• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.977-983
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• 2006

The objective was to devise an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI) against which cardioprotective drugs might be tested. We describe the effects of nimesulide, a COX experience with development and validation of such a model. The rabbit was chosen in preference to rodents because its heart and cardiac circulation more closely resemble those of human. Thus, the cardiovascular system of anaesthetized male rabbits, 1 to 1.5 kg (n=11), was stressed by a single bolus intravenous injection of isoprenaline (ISP), 65 mg/kg. The effects of the injection were followed for sixteen days and were evaluated in four ways: 1) measurements of creatinine kinase isozyme and troponin-I (TPI) in serum 2) Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes (ST elevation and Q wave development) 3) Cardiac histopathology observed in tissue sections of the isolated of the heart. The histopathological analysis showed that rabbit heart on 2nd day after ISP injection showed changes of coagulation necrosis. Day 4 total coagulation with the loss of nuclear and striation associated with heavy interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils was found. Day 8 after infarction showed collagen deposition with capillary channels in between the remaining islands of myocytes in the infarcted area. On the 16th day scarring was complete. Coronary perfusion rates (CPR) and heart rate (HR) of the infarcted and nimesulide (a COX-2 inhibitor) treated rabbits displayed significant improvement (n=11) on each corresponding day after infarction as compared to the infarcted and saline treated rabbits (P<0.05). All four indices revealed similarities with effects commonly associated with MI in humans.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 1987

Cardioplegia and myocardial protection were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass during open-heart surgery with the use of cold St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution [4=C] for the coronary artery perfusion and normal saline solution [4- C] for the topical cardiac cooling. To maintain the state of myocardial protection, coronary artery reperfusion was carried out using St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution at the interval of 30 minutes. A total number of patients studied were 57 cases, including 37 cases of correction for congenital cardiac anomalies and 20 cases for acquired heart valvular diseases. Cardiopulmonary bypass time during the surgery was observed to be average of 87.89*47.55 hours, aortic cross-clamping time to be average of 76.68~44.27 hours raging from 30 to 191 minutes. In order to evaluate the effects of myocardial protection in the surgery, serum enzyme levels were determined. To observe the relationship between aortic cross-clamping time and myocardial protection effects, patients studied were divided into the following 3 groups. I group: aortic cross-clamping time, 60 minutes, II group: aortic cross-clamping time, 90 minutes, III group: aortic cross-clamping time, over 91 minutes. 1. Changes in serum enzyme levels in postoperative period. [1] SCOT; The postoperative value [increased over 200 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 11 cases [19.3% of the total] of the total patients studied, of which 4 cases [13.3%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group, and 6 cases [35.3%] in III group. [2] LDH; The positive value [increased over 900 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 9 cases [15.7% of the total] of the total patients studied, of which 2 cases [6.6%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group, and 6 cases [35.3%] in III group. [3] CPK; The positive value [increased over 800 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 10 cases [17. 5% of the total] of the total patients studied, including 4 cases [13. 3%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group, and 5 cases [29.4%] in III group. 2. The myocardial protection method used in the present study was demonstrated to be effective for the myocardial protection in the surgery with aortic cross-clamping time of up to 90 minutes. A few ischemic myocardial injury were observed in the surgery with aortic cross-clamping time over 91 minutes, but no significant cardiac dysfunction was noted. The surgery with aortic cross-clamping time of up to 191 minutes did not appear to give rise any significant interference with postoperative recovery.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1979

1. The effects of heat stress (38$^{\circ}C$), cold stress (4$^{\circ}C$) and extreme cold stress (-20$^{\circ}C$) before slaughter on the tenderness and postmortem glycolysis if the excised chicken breast muscle were studied Heat stress significantly (p 0.05) increased the toughness of breast muscle. Though statistically not significant, cold stress also adversely affected the tenderness. The heat-stressed birds showed higher zero hr glycogen higher zero hr pH and significantly (p 0.05) love. ultimate pH then the controls. The cold-stressed birds showed intermediate values in these parameters. Highly significant correlations. were observed between shear value and each of these three parameters. Glycolysis rate ana final moisture content were minor factors which affected the muscle tenderness to a limited extent. The slightly elevated lactate-dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase activities in serum and breast muscle of stressed birds failed to account for any variations in tenderness. 2. Chicken breast and thigh muscles were subjected to different environmental temperatures to determine if the phenomenon of cold shortening exists in chicken muscle. For both breast and thigh muscles, minimum shortening was observed in the 4-10$^{\circ}C$t range. Muscles held at 0$^{\circ}C$ showed a slightly higher extent of shortening than at 4$^{\circ}C$; where as muscles held at above 20$^{\circ}C$ showed a severe shortening effect. It was concluded that no apparent cold shortening was detected in chicken muscle except at 0$^{\circ}C$ and even at 0$^{\circ}C$ and even at 0$^{\circ}C$ the extent of shortening was of a small magnitude compared to bovine muscles. Since high temperature induces a much greater shortening, muscle temperature must be lowered to below 20$^{\circ}C$ as early as possible to prevent excessive muse]e shortening.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 1989

Cardioplegia and myocardial protection were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery with the use of St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution [4 [C] for the coronary artery perfusion and normal saline solution [4[ c] for the topical cardiac cooling. To maintain the state of myocardial protection, coronary artery reperfusion was carried out using St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution at the interval of 30 minutes. A total number of patients studied were 57 cases, including 37 cases of correction for congenital anomalies and 20 cases for acquired heart diseases. Cardiopulmonary bypass time during the surgery was observed to be average of 87.89*47.55 hours, aortic cross-clamping time [ACCT] to be average of 76.68*44.27 hours raging from 30 to 191 minutes. In order to evaluate the effects of myocardial protection in the surgery, serum enzyme levels were determined. To observe the relationship between ACCT and myocardial protection effects, patients studied were divided into the following 3 groups. I group: ACCT 60 minutes, II group: ACCT 90 minutes, III group: ACCT over 91 minutes [1] SGOT; The positive value [increased over 200 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 11 cases [19.3% of the total] of the total patients studied, of which 4 cases [13.3%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group, and 6 cases [35.3%] in III group. [2] LDH; The positive value [increased over 900 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 9 cases [15.7% of the total] of the total patients studied, of which 2 cases [6.6%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group and 6 cases [35.3%] in III group. [3] CPK; The positive value [increased over 800 units] for ischemic myocardial injury during operation was observed in 10 cases [17.5% of the total] of the total patients studied, including 4 cases [13.3%] in I group, 1 case [10.0%] in II group, and 5 cases [29.4%] in III group [4] The myocardial protection method used in the present study was demonstrated to be effective for the myocardial protection in the surgery with ACCT of up to 90 minutes. A few ischemic myocardial injury were observed in the surgery with ACCT over 91 minutes, but no significant cardiac dysfunction was noted. The surgery with ACCT of up to 191 minutes did not appear to give rise any significant interference with postoperative recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 1994

Pentastarch is a new synthetic hydroxyethyl starch similar to hetastarch. We report on the clinical comparisons the clinical efficacy and safety of 10% pentastarch in prime solutions for CPB in cardiac operations with that of 20% serum albumin. During CPB, group P [n = 20] received 500ml of 10% pentastarch and group A [n = 20] received 100ml of 20% albumin in prime solutions The postoperative time of ICU stay in group P and the day and amount of chest drain, hospital stay in group A were longer [p<0.05]. Fresh whole blood and PRBC were added only in group A and a higher amount of hartman solution was added in group A during CPB [p<0.05]. Prothrombin time was prolonged preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively in group A and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05] but there were no significant differences in bleeding time or fibrinogen level. Platelet count was higher immediately postoperatively in group A and preoperatively and 1, 2, and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05].Total protein and albumin level were higher 1 day postoperatively in group A and 2 and 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. BUN was increased 2 days postoperatively in group A and Cr was increased 1 day postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. CPK was higher preoperatively and 1, 2, and 7 days postoperatively in group A and plasma hemoglobin level was also higher 2 and 7 days postoperatively in group A [p<0.05]. There were no significant differences in arterial blood gas analysis but higher pO2 and lower pCO2 levels were maintained in group P and ejection fraction was higher 7 days postoperatively in group P [p<0.05]. Both groups were improved postoperatively in NYHA class and the hemodynamic parameters such as MAP, CO, CI, SV, LVSWI were well maintained in group P [p<0.05]. The amount of blood products used was higher in group A and urine output was higher immediately postoperatively in group A and 1, 2 days postoperatively in group P and the chest output was higher in group A. The complications were developed in 7 patients in group A and 5 patients in group P and mortality was not present in both groups.In conclusion, 10% pentastarch is as safe and effective as 20% albumin in prime solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac operations.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.157-169
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• 2023

Gracilaria Verrucosa (GV), a seaweed used in traditional Korean medicine, was studied for its effects on MI-induced heart failure in rats. MI is caused by a blocked coronary artery, leading to severe cardiac dysfunction. The study used a rat model to assess cardiac changes over time and evaluate the impact of GV on heart failure. Ischemia was induced through LAD ligation surgery, and the extent of ischemic area was measured as a prognostic factor. GV extract administration significantly improved cardiac morphology and reduced cardiac weight compared to the MI group. GV treatment also improved cardiac function, as evidenced by positive effects on chamber dilation during MI-induced heart failure. Parameters such as ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured. The MI group showed decreased EF and FS compared to the sham group, while these parameters improved in the GV group. GV treatment also reduced levels of LDH, CPK, and CK-MB in the serum, indicating reduced myocardial damage. Histological analysis revealed that GV treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, with reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed suppressed expression of TGF-β1 and collagen 1, involved in fibrosis. In conclusion, GV showed potential in improving cardiac function in a rat model of MI-induced heart failure. It alleviated myocardial damage, attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and suppressed fibrotic markers. Further studies are needed to explore its clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms in cardiac diseases beyond animal models.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2011

Purpose : Atopic findings may be associated with severity of pneumonia in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection, which could suggest a possible association between atopic findings and the severity of viral infections. Thus, we studied association between atopic findings and severity of disease in children with H1N1 influenza infection. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in 74 children admitted in a single tertiary institute and confirmed as H1N1 patients by reverse transcriptase (RT) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were divided into 2 groups according to the severity of pneumonia. We evaluated whether the atopic finding is risk factor between the two groups. Results : Children with severe pneumonia had higher percentages of serum eosinophilia (88% vs 40%, P <0.001), asthma (65% vs 35%, P =0.011), allergic rhinitis (71% vs 40%, P =0.009), and IgE level (P =0.007). We found positive correlations between aeroallergen sensitizations and severity of pneumonia (82% vs 53%, P =0.007). Conclusion : Among patients with H1N1 pneumonia, asthma and atopic findings are risk factors for severity of pneumonia.