• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2011

Malignant Sertoli cell tumor was diagnosed in a 5-year-old male Shih Tzu dog. Clinical features of the dog were anorexia, urinary incontinence, constipation, anemia, alopecia, and epistaxis. The dog also had unilateral cryptorchid testis in the abdomen. Several abdominal and thoracic masses were identified on radiography. Grossly, the cryptorchid testicular mass was markedly enlarged to 8 cm in diameter. On cut surface, firm and well demarcated milk-white neoplastic areas were irregularly separated by white fibrous bands. Histologically, the testicular mass was diagnosed as tubular pattern Sertoli cell tumor. In addition, abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and neuron specific enolase, but negative for S-100 and cytokeratin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.221-224
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• 2021

A 8-year-old male Golden Retriever dog with bilateral cryptorchidism presented for evaluation of symmetric alopecia and gynecomastia. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography revealed bilateral enlargement of the testicles in the abdominal cavity. The concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the blood were evaluated, and the results revealed a low testosterone/estradiol ratio despite a normal concentration of estradiol. For correction, cryptorchid testicles were surgically removed. Grossly, the bilateral retroperitoneal cryptorchid testicles were enlarged, firm, and spherical. On histopathologic examination, the right abdominal cryptorchid testicle was diagnosed as a Sertoli cell tumor (SCT)-Seminoma (SEM) combination. The contralateral testicle in the abdomen was diagnosed as a Sertoli cell tumor. The clinical signs of feminization were improved after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of simultaneous SCT on one side and SCT-SEM combination on the other side with sex hormone profiles in a dog.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2003

Protein tyrosine kinases는 표적단백질의 tyrosine 잔기를 인산화하는 효소로서 다양한 종류의 성장인자, peptide 호르몬, cytokine 수용체 하위의 세포 내 신호전달에 관여한다. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase의 일종인 c-Src는 세포막에서 발생한 ligand-receptor 상호작용 하위의 신호전달에서 중요한 역할을 하며 C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)는 Src kinase의 C-terminal tyrosine 잔기를 인산화시켜 Src kinase의 활성을 저해한다. 이러한 Src-Csk loop를 통한 세포 내 신호전달과정은 세포의 증식과 분화, 사멸 조절에 중요한 기능을 갖지만 정소의 발생과 분화 과정에서 Src-Csk loop의 발현 및 정자형성 과정에서의 기능은 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 정소에서 출생 후 성적 성숙과정에서 Csk의 발현과 Src kinase 활성의 변동을 조사하였다. Csk mRNA 발현은 생 후 2주령 이하의 미성숙 정소에서 다량으로 발현되었고 사춘기 정소 이후에는 오히려 감소하였다. Csk 단백질의 발현 양상은 mRNA 발현양상과 일치하였다. c-Src kinase 활성은 생 후 2주에 급격히 증가하고 이 후 4주령에서 감소하다가 성체 (8주령)에서 다시 증가하여 가장 높았다. 성체 조직의 Csk 단백질 현존량이 미성숙 개체보다 적은 반면 Src kinase 활성은 가장 높아 Csk 발현의 감소는 Src kinase 활성을 증가하는 것으로 사료된다. 면역조직화학방법으로 정소 조직 내 Csk의 발현양상을 조사한 결과 Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, germ cell 등 도처에서 발현되었으며 Sertoli cell 에서의 발현은 세정관 상피의 구성에 따른 차이가 확인되었다. 성체의 세정관 내에서는 감수분열 이후의 정세포(spermatid)를 감싸고 있는 Sertoli cell의 강소측에서 강한 Csk 활성이 검출되어 생식세포의 분화과정 동안 세정관 상피의 조직재구성에 관여하는 것으로 사료된다. Leydig cell에서의 발현은 생후 1주령까지는 미미하였으나 이후 2주령 이후에는 다량으로 발현함이 확인되어 adult type Leydig cell에서 진행되는 steroidogenesis와의 관련성을 추측할 수 있다. 미성숙 정소로부터 분리한 Sertoli cell-enriched culture에 200 nM testosterone을 처리하였을 때 Csk mRNA의 발현의 증가를 확인할 수 있었으므로 androgen에 의한 Sertoli cell의 분화과정에 Csk가 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 성적 성숙에 따른 생쥐 정소 내 Src-Csk loop의 발현과 Src kinase 활성의 변동은 정소 내 간충조직, 세정관 상피의 증식 및 기능적 분화 과정을 매개하는 생리적 활성분자 수용체 하위의 신호전달 과정에 Src-Csk loop에 의한 조절가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

In an effort to uncover the spermatogenic impairment by the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the expression of tight junctions (TJs) genes important for the formation of the blood testis barrier (BTB) were examined following the 3,3',4,4',5-pentachloro biphenyl (PCB126) treatment in cultured neonatal testis in mice. At 4 days (D4) after 10 and 100 nM PCB126 treatment the expression of claudin-11 was significantly increased when compared with vehicle control. In contrast no difference in occludin and claudin-1 expression was found among the experimental group. On D8, 100 nM PCB126 significantly increased the expression of claudin-11 but not occludin and claudin-1. 1 uM PCB126 treatment significantly decreased expressions of occludin and ciaudin -1, suggesting the general toxic effect on the Sertoli cell. Because PCB126 does not alter the proliferative activity of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells in neonatal testis, it is likely that increase in the expression of claudin-11 by low dose of PCB126 may attribute to the alteration of the Sertoli cells differentiation in testis. It also emphasized that PCB126 might have differentially affected the transcription of TJ genes in Sertoli cells. In conclusion, this result suggests that the structure of TJ may be targeted by PCB126 in neonatal testis in mice and that co-PCB is potentially harmful to spermatogenesis by alteration of the development of BTB.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bombycis corpus on reproductive dysfunction caused by aging. Methods: The experimental group was divided into three groups: a control group consisting of 8-week-old male ICR mice without any treatment, An aging-elicited group (AE group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice without any treatment, and a Bombycis corpus treatment group (BC group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice with treatment Bombycis corpus extract (0.78 g/kg/day) for 6 months. After 6 months, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry of the testis were performed to investigate the effects of Bombycis corpus on the reproductive dysfunction caused by aging. Results: In the first step, Bombycis corpus increased spermatogenesis and distribution of sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule, increased BrdU positive reaction in the spermatogonium at the basal part of the seminiferous tubule, and decreased the apoptosis of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule. In addition, Bombycis corpus increased AR positive in Sertoli cells and $17{\beta}-HSD$ positive in leydig cells. Finally, Bombycis corpus decreased 8-OHdG positivite reaction in the spermatids of the seminiferous lumen, caspase-3 positivity in leydig cells, and HDAC1 positivite reaction in sertoli cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that Bombycis corpus increases spermatogenesis, decreases apoptosis of leydig cells and Sertoli cells, increases the production and action of testosterone in the testis, and inhibits DNA damages and DNA transcripts decrease in the testis, Thereby improving reproductive dysfunction caused by aging.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-193
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• 2004

A 9-year-old male poodle dog exhibited a white to yellow 3.0$\times$2.0$\times$3.9 cm mass in the left testicle with cryptorchidism and monorchidism. Grossly, necrosis and hemorrhage were observed on the cut surface of the mass. Histopathologically the mass consisted of seminoma and sertoli cell tumor (SCT). Seminoma was characterized with diffuse solitary pattern in which tumor cells had polygonal nuclei and clear cell border. SCT was composed of compact neoplastic cells with small nuclei and indefinite cytoplasm. The tumor was occupied mainly with SCT. SCT and seminoma were observed occasionally in the same lesion. From these results, this case was diagnosed as concurrent seminoma and SCT in the left cryptorchidism and monorchidism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent occurrence of seminoma and SCT in a dog with cryptorchidism and monorchidism in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.523-525
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• 2008

11 year old male Yorkshire terrier was referred to Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with signs of hematuria, petechia, and gynecomastia. Blood works revealed severe leukopenia, moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. On ultrasonography and radiography, mixed echo texture mass was found in abdomen. The abdominal mass was surgically removed, and submitted for histopathology. Histopathologic features of the tissues were consistent with malignant Sertoli cell tumor. Bone marrow aspirates were hypocellular. Serum estrogen concentration was 72.80 pg/ml (normal range for females <15 pg/ml) after surgery. Clinical signs of feminization and hemorrhagic diathesis were attributed to hyperestrinism caused by the tumor. The dog was put on fluid therapy, antibiotics and palliative drugs and survived 2 more weeks after surgery without clinical improvement.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 1999

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticize. known as one of endocrine disruptors. The present study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of prepubertal rat testis after oral administration of DEHP in dosages of 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg or 5g/kg in 0.5 ml of corn oil daily for a week. This study revealed the DEHP inhibited the development of seminiferous tubules and induced structural changes on various cell types of the rat testis. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and the developing germ cells seemed to be impaired their differentiations in terms of the structural changes of cell organelles. The increase of heterochromatin in amount were common features in all 3 cell types. In addition, the Leydig cells were characterized by the increases in number and size of lysosomes and the scantiness of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The Sertoli cells became irregular in nuclear envelope and the cytoplasm decreased, but the number of lysosomes and vacuoles seemed to be increased. There were some indications of necrosis of the germ cells, such as vacuolized nucleus and segregated nucleolus. These detrimental effects of DEHP on the rat testis were dose dependent and suppressed spermatogenesis decreasing developing germ cells in number and appearances. The effect of DEHP on ultrastructure of rat testis, as its known physiological functions, seems come from the decreased level of testosterone by Leydig cells, followed by the abnomalities of Sertoli cells and the germ cells.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent carcinogen and is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. In mammalian testes, Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis. Therefore, if these cells are negatively affected by exposure to xenotoxic chemicals, spermatogenesis can be seriously disrupted. In this context, we evaluated whether mouse testicular TM4 Sertoli cells are susceptible to the induction of cytotoxicity-mediated cell death after exposure to B[a] P in vitro. In the present study, while B[a]P and B[a]P-7,8-diol were not able to induce cell death, exposure to BPDE resulted in cell death. BPDE-induced cell death is accompanied by the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and cytochrome c release from mitochondria were observed in benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-treated cells. These results indicate that TM4 cells are susceptible to apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression was almost undetectable in TM4 cells and that its expression was not altered after B[a]P treatment. This indicates that TM4 cells are nearly AhR-deficient. In TM4 cells, the CYP1A1 protein and its activity were not present. From these results, it is clear that AhR may be a prerequisite for CYP1A1 expression in TM4 cells. Therefore, TM4 cells can be referred to as CYP1A1-deficient cells. Thus, TM4 Sertoli cells are believed to have a rigid and protective cellular machinery against genotoxic agents. In conclusion, it is suggested that tolerance to B[a]P cytotoxicity is associated with insufficient AhR and CYP1A1 expression in testicular Sertoli cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.367-373
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• 2017

This study was performed using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the effect of Gami-Shinkiwhan(GS) on reproductive function of male aged mice. 8-weeks-old ICR mice were used as control group, without any treatment, and 15-month-old ICR mice were used as aging elicited group(AE) and Gami-Shinkiwhan treatment group(GS). AE group didn't restrict diets and drinking for 6 months without any treatment. GS was administered 0.56g/kg/day for 6 months. Compared with AE group, the cell division of sertoli cells, spermatids, and spermatogonial cells was increased and the apoptosis of sertoli cells was decreased on GS group. Androgen receptor positive reaction and $17{\beta}$-HSD positive reaction were significantly increased in the GS group compared to AE group. In addition, the DJ-1 positive reaction was significantly increased and the HDAC3 positive response was significantly decreased in the GS group compared with AE group. Based on the above results, GS prevented the apoptosis of sertoli cells in the tubules, and increased the production of sertoli cells, spermatozoa and testosterone. Based on this, it is thought that it improves male reproductive dysfunction caused by late-onset hypogonadism.