• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper (Cu) on performance, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism in lambs. Fifty DorperMongolia wether lambs (approximately 3 month of age; 23.80.6 kg of body weight) were housed in individual pens and were assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 3) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 4) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl; TBCC), 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride. The Cu concentration was 6.74 mg/kg DM in the basal diet. Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 60-day experimental period. Blood samples were collected and then the lambs were slaughtered on d 60. Performance was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Cu treatment. Cu-supplemented and control lambs had similar hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area, but Cu supplementation, regardless of source and level, reduced (p<0.01) 12th rib backfat and kidney fat in lambs. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and serum triglyceride concentrations were increased (p<0.05), total cholesterol concentrations were decreased (p<0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations tended to be increased (p<0.07) by Cu supplementation. However, Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment. Fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle was similar across treatments. These results indicate that Cu-lysine and TBCC are of similar availability in lambs. Cu supplementation given to DorperMongolia wether lambs altered lipid metabolism. The reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering TNF- metabolism in lambs. Supplementation of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg DM showed similar effects on lipid metabolism in lambs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.66-68
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted investigate the of supplemental Cu and Zn methionine chelates on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, and Cu and Zn contents in the liver and excretion of broiler chickens. One thousand hatched broiler chickens (Ross) of one day old were assigned to 4 treatments:control(T1), 100ppm of copper in the from of Cu-methionine chelate(Cu-Met, T2), 100ppm of zinc in the from of Zn-methionine chelate(Zn-Met, T3) and 100ppm of copper plus 100ppm of zinc in the from of methionine chelate(Cu-Zn-Met, T4). Each treatment had four replications of 50 bird each. Weight gain of chicks fed chelated products were significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05).Combination of Cu and Zn chelates(Cu-Zn-Met) tended to show the best growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary treatments. Serum IgG level of chicks fed Cu-Zn-Met was significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05). Gizzard erosion index was not significantly different among treatments. Contents of Cu and Zn in liver were not significantly affected by dietary treatments, whereas excretions of these minerals were significantly affected by dietary treatments.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2007

Increased oxidative stress contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. We measured serum antioxidant mineral concentrations, capacities of serum antioxidant enzymes and fasting lipid profile in 97 male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 21 male controls. Nutrient intake was assessed by the semi-quantitative food frequency method. CAD patients were divided into single-vessel disease (SVD, n=66) and multi-vessel disease (MVD, n = 31) groups on the coronary angiography. The ratio of serum LDL- to HDL-cholesterol elevated with an increasing number of diseased vessels compared to the control (control < SVD < MVD, p < 0.05). Patients with SVD and MVD had higher levels of serum lipoprotein (a) than the control (p < 0.05). The mean intake of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol was higher in MVD patients and the intakes of vitamins C and E were lower in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (p < 0.05). Serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels were higher in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (Cu: control $75.8{\pm}5.07$, SVD $99.2{\pm}2.90$, MVD $100.1{\pm}2.32{\mu}g/dL$, p<0.01; Zn: $76.8{\pm}5.36$, $119.0{\pm}5.95$, $129.1{\pm}2.70{\mu}g/dL$, p < 0.01). And the ratio of Zn to Cu was higher in SVD and MVD patients than in the control (control $0.78{\pm}0.06$, SVD $0.88{\pm}0.05$, MVD $0.99{\pm}0.04$, P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in MVD than in SVD and the control (control $35.13{\pm}1.34$, SVD $35.30{\pm}1.01$, MVD $31.00{\pm}1.04 U/mg$ protein, p < 0.05). The ratio of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to GSH-Px was higher in MVD than in control and SVD (p < 0.05). In groups with CAD, serum Cu and Zn concentrations and their ratio were changed compared to the control. GSH-Px activity was decreased and the ratio of SOD to GSH-Px was increased in the patients with MVD. The balances between the activities of SOD and GSH-Px should also be considered a risk factor in CAD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

This experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of several levels of cadmium on growth and some mineral concentrations in the serum, tibia and teeth of rats. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth rate was significantly decreased as the feeding level of cadmium increased, especially body weight in the 40 ppm level was greatly reduced than that of initial body weight. The weight of liver was increased in 40 ppm group as a result of edema. But the weight of kidney, heart, spleen, lung and testis was not affected. The cadmium concentration of serum was higher in rats receiving 40 ppm than that of other levels, and the concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium were decreased as the cadmium content of drinking water increased. The cadmium and phosphorus contents of tibia were greatly high in the 40 ppm level, but the content of iron copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be decreased with increasing level of cadmium. The cadmium concentration of teeth was predominantly high compared with that of the serum and tibia. Also, the concentration of iron, copper and zinc tended to be dedrased with increasing cadmium level, but the contents of magnesium, calcium and ash tended to be increased.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2008

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism that results in accumulation of copper primarily in the liver, the brain and the cornea. Mutations in the WD gene, ATP7B cause failure of copper excretion from hepatocyte into bile and a defective synthesis of ceruloplasmin. More than 370 mutations are now recognized, scattering throughout the ATP7B gene. Since WD has protean clinical presentations, awareness of WD in clinical practice is important for the early diagnosis and prevention of accumulated copper toxicity. None of the laboratory parameters alone allows a definite diagnosis of WD. There are numerous pitfalls in the diagnosis of WD. Low serum ceruloplasmin concentrations, increased 24 hour urinary copper excretion, increased hepatic copper concentrations and the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings in the cornea are major diagnostic points. A combination of any two of these 4 laboratory findings is strong support for a diagnosis of WD. Molecular methods are now being used to aid diagnosis. Molecular genetic testing has confirmed the diagnosis in individuals in whom the diagnosis is not clearly established biochemically and clinically. Siblings should be screened for WD once an index case has been diagnosed. Discrimination of heterozygotes from asymptomatic patients is essential to avoid inappropriate lifelong therapy for heterozygotes. Genetic testing, either by haplotype analysis or by mutation analysis, is the only reliable tool for differentiating heterozygote carriers from affected asymptomatic patients. Currently, genetic testing is of limited value in the primary diagnosis. However, genetic testing will soon play an essential role in diagnosing WD as rapid advancement of biomedical technology will allow more rapid, easier and less expensive mutation detection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.582-586
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of garlic powder (GP) and copper (Cu) on laying performances and the cholesterol content and quality characteristics of eggs during storage in laying hens. A total of one hundred and eighty, 50-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group (10 layers per replicate) and fed one of six diets containing GP 0%, GP 1%, GP 3%, GP 5%, Cu 200 ppm, or GP 3%-Cu 200 ppm for 5 wks. There were no differences in the laying performances and feed intakes bertween treatments. Eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and yolk color were also not affected by feeding of GP and Cu. With increasing dietary GP, Haugh unit was linearly increased after 2 wk of storage (p<0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol in hens fed diets containing GP or Cu were lower than that of the control (p<0.05), but high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not influenced by dietary GP or Cu. The content of egg yolk cholesterol from hens fed diets containing GP or Cu was significantly decreased from that of the control, except for the GP 1% group. Based on the results of this experiment, the decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GP. The feeding of GP or Cu alone and in combination altered the cholesterol fractions in serum and reduced the content of egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of excess loading of calcium (Ca)and iron(Fe) on the bioavailability of minerals in both normal and Ca-and Fe-deficient rats. Three-week-old male rats were divided into four groups and fed experimental diets for six weeks, containing either normal (0.5%) or high(1.5%) Ca and normal (35ppm) or high (350ppm)Fe. Likewise, three-week-old male rats were first fed a Ca-and Fe-deficient diet for three weeks, and then fed one of four experimental diets for additional three weeks. In both normal and Ca-and Fe-deficient rats, ca contents of serum, liver, kidney and femur were not significantly affected by dietary Ca and Fe levels. Apparent Ca absorption(%) decreased in rats fed a high Ca diet regardless of dietary Fe levels. Magnesium(Mg) contents of serum, liver and femur significantly decreased in rats fed a high Ca diet. Fe contents of serum and liver significantly increased in rats fed a high-Fe diet, but decreased in rats fed a high Ca diet. Fe content of serum and liver significantly increased in rate fed a high-Fe diet, decreased in rats fed a high-Ca diet. Apparent Fe absorption increased in rats fed a high-Fe diet, and decreased in rats fed a high-Ca diet in Ca-and Fe-deficient rats, but dietary Ca did not seem to affect Fe absorption in normal rats. Phosphorus(P) contents of serum and femur were not significantly affected by dietary Ca and Fe levels in both normal and Ca-and Fe-deficient rats. Serum copper(Cu) decreased in rats fed a high-Fe diet, while serum zinc(Zn) decreased in rats fed a high-Ca diet in normal rats. Cu contents of liver, and Zn contents of serum and liver decreased in rats fed a high-Fe diet in Ca-and Fe-deficient rats. There results suggest that a dietary overload of Ca and Fe in both normal and Ca-and Fe-deficient rats may decrease mineral bioavailability leading to potential health problems.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 1998

This study was intended to examine the zinc status and effect of zinc supplementation on the zinc nutritional status of the elderly living in the Ulsan area. The zinc intake of 207 subjects(male 97, female 110) was measured by a 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency method. Biochemical analysis were conducted from blood and urine samples to evaluate the changes of zinc nutriture with zinc supplementation. The average dietary zinc intake of subjects was $7.7\pm{2.8mg}$ for male and $7.5\pm{2.6mg}$ for female, which were 51.3% and 62.3% of Korean RDA respectively. The first source of zinc was cereal and grain(36%), and the second was eggs and milk group(27%). After 8 weeks of zinc supplementation, the serum zinc content was significantly increased(p<0.01), although the serum copper content was not significantly decrease. Serum HDL- cholesterol level was not significantly decreased with zinc supplementation. Serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and urinary zinc excretion were significantly increased(p<0.05). The urinary Zn/Cr was not significantly increased. It is suggested from the results that the daily zinc supplementation can be effective to improve zinc nutriture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 2011

A 4-year-old intact female American Cocker Spaniel presented with lack of appetite, shivering, and abdominal distension. It was initially diagnosed with chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis, by serum chemistry, radiography, ultrasonography, and histopathologic examination following liver biopsy. Abundant copper granules were detected in most hepatocytes with rhodanine stain, with hepatic copper concentration at 1460 ppm (reference range: <400 ppm). Based on these findings, copper-associated hepatitis with cirrhosis was diagnosed and successfully managed with long-term D-penicillamine, s-adenosylmethionine, biphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate and supportive care. The spaniel died 35 months after diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1997

This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of Korean lactating women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas, by anthropometric measurement, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing the contents of breast milk components, serum lipid content and fatty acid composition. Regarding anghropometric measurements, maternal circumferences decreased significantly at the trunk but not at the limbs. The skinfold thickness on all regions had the tendency to decrease during lactation. It was found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrates were desirable while calcium, zinc, copper and vitamin A were low and sodium was excessive. The energy $\%$of fat was 22.41$\%$of the total energy which is higher than the RDA for adults but it is proper for lactating women, but energy $\%$ from each fatty acid was usually low and an intake ratio of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Concentrations of the nutrients in matured human milk showed the same range as that reported form different regions with the exception of calcium and magnesium which were relatively low. Serum lipid contents were decreased with the time postpartum and the average serum lipid content of lactating women were similar to the normal range of adults. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids. especially $\omega$6 fatty acids have gradually increased with the time postpartum, but the composition were not greatly influenced by dietary intakes.