• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Bimodal Tram developed by KRRI is driven by a series Hybrid propulsion system which has both the CNG engine, generator and LPB(Lithium Polymer Battery) pack. It has three driving modes; Hybrid mode, Engine mode and Battery mode. Even in case of Battery mode, LPB pack to get enough power to drive the vehicle only by itself onsists of 168 LPB cells(80Ah per lcell), 650V. It is important thing to manage LPB pack in a right way, which will extend the lifetime of LPB cells and operate in the hybrid mode effectively. This paper has shown the development of battery management system(12 BMS, 1 BMS per 14cells) to manage LPB pack which is connected with CAN(Controller Area Network) each other and measure the voltage, current, temperature and also control the cooling fan inside of LPB pack. Using the measured data, BMS can show the SOC(State of Charge), SOH(State of Health) and other status of LPB pack including of the cell balancing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.597-598
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• 2005

Recently, the performance of portable electric equipment can often improved by a Li-ion battery assisted by a supercapacitor. A supercapacitor can provide high power density as well as a low resistance in the hybrid system. In this study, we have prepared, as the pluse power souce, a commercially supplied Li-ion battery with a capacity of 700mAh and AC resistivity of $60m\Omega$ at 1kHz and nonaqeous asymmetric hybrid capacitor composed of an activated carbon cathode and MCMB anode, and have examined the electrochemical characteristics of hybrid capacitor and the pulse performances of parallel connected battery/hybrid capacitor source. The nonaqueous asymmetric hybrid capacitor, the stacks of 10 pairs of the cathode, the porous separator and the anode electrode were housed in Al-laminated film cell. The hybrid capacitor, which was charged and discharged at a constant current at $0.25mA/cm^2$ between 3 and 4.3V, has exhibited the capacitance of 100F. And the equivalent series resistance was $32m\Omega$ at 1kHz. By combining a Li-ion battery and a hybrid capacitor, the pulse performance of battery can be improved 23% in run time under a pulse discharge of 7C-rate.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1812-1820
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• 2017

This paper analyzes a symmetric active cell balancer for a battery management system. The considered cell balancer uses a forward converter in which the circuit structure is symmetric. This cell-balancing method uses fewer switches and is simpler than the previously proposed active cell-balancing circuits. Active power switches of this cell-balancing circuit operate simultaneously with the same pulse width modulation signals. Therefore, this cell-balancing circuit requires less time to be balanced than a previous bidirectional-forward-converter-based cell balancer. This paper analyzes the operational principles and modes of this cell balancer with computer-based circuit simulation results as well as experimental results in which each unbalanced cell is equalized with this cell balancer. The maximum power transfer efficiency of the investigated cell balancer was 87.5% from the experimental results. In addition to the experimental and analytical results, this paper presents the performance of this symmetric active cell-balancing method.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.212-213
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• 2019

High power and energy applications of battery require a large number of batteries to be connected in series, parallel or mixed configurations. The reliability or these batteries is improved by making them tolerant to faults i.e. by bypassing the fault cells and adding new cells to compensate the voltage and current requirement. The addition or removal or cells may cause the current stress on other healthy cells. The estimation and control or this current stress is one or the technique proposed by other researchers. This study intends to identify a suitable scalable configuration which can either avoid or reduce the efforts on the estimation and control of stress current. In addition, this paper will explore the issues associated with hot-swap.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 1997

This paper proposes the equalizing charger of series connected batteries which are controlled by the time-sharing method. One-chip microprocessor dectcts the terminal voltage of each battery and then determines the charging time inversely proportional to the terminal voltage so that it decrease the un¬balanced capacity. This system is compact and light, therefore it can be applied to portable equipment such as charger for electric vehicle. And it's so effective as to prevent from overcharging which causes their life to shorten.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.210-213
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• 1999

A battery is the device that transforms the chemical energy into the direct-current electrical energy directly without a mechanical process. Unit cells are connected in series to obtain the necessary voltage, while being connected in parallel to organize capacity for load current and to decrease the internal resistance for corresponding the sudden shift of the load current. The circular-current, however, could be occurred when the system is driven in parallel. As a result, the new batteries are heated by over-change and discharge, and the over charge current makes to increase the rust of the positive grid and consequently the shortened life of the new batteris would be shown. In this paper, the internal resistance of charge and discharge will be balanced, through inserting the resistance into the system by way of calculation of the changed amount of internal resistance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.422-428
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• 1996

This study was conducted to developed to develop a simple battery-powered autonomous vehicle for greenhouse works. A steering method using speed difference of two independent driving motors was adopted. DC motor driving circuit, speed control circuit and controller using one-chip microcomputer were constructed. The inputs of controller are rolling of the vehicle and current speed of driving motors. Using these signals, automatic guidance system along furrow was developed. A computer simulation program by the kenematic analysis was developed to find out optimal control algorithm. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Automatic guidance system along the furrow that adopted two independent driving motors and rolling of vehicle was developed. 2. The results of simulation showed that PID control was adequate to automatic guidance system along furrow. 3. Two commercial 12V battery serially connected were able to drive the vehicle on the soil ground for five hours in continuous operation and for four hours in intermittent operation without recharging the battery. 4. The speed range was 0-0.7m/s and the rolling of vehicle could be controlled within $pm5^{\circ}$ range. 5. From a series of tests, developed vehicle was found to be a useful tool for greenhouse works.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.413-415
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• 2008

The charge equalizer design for a series connected battery string is very challenging because it needs to satisfy many requirements such as implementation possibility, equalization speed, equalization efficiency, controller complexity, size and cost issues, voltage and current stress, and so on. Numerous algorithms and circuits were developed to meet the above demands and some interesting results have been obtained through them. However, for a large number of cells, for example, eighty or more batteries, the previous approaches might cause problems. Such problems include long equalization time, high controller complexity, bulky size, high implementation cost, and high voltage and current stress. To overcome these circumstances, this paper proposes a charge equalizer design method based on a battery modularization technique. In this method, the number of cells that we consider in an equalizer design procedure can be effectively reduces; thus, designing a charge equalizer becomes much easier. Furthermore, by applying the previously verified charge equalizers to the intramodule and the outer-module, we can obtain easy design of a charge equalizer and good charge balancing performance. Several examples and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the charge equalizer design method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This paper shows a satellite battery cell voltage monitor system to make differential voltage measurements when one or both measurement points are beyond voltage range allowed by a conventional differential amplifier. This system is particularly useful for monitoring the individual cell voltage of series-connected cells that constitute a rechargeable satellite battery in which some cell voltages must be measured in the presence of high common mode voltage.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are predominantly employed in electric vehicles and energy storage devices, offering the advantage of high energy density. However, they are susceptible to efficiency degradation when operated at high temperatures due to their sensitivity to the external environment. In this study, we conducted experiments using an indirect cooling method to prevent thermal runaway and explosions in lithium-ion batteries. The results were validated by comparing them with heat transfer simulations conducted through a commercial finite element analysis program. The experiments included single-cell exothermic tests and cooling experiments on a battery pack with 10 cells connected in series, utilizing 21700 lithium-ion batteries. To block external temperature influences, the experimental environment featured an extrusion method insulation in the environmental chamber. The cooling system, suitable for indirect cooling, was constructed with copper tubes and pins. The heat transfer analysis began by presenting a single-cell heating model using commercial software, which was then employed to analyze the heating and cooling of the battery pack.