• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate urine protein-to-creatinine ratio as a parameter for early detection of nephrotic syndrome and as a parameter for monitoring effectiveness in early course of treatment. Nine healthy dogs were sensitized by intravenous injection with 1 $\mu$g of endotoxin and 5 mg of native bovine serum albumin. After 1 week, 120 mg of cationized bovine serum albumin was injected intravenously 5 times a week. Among nine dogs, five dogs were confirmed as having developed glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome by increase of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(>1.0), hypoalbuminemia (<1.5 g/dl), hypercholesterolemia (> 240 mg/dl) and azotemia (BUN>40 mg/dl). During the induction of glomerulonephritis and the progression to nephrotic syndrome, the increase of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was firstly detected. 1 to 4 weeks later, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and azotemia were detected. Prednisolone (2.2 mg/kg, bid) was administered orally to the dogs with induced nephrotic syndrome. In early stage of treatment, the increase of serum albumin and decrease of serum cholesterol were detected. 1 to 4 weeks later, decrease of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was detected. It was concluded that urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is a useful parameter for early detection of nephrotic syndrome, and serum albumin and cholesterol are useful parameters for the monitoring in early course of treatment in nephrotic syndrome.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 1997

Cell death induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), environmental toxicant, was investigated in mouse splenocytes. The fragmentation of intact DNA, a parameter of apoptotic cell death, was evaluated qualitatively by agarose gel electrophoresis analysis and quantitatively by diphenylamine reaction method. PCBs induced apoptotic cell death of splenocytes in a dose- and time- dependent manner. The effect of serum on the apoptotic cell death induced by PCBs was also investigated. The DNA fragmentation induced by PCB treatment in serum-free medium was clearly inhibited by an addition of serum to the culture medium. The decrease of DNA fragmentation due to serum addition was accompanied with the increase of cell viability.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-61
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• 1982

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the ratio of serum tyroxine$(T_4)$/thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) for the thyroid status in pregnancy and newborn serum thyroxine, TBG, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were radioimmunoassayed in normal pregnant women at each of the trimesters, and the calculated serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios were compared with other parameters such as $T_3/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio. Serum $T_4$ levels were elevated with the propotionate increase in TBG levels during pregnancy, leading to the nearly constant value of serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios as in normal non-pregnant controls. In contrast, serum $T_3/TBG$ and free $T_4/TBG$ ratios varied considerably during pregnancy. In newborn, $T_4$ levels were nearly not changed with compared non-pregnant control value and TBG levels were elevated. The results indicate that serum $T_4/TBG$ ratio is a better parameter than others in evaluating the thyroid status during pregnancy and but newborn is a no better.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-94
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• 1993

This study examined metabolic profiles of 1349 Holstein cows from 91 commercial herds. Thirteen parameters which are consisted of twelve blood components and body condition score were examined and their mean values. standard deviations and standard limits, which are 80% confidential limits, in each lactational stage were reported. The variations of each parameter affected by season, individual milk yield, adjusted corrected milk yield of herd. and lactation number were also reported. A model of metabolic profile test applicable to this country where the average number of cows in a herd is small as to be fifteen is designed. Metabolic profiles as reflected in each parameter were discussed in relation to adequacy of dietary intake for production, milk production, reproductive performance, and diseases, and the possible measure to improve productivity of dairy cows were proposed. Much of the variation in parameters was due to differences between herds, and less to differences between seasons, differences between individual milk yield, and differences between lactational stages. As the average herd size in this country is small, it is believed that all the cows in a herd must be sampled, and the individual result of each parameter was compared with the standard limit for each lactational stage, and the percentage of cows which are outside the standard limits in a herd was calculated to use as a criteria for evaluation of the herd. Data outside the 99% confidential limits were to be deleted at first, but when the trends of the data outside the 99% confidential limits are same as the trends of the data within 99% confidential limits, the deleted data must be reviewed again, otherwise some important informations would be missed. The mean concentration of blood urea nitrogen in this study was much higher than that was reported in England, U.S.A. and Japan, and it was similar to the upper limits reported in England, U.S.A. and Japan. So it was thought that the concentration of blood urea nitrogen is improper as a criteria for protein intake. The increase of serum total protein cocentration beyond standard limits was due to increase of serum globulin concentration in most of the cows. The correlation coefficient between serum and protein and serum globulin concentration was 0.83. Serum globulin concentration was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd. Serum albumin, calcium and magnessium concentrations were negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd, which indicate that high-producing individual or high-producing herd have not taken sufficient protein/amino acids, calcium and magnessium. Packed cell volume was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of the herd, and the trend was same In each lactational stage. The correlation coefficient between serum and packed cell volume was 0.16 and the correlation was very weak. Blood glucose concentration was lowest in early lactational stage, which indicates negative energy balance in early lactational stage. Blood glucose concentration was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd from peak to late lactational stage, which indicates negative energy balance during the period in high-producing individuals or high-producing herds. Correlation coefficient between serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase activity was 0.41, and this indicates that serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase should be included as a parameter of metabolic profile test to evaluate liver function. Body condition score of dairy cows in this country was lower than that of Japan in every lactational stages, and the magnitude of increase in body condition score during middle and late lactational stages was small. Metabolic profile can not be evaluated with solely nutritional intake. When an individual or large percentage of cows in a herd have adnormal values In parameters of metabolic profile test, veterinary clinician and nutritionist should cooperate so as to diagnose diseases and to calculate the e of no운ents simultaneously.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7809-7812
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• 2015

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with preoperative high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, patients with a persistently high serum CEA level after surgery have been reported to have a poor prognosis. In addition, in other cancers, the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio has been reported as a useful parameter. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 123 NSCLC patients with preoperative high CEA levels (${\geq}5ng/mL$) who underwent curative surgery between 2004 and 2011. Prognostic significance of postoperative serum CEA level and the CEA ratio was examined. Results: The 5-year survival of patients with persistently high serum CEA level after surgery was poor. On the other hand, patients with normal postoperative serum CEA levels had significant favorable prognosis. The patients with CEA ratio>1 had poor prognosis, however the number was only 7 (5.7%). The 5-year survival rates of patients with other subgroup based on the CEA ratio ($0.5{\geq}CEA$ ratio and $0.5{\leq}CEA$ $ratio{\leq}1$) was similar. Multivariate analysis revealed prognostic significance for the postoperative serum CEA level but not the CEA ratio. Conclusions: For NSCLC patients with preoperative high serum CEA level, their postoperative serum CEA levels is a more significant prognostic factor than the post/preoperative serum CEA ratio.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1989

Examination of the subacute toxicity of captafol showed that. 1) In the captafol administered group, the body weight was significantly decreased but the amounts of AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, TG in serum were remarkably elevated in comparision to those of the control group. 2) In captafol treated animals, the amount of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and in kidney were decreased, but TAB value in serum and in liver and total ATPase activity in liver and in kideny were found to be remakably elevated. 3) When captafol administered with ethanol to the group, the group showed elevated serum levels of AST, ALT and BUN but the amount of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and in kidney were decreased as the group which was treated with captafol only.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Mammalian cell cultures have been used extensively to produce proteins for therapeutic agent because of their ability to perform post-translational modification including glycosylation. To produce recombinant protein, many factors and parameter are considered such as media composition, host cell type, and culture process. In this study, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) producing cell line was established by using glutamine synthetase system. To reduce serum concentration in media, we compared direct adaptation with step adaptation. Cell growth was faster in step adaptation. In low-level serum media, there were insufficient glucose for cell growth. Thus, we added glucose in low-level serum media from 2 g/L to 4.5 g/L. Titer of rhEPO was higher than other conditions at 4.5 g/L of glucose. Additionally, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 13-cis-retinal, and pluronic F-68 (PF-68) were added to enhance productivity in CHO cell cultures. In conclusion, we applied CHO cell producing rhEPO to low-level of serum in media using step-adaptation. Also, we confirmed positive effect of NMDA, 13-cis-retinal, and PF-68.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of GamiBangkeehwangkee-tang (f$\acute{a}$ngj$\check{i}$hu$\acute{a}$ngq$\acute{i}$-t$\bar{a}$ng, BHT) ethanol extract on the immunity and rheumatoid arthritis related inflammatory cytokines. Methods : We checked viability in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by BHT. Then we measured inflammatory and immunity factors of DBA/1 mice with rheumatoid arthritis induced by collagen after BHT oral administration. Also, we checked micro-CT image, bone volume and bone inflammation ratio in micro-CT and structural parameter test. Results : BHT showed cell viability of 95% or higher in all concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. BHT treated group decreased level in serum of IgM and IgG test by 36% and 25% respectively. And BHT treated group showed significant decrease in WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocytes immune cell ratio in blood by 47%, 22%, 56% and 85% respectively. Also, BHT treated group decreased level in serum of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and hs-CRP tests by 29%, 33%, 32%, 24% and 56% respectively. Finally, BHT treated group showed increase ratio of bone volume that decrease ratio of bone inflammation. Conclusions : In this study, the results were observed rheumatoid arthritis factors cytokine decrease in serum. And BHT showed immunoglobulin and immune cells ratio decrease in serum and blood. Also, BHT depending on effects of inflammatory and immunity in hs-CRP test, micro-CT, structural parameter test. Thus, these results can used as a effective drug of BHT for inflammation and immunity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of the pleural fluid cholesterol level in separating the exudates from the transudates, and in differentiating tuberculous exudates from non-tuberculous exudates, 52 patients with pleural effusion were involved in this prospective study. By predefined criteria, 40 of these effusions were classified as exudates (Group I) and 12 as transudates (Group II). Group I was subdivided into tuberculous exudates (Group A) and non-tuberculous exudates (Group B). The followings are parameters used in separating the exudates from the transudates; pleural protein (P-PROT) 3.0 g/dl, pleural protein/serum protein ratio (P/S PORT) 0.5, pleural LDH (P-LDH) 200 IU, pleural LDH/serum LDH ratio (P/S LDH) 0.6, pleural cholesterol (P-CHOL) 50 mg/dl and pleural cholesterol/serum cholesterol ratio (P/S CHOL) 0.4. Mean values of the parameters in each group were compared, and then misclassified rate and the dignostic efficiency for each parameter were calculated. The results were as follows; 1) Mean P-CHOL ($94.98{\pm}73.86\;mg/dl$) in Group I was higher than that ($36.5{\pm}26.5\;mg/dl$) in Group II (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in mean P-CHOL between Group A and Group B. 2) Mean P/S CHOL ($0.64{\pm}0.39$) in Group I was also higher than that ($0.27{\pm}0.15$) in Group II (p<0.01), but no difference was observed in mean P/S CHOL between Group A and Group B. 3) Misclassified rates for each parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates were as follows; P-PROT 1.9%. P/S PROT 3.8%. P-CHOL 9.6%, P/S CHOL 11.5%, P/S LDH 11.5%, and P-LDH 17.3%. 4) Diagnostic efficiencies for each parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates were as follows; P-PROT 98.1%, P/S PROT 96.2%. P-CHOL 90.4%. P/S CHOL 88.5%, P/S LDH 88.5%, and P-LDH 82.7%. In conclusion, we think that the pleural fluid chloesterol level could be used as a supportive parameter in separating the exudates from the transudates, but could not be used as a parameter in differentiating tuberculous exudates from non-tuberculous exudates.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.981-990
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• 1996

To define the risk facots of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women, circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, known to be the indicator of vitamin D status, were measured and risk faxtors affecting it were investigated in 27 women with low 25-hydoxyvitamin d level(ie, the study group : serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<10ng/ml) by comparing to 55 age-matched control(the control group) were analyzed. The serum level of 25-hydorxyvitamin D was analyzed by HPLC(High Pressure Liquid Chor-matography) and analyzed biochemical parameter. The following information was obtained by interviews : sociodemographic charateristics, the intake of food containing vitamin D, proxy measure of sunlight exposure(time spent outdoors), and reprocuctive histpry of the subjects. The study group had significantly lower levels of serum calcium, increased levels of iPTH and alkaline phosphatase, Among the dietary determents, energy, protein, fat, calcium, phophorus, and vitamin D intakes were lower in the study group than the normal group. The time spent outdoors in a day was not significantly different between the two groups. However, during the day, a specific time of time spent out doors between 12:00 and 14:00 was significantly lower in the study group. Logistic analysis revealed that vitamin D and calcium intake were more important affecting factors than the time spent outdoors in post menopausal women.