• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1997

최근 간질환에 대한 진단과 기술의 비약적인 발전에도 불구하고 치료방법론에서는 그 해결이 모호한 상태에 직면해 있다. 실험적으로 간중독을 유발시킨 동물에 약물을 투여하여 그 악화를 입증하려는 노력이 진행되고 있다. 이에 저자는 고진음자(固眞飮子)가 간독성의 완화효과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 고진음자(固眞飮子)추출물을 투여한 흰쥐에 galactosamine으로 간독성을 유발하고 간조직내 glutathione과 과산화지질의 함량, 혈청중의 GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GPT, ALT, LDH의 효소활성측정 및 혈청중의 bileacid함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 유의한 결과를 얻었다. glutathione의 함량은 고진음자(固眞飮子)를 전처치한 실험군에서 유의성 있게 증가하였고 과산화지질, 혈청중 GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GPT, ALT, LDH, bile acid는 고진음자를 전처치한 실험군에서 유의성있게 감소하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2012

본 연구는 울금 분말을 고지방 고콜레스테롤 쥐에 농도별로 2.5% (TPA group), 5% (TPB gorup)의 수준으로 공급하였을 시 담즙산 및 UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GT) 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 체중증가량은 정상군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 울금 분말을 공급한 군에서는 체중의 감소가 나타났다. 식이섭취량 및 식히효율에서는 정상군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에서 증가하였다. 총콜레스테롤 함량과 중성지질 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 혈중의 HDL 콜레스테롤은 정상군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 울금 분말 공급군에서는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면, LDL 콜레스테롤 및 동맥경화지수(AI)에서는 고지방 고콜레스테롤에서 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간조직의 총 지질함량을 관찰한 결과 중성지질의 함량 및 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에 비해 울금 분말 공급군은 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 분변의 총 콜레스테롤 함량 및 중성지방 함량은 울금 분말을 공급한 군에 비해 고지방 고콜레스테롤군에 비해 다소 증가되었다. 혈청 중의 담즙산 농도는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에 비해 울금 분말을 공급한 TPA, TPB 군에서 유의적으로 증가 하였으며, UDP-GT활성을 관찰한 결과는 울금 분말 5%를 공급한 TPB 군은 고지방 고콜레스테롤 군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 울금은 담즙산 및 UDP-GT의 활성을 높여줌으로써 지질대사의 개선작용을 지니고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 찔레꽃과 찔레꽃 복합물이 혈청 및 간 조직의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험군을 4군으로 나누어 정상 식이군(N군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HF군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 찔레꽃을 5% 첨가한 군(HR군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 찔레꽃 복합물을 첨가한 군(HRC군)으로 나누었다. 찔레꽃 복합물은 찔레꽃, 뱀딸기풀, 곰보배추, 조릿대로 구성되어 있다. 체중증가량과 식이효율은 HF군이 N군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였고 HR군과 HRC군이 HF군에 비해 감소하였다. 혈청 중성지질은 HF군이 N군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였고 HRC군은 유의적으로 크게 감소하였다. 혈청 HDL-cholesterol은 HR군과 HRC군이 HF군에 비해 증가하였다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol은 HF군이 N군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였고, 특히 동맥경화지수에서 HRC군은 HF군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간 중성지질과 총콜레스테롤은 HF군이 N군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였고 HR군과 HRC군은 HF군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 대변 중성지질과 총콜레스테롤은 HR군과 HRC군이 HF군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. UDP-glucuronyl transferase 활성은 HR군과 HRC군이 HF군에 비해 증가하였다. Total bile acid는 HR군과 HRC군이 HF군에 비해 증가하였고, 특히 HRC군은 HF군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과 찔레꽃과 찔레꽃 복합물은 UDP-glucuronyl transferase 활성, total bile acid 및 지질 대사 조절에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1993

This study was performed observe the effect of vegetable oil on the liver of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently either for 8 weeks: basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet.,20% coconut oil diet. The total cholesterol, triglyceride level in the liver were showed tendency of increase with increasing of P/S ratios. Bile acid excretion in the fecal increased with increasing of P/S ratios. The value of TBA in the serum and liver were increased in proportion to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The liver fatty acid of coconut-fed group showed larger variation than fatty acid of the cocount oil. The fat chang of sunflower oil diet in the liver showed the largest change.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.389-401
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine a factor for predicting suboptimal image quality of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) cancer before MRI examination. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 259 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 68.0 ± 8.3 years; 162 male and 97 female) with EHD cancer who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI between 2011 and 2017. Patients were divided into a primary analysis set (n = 184) and a validation set (n = 75) based on the diagnosis date of January 2014. Two reviewers assigned the functional liver imaging score (FLIS) to reflect the HBP image quality. The FLIS consists of the sum of three HBP features, each scored on a 0-2 scale: liver parenchymal enhancement, biliary excretion, and signal intensity of the portal vein. Patients were classified into low-FLIS (0-3) or high-FLIS (4-6) groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine a predictor of low FLIS using serum biochemical and imaging parameters of cholestasis severity. The optimal cutoff value for predicting low FLIS was obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and validation was performed. Results: Of the 259 patients, 140 (54.0%) and 119 (46.0%) were classified into the low-FLIS and high-FLIS groups, respectively. In the primary analysis set, total bilirubin was an independent factor associated with low FLIS (adjusted odds ratio per 1-mg/dL increase, 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.98). The optimal cutoff value of total bilirubin for predicting low FLIS was 2.1 mg/dL with a sensitivity of 95.1% (95% CI: 88.9-98.4) and a specificity of 89.0% (95% CI: 80.2-94.9). In the validation set, the total bilirubin cutoff showed a sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI: 78.6-98.3) and a specificity of 83.8% (95% CI: 68.0-93.8). Conclusion: Serum total bilirubin before acquisition of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may help predict suboptimal HBP image quality in patients with EHD cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

The effects of Ganoderma Lucidum consumption (GL) on the liver function and lipid metabolic disorder induced by alcohol consuming were studied in rats using GL powder(1%, 2%, 4%) and 10% ethly alcohol. Thirty-five rats(Sprague-Dawley, male) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for seven weeks. The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were the highest in the alcohol group, while the levels were apparently reduced by in groups fed GL. The atherogenic indices(AI) also tended to be higher in the alcohol group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities were significantly lower in body alcohol + 2% GL and alcohol + 4% GL groups, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities lower only in the alcohol + 2% GL compared with the alcohol group. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities were not significantly different among the groups. The elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to alcohol consumption, were apparently reduced by GL supplementation. On microscopic observation of liver tissues, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, while fat droplets appeared only on the central vein in the alcohol + 1% GL group. However, in groups administered 2% and 4% GL, fat droplets appeared similar to the alcohol group. The concentrations of fecal bile acid were significantly increased in groups fed GL. These results indicate that GL exerted some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Thus, it seems that GL may be effective in preventing or curing some aspects of alcohol toxicity. More detailed studies are needed in order to determine proper dietary levels of GL for combating alcohol toxicity.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.14.1-14.14
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• 2018

The link between antibiotic treatment and IF-associated liver disease (IFALD) is unclear. Here, we study the effect of antibiotic treatment on bile acid (BA) metabolism and investigate the involved mechanisms. The results showed that pediatric IF patients with cholestasis had a significantly lower abundance of BA-biotransforming bacteria than patients without cholestasis. In addition, the BA composition was altered in the serum, feces, and liver of pediatric IF patients with cholestasis, as reflected by the increased proportion of primary BAs. In the ileum, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression was reduced in patients with cholestasis. Correspondingly, the serum FGF19 levels decreased significantly in patients with cholestasis. In the liver, the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in bile salt synthesis, cytochrome P450 7a1 (CYP7A1), increased noticeably in IF patients with cholestasis. In mice, we showed that oral antibiotics (gentamicin, GM or vancomycin, VCM) reduced colonic microbial diversity, with a decrease in both Gram-negative bacteria (GM affected Eubacterium and Bacteroides) and Gram-positive bacteria (VCM affected Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Concomitantly, treatment with GM or VCM decreased secondary BAs in the colonic contents, with a simultaneous increase in primary BAs in plasma. Moreover, the changes in the colonic BA profile especially that of tauro-beta-muricholic acid ($T{\beta}MCA$), were predominantly associated with the inhibition of the FXR and further altered BA synthesis and transport. In conclusion, the administration of antibiotics significantly decreased the intestinal microbiota diversity and subsequently altered the BA composition. The alterations in BA composition contributed to cholestasis in IF patients by regulating FXR signaling.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) powder , JA extract and chicory extract on lipid metabolism in SD rats. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; control, JA powder JA extract and chicory extract. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the wet weights of cecum were significantly increased in rats fed JA powder and chicory extract. Cecal contents were slightly increased in all experimental groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index were significantly increased in the chicory extract group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not different among the diet groups. Although the feeding of chicory extract significantly lowered total lipid of liver, there was no difference in levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. The content of fecal lipiid and cholesterol were significantly higher in the Ja extract and chicory extract group than other groups. Fecal bile acid was significantly increased in the chicory extract group. These results indicate that chicory extract is an effective regimen for improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2008

In an attempt to develop a probiotic formulation for poultry feed, a number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from chicken intestinal specimens and a series of in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate their efficacy as a potential probiotic candidate. A total of 650 LAB strains were isolated and screened for their antagonistic potential against each other. Among all the isolates only three isolates (TMU121, 094 and 457) demonstrated a wide spectrum of inhibition and were thus selected for detailed investigations. All three selected isolates were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella species, although to variable extent. The nature of the inhibitory substance produced by the isolates TMU121 and 094 appeared to be associated with bacteriocin, as their activity was completely lost after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, while pH neutralization and catalase enzyme had no effect on the residual activity. In contrast, isolate TMU457 was able to resist the effect of proteolytic enzymes while pH neutralization completely destroyed its activity. Attempts were made to study the acid, bile tolerance and cell surface hydrophobicity of these isolates. TMU121 showed high bile salt tolerance (0.3%) and high cell surface hydrophobicity compared to the other two strains studied, while TMU094 appeared the most pH resistant strain. Based on these results, the three selected LAB isolates were considered as potential ingredients for a chicken probiotic feed formulation and were identified to species level based on their carbohydrate fermentation pattern by using API 50CH test kits. The three strains were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum TMU121, Lactobacillus rhamnosus TMU094, and Pediococcus pentosaceous TMU457.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1123-1131
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• 1997

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and guar gum on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats. The experimental animals received ovarietomy (OVX). Lipids sources were divided into 3 groups (soybean oil(SB), beef tallow(BT)) and fish oil(FO)) and guar gum was supplemented to each lipid diet (SBG, BTG, FOG). Experimental diets were fed to therats for 16 weeks. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the BT group and lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group .Serum total cholesterol (Tc) and HDL-C levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum LDL-C and phospholipid levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum lipids levels were lowered by guar gum supplement. Serum SFA(saturated fatty acids) contents were not significantly influenced by dietary lipids and guar gum. Serum MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acids) contents were the lowest in the SB group. Fecal weight was highest in the beef tallow group and lowest in the fish oil group. Fecal weight was increased by guar gum supplement in all lipid groups. Total bile acid content in feces was increased by guar gum supplement in the soybean oil and beef tallow groups. The endothelial cells of the beef tallow group changed from a flat shape to distorted round and enlarged shapes. The subendothelial layer was the thickness the thickest in the beef tallow group ; the interspace between elastic lamina was widened and elastic lamina was straightened and partly disrupted . The fish oil group showed more porminient endothelial cells and subendothelial layer. Internal elastic membrane and elastic lamina exhibited regularly wavy shapes. Guar gum supplement showed positive effects in all lipids groups. Based on the above results , it is suggested that beef tallow increased serum TG levels and injured the wall of the aorta. On the other hand, fish oil , which decreased serum lipid levels, has a positive effect on the walls of the aorta. Guar gum protects the aorta from injury by reducing the serum lipid levels. Therefore, it is suggested that soybean oil and beef tallow consumed with guar gum is beneficial.