• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to measure the serum content of progesterone, estradiol 17${\beta}$ and cortisol. Blood samples collected from day 20 prepartum to day 20 postpartum in 8 sows. Progesterone and estradiol-17${\beta}$ were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods and cortisol was determined by competitive protein-binding methods. Progesterone levels began to decline on day -4, reached 1.9ng/ml by day +2 and remained quite constant thereafter. Progesterone levels remained fairly constant(18.4 to 20.0 ng/ml) from 20 to 6 days before parturition. Estrdiol-17${\beta}$ increased from 205 pg/ml at day 6 prepartum to 425 pg/ml at the time of parturition. Cortisol reached a peak level of 86.5 ng/ml at day 0.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigated the possibility of Meles meles as an edible functional resource. To assess the effects of Meles meles fermented liquid(ML) with medicinal plants in postmenopausal women, the menopause symptoms, hematological and serum chemical variables and bone health indices were examined. Twenty five postmenopausal women participated in the study. As a result, in postmenopausal women, ML supplements were effective in reducing the incidence of menopause symptoms, such as insomnia(44.0%), sensitivity(40.0%), headache(34.0%), hot flush and decreased vaginal lubrication(20.0%) after 12 weeks. Also serum estradiol and calcitonin and calcium levels were 23.27 pg/mL, 14.88 pg/mL and 8.86 mg/dL before the ML intake. Levels were significantly increased of estradiol and calcitonin and calcium after ML intake during 12 weeks to 30.36 pg/mL, 21.61 pg/mL and 10.01 mg/dL. Osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase activity were 14.36 ng/mL, 21.55 U/L before the ML intake, but according to ML intake, the levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, ML play benefical roles in the prevention of bone loss and menopause symptoms. Howere current data are not sufficient to determine the effective doses for benefical effect as well as harmful effect and support dietary recommendation level for ML. Therefore, our results should be viewed with caution. But Meles meles fermented liquid with medicinal plants can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials, more studies are needed to identify the proper mechanism of ML.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

Objective: Sterilization (tubal sterilization and vasectomy) is a widely applied contraceptive method worldwide. Although most studies have described sterilization as a safe method, there are reports of tubal ligation (TL) and vasectomy complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TL and vasectomy on the serum oxidative stress, specifically prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, over time. Methods: Male and female rats were classified into vasectomy, sham-vasectomy, TL, and sham-TL groups, respectively. The PAB and MDA levels were measured on days 15 and 45 and months 3 and 6 after the intervention. For female rats, blood sampling was performed during the diestrous phase and estradiol and progesterone were also measured. Results: Serum PAB and MDA increased after TL (p<0.05). Vasectomy increased serum MDA remarkably after 45 days, 3 months, and 6 months (p<0.05). After vasectomy, serum PAB also increased although not significantly. Serum estradiol and progesterone decreased remarkably in the TL group compared to the sham group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bilateral TL and vasectomy both increase the serum oxidative stress; however the imbalance after TL was very noticeable. As for the TL, the reduction of serum estrogen levels can be involved in this imbalance. Complications followed by TL or vasectomy could be due to increased levels of oxidants. Thus, prescribing antioxidants during and or after surgery may be a solution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8447-8450
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate factors for predicting the granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCTO) pre-operatively. Materials and Methods: This retrospective designed study was conducted on 34 women with GCTO as the study group and 76 women with benign ovarian cysts as the control group. Data were recorded from the hospital database and included age, body mass index (BMI), parity, serum estradiol ($E_2$) levels, diameter of the mass, ultrasonographic features, serum CA125 level, risk of malignancy index (RMI), duration of menopause, postoperative histopathology result, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Results: The demographic parameters showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. Preoperative diameter of the mass, CA125, duration of menopause, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that diameter of the mass, serum estradiol and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may be discriminative factors in predicting GCTO preoperatively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that a careful preoperative workshop including diameter of the mass, serum estradiol ($E_2$) and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may predict GCTO and may prevent incomplete approaches.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2022

Background: The indiscriminate use of pesticides in Nigeria may have harmful effects on reproductive health of farmers. Objectives: This study assessed the awareness of reproductive health, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and sperm characteristics of male farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Methods: Eighty four male farmers were recruited for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data. Blood and semen samples were collected from the subjects in the morning for hormonal assays and semen analysis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and SQAV sperm quality analyzer. Data were analyzed using chi square, Student's-t-test, and Regression analysis. Results: Serum FSH (p<0.01), LH (p<0.005) and Estradiol (p<0.001) were significantly higher while prolactin (p<0.02) and testosterone (p<0.001) were significantly lower among pesticides exposed farmers than nonexposed subjects. Some 34/84 (40.5%) of the pesticides exposed farmers had serum testosterone levels below the lower limit of the reference range. Those with low testosterone levels (p<0.001), also had FSH (p<0.05), LH (p<0.001) and Estradiol (p<0.002) significantly lower than those with normal testosterone levels. The sperm count among pesticides exposed farmers; total motility and percentage morphology were significantly lower than non-pesticides exposed subjects. Some 14/84 (16.7%) of the pesticides exposed farmers had sperm count below 15 million/mL (oligozoospermia). More than 70% of the farmers were not aware of the reproductive health risks associated with pesticides and only 23.8% of the farmers were using protective devices. Conclusions: Deliberate efforts to improve awareness, knowledge, personal hygiene, and interventions necessary to lessen both pesticides exposure and health risks by adopting safe practices are suggested.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.379-381
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• 1990

The effect of calcium gluconate on estrogen (estradiol) serum level as well as follicle stimulating hormone level was studied. Our results revealed that oral administration of calcium gluconate (100 mg/kg body wight) to adult non-pregnant female rabbits caused a significant increase of serum levels of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone. On the other hand, oral contraceptive (Norminest tablets) decreased significantly follicle stimulating hormone serum level, while combined administration of calcium gluconate and oral contraceptive caused significant increase of serum level of follicle stimulating hormone compared with control values. Also, concurrent administration of calcium gluconate and Norminest tablet increased significantly the rate of conception compared with group recieved Norminest tablets only. These results indicated that combined administration of calcium and oral contraceptives must be cautiously.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1985

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 번식효율(繁殖效率)을 증진(增進)시키기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로서 발정시기(發情時期)에 따를 혈청(血淸) 성(性) hormone의 변화(變化)를 측정(測定)하기 위하여 발정당일(發情當日) (0) 부터 매(每)2일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 20(0)일(日)까지 혈청내(血淸內)의 LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 및 progesterone의 농도(濃度)를 radioimmunoassay로 측정(測定)하여 검토(檢討)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 발정주기(發情週期)에 따른 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 발정당일(發情當日)에는 3.27 mIU/ml로 높은 수준(水準)이었으나, 그 후(後)에는 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하여 발정주기(發情週期)의 2일(日)부터 18일(日)까지의 사이에는 1.05~1.73 mIU/ml로 매우 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. Prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 LH와 변화경향(變化傾向)은 유사(類似)하였으냐 변화폭(變化幅)은 낮았으며 FSH는 1.25 mIU/ml 수준이하(水準以下)였다. 2. 발정주기중(發情週期中) 혈청(血淸) estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 수준(水準)은 발정당일(發情當日)에 23.62 pg/ml로 최고수준(最高水準)을 보였고 기타(其他)의 기간(期間)에는 4.56~9.75 pg/ml의 범위(範圍)로 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. Progesterone의 농도(濃度)는 발정당일(發情當日)에 0.45 ng/ml로 최소치(最少値)였고, 그후(後) 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하여 14일(日)에 8.85 ng/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 나타낸 다음 다시 감소(減少)되는 변화경향(變化傾向)을 보였다. 3. 발정전후(發情前後)의 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 발정시각(發情時刻)에 3.06 mIU/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 보였고, 발정전(發情前)과 후(後)로 6시간(時間)씩 12시간(時間)동안은 높은 수준(水準)을 보였다. FSH는 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 1.25 mIU/ml 이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었고, prolactin은 발정전(發情前) 12시간(時間)으로부터 발정후(發情後) 12 시간(時間)까지 24 시간(時間)동안 높은 수준(水準)을 유대(維待)하였다. 4. 발정전후(發情前後)의 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 농도(濃度)는 발정시각(發情時刻)을 중심(中心)으로 전(前)과 후(後)로 각(各) 12시간(時間)까지 24시간(時間)동안은 높은 수준(水準)이었으며, progesterone은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 반대(反對)되는 변화경향(變化傾向)을 보였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1985

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 번식형질(繁殖形質)을 조사(調査)하고, 아울러 70일령(日令)부터 190일령(日令)까지 매(每)15일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 혈청(血淸) 성(性) hormone의 농도변화(濃度變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 성성숙일령(性成熟日令)과 체중(體重)은 183.6일(日)과 14.3 kg이었고. 발정시기(發情時期)와 발정지속기간(發情持續期間)은 20.3일(日)과 36.7시간(時間)이었으며, 임신기간(姙娠期間), 복당산자수(腹當産仔數) 및 생시체중(生時體重)은 각각(各各) 148.4일(日), 1.4두(頭) 및 1.8 kg이었다. 혈청(血淸) LH의 수준(水準)은 70일령(日令)에서 3.93mIU/ml로 최고치(最高値)였고, 일령(日令)이 증가(增加)할수록 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向) 이어서 190일령(日令)에는 1.21mIU/ml로 최소치(最少値)였다. FSH는 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 1.25 mIU/ml 以下의 수준(水準)이었다. Prolactin은 85일령(日令)에 3.09 ng/ml로 최소치(最少値)였고, 175일령(日令)에 4.65 ng/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 나타냈다. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 수준(水準)은 일령(日令)이 증가(增加)할수록 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)이어서 190일령(日令)에서 7.95 pg/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 나타냈다. Progesterone은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 1.0 ng/ml 이하(以下)로서 매우 낮은 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1997

To make index on therapy or releasing from dairy holstein cows of reproductive disorder, the levels of serological sex hormones and total ALP, GOT, GPT, and serum protein were measured. The results obtained through the experiments are summarized as follows ; 1. The levels of FSH and estradiol in reproductive disorder group were significantly higher and lower than those in pregnant group and control group, respectively. (p<0.05) 2. The level of prolactin was showed mild difference in three groups and that of progesterone was reasonably higher in pregnant group with significance (p<0.05). 3. The activity of GPT was significantly higher and that of GOT was showed higher In reproductive disorder group, respectively ( p<0.05) 4. The level of total ALP was higher in reproductive disorder group, however no difference was showed between pregnant and control group. 5. The level of serum protein was followed as control, pregnant, and reproductive disorder with insignificance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.70-74
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• 1985

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)에 대하여 혈청(血淸) LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 및 progesterone의 농도(濃度)를 교배일(交配日)로부터 20일간격(日間隔)으로 140일(日)까지와 분만당일(分娩當日) 및 분만후(分娩後) 10일(日)과 20일(日)에 조사(調査)하였다. 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 60일(日)에 1.95mIU/ml로 최고치(最高値)였고, 임신(姙娠) 100일(日0까지는 높은 수준(水準)이었으나 그 후(後)로는 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하여 분만시(分娩時)에는 0.02 mIU/ml를 나타냈다. Prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 임신(姙娠) 140일(日)부터 급격(急激)히 증가(增加)하여 분만시(分娩時)에는 29.75 ng/ml로 최고치(最高値)였으며, 분만후(分娩後)에는 다시 감소(減少)하였다. FSH는 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 분절하한치(分折下限値)인 1.25 mIU/ml 이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었다. 혈청(血淸) estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 수준(水準)은 임신기간(姙娠期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 증가(增加)하였으며, 분만시(分娩時)에는 159.62 pg/ml로 최고치(最高値)였고, 분만후(分娩後)에는 월등(越等)히 감소(減少)하였다. 혈청(血淸) progesterone은 임신(姙娠) 120일(日)에 6.62 ng/ml로 최고치(最高値)였고, 그 후(後)로는 감소(減少)하여 분만시(分娩時)에는 1.25 ng/ml로 매우 낮은 수준(水準)이었다.