and Ferritin <12ng/ml were found to be 5.3, 10.3 and 36.8%, respectively. By using Hb as a screening tool at a cutoff point of 12g/dI. 2.8% of healthy subjects will be incorrectly classified as anemic and 90.5 % of anemic as healthy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at various cutoff points of Hb and Hct. The estimates of sensitivity and specificity allow Hb 14.0g/dl as cutoff point for good predictor of anemia.