• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2014

The series connected battery cells are mainly used in high voltage battery pack application. However parameter inequality of each battery cell makes battery voltage imbalance problem. In this paper, a new balancing circuit utilizing converter scheme for the series connected battery cells is proposed. Proposed circuit offers easy control and fast equalization time. Moreover the circuit can be used in a practical application because it has high modularity and can operate during the charging/discharging cycle. To show its superiorness and effectiveness, the principle of proposed circuit is explained with computer simulation and experiment is carried out using lithium-ion battery.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2020년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.381-382
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• 2020

In the battery energy storage system, battery cells are connected in series to increase the operating voltage. Due to the difference in characteristics, the performance degradation of cells is dissimilar. This paper proposes an online DC internal impedance estimation for battery cells in the series string using a matrix-switched capacitor converter, which is already verified as useful for the series balancing of the cells. The simulation in the hardware in the loop test rig shows good accuracy and the feasibility of the proposed method.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.535-537
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• 2008

This paper proposes a modularized two-stage charge equalization converter for a series-connected lithium-ion battery string. In this paper, the series-connected battery sting is modularized into M modules, and each module has K cells in series. With this modularization, low voltage stress on the electronic devices can be achieved. A two-stage dc-dc converter with cell selection switches is employed. The first stage dc-dc converter steps down the high bus voltage to about 10 V. The second stage dc-dc converter integrated with selection switches equalizes the cell voltages. A prototype for 88 lithium-ion battery cells is optimally designed and implemented. Experimental results verify that the proposed equalization method has good cell balancing performance showing low voltage stress, small size, and low cost.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.36-38
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• 2018

As the battery capacity requirement increases, battery cells are connected in a parallel configuration. However, the sharing current of each battery cell becomes unequal due to the imbalance between cell's impedance which results the mismatched states of charge (SOC). The conventional fixed-resistance balancing methods have a limitation in battery equalization performance and system efficiency. This paper proposes a battery equalization method based on dynamic resistance technique, which can improve equalization performance and reduce the loss dissipation. Based on the SOC rate of parallel connected battery cells, the switches in the equalization circuit are controlled to change the equivalent series impedance of the parallel branch, which regulates the current flow to maximize SOC utilization. To verify the method, operations of 4 parallel-connected 18650 Li-ion battery cells with 3.7V-2.6Ah individually are simulated on Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the SOCs are balanced within 1% difference with less power dissipation over the conventional method.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.26-27
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• 2011

This paper focuses on the zero-voltage/zero current transition voltage equalization circuit for the series connected battery cell. By adding auxiliary resonant cells at the main switching devices such as MOSFET or IGBT, zero current switching is achieved and turned off loss of switching elements is eliminated and by the voltage/second balancing of the inductor, zero voltage switching can be applied to switching element. Transformer coupling between battery cells and ZVZCT (Zero Voltage Zero Current Transition) switching method allow the fast balancing speed and high frequency operation, which reduces the size and weight of the circuit. The validity of the battery equalization is further verified using simulation involving four lithium-ion battery cell models.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.695-703
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 배터리 팩을 구성하는데 있어 높은 전압의 직렬 연결된 배터리 모듈의 병렬 연결에서 발생할 수 있는 순환 전류를 제거하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제거 방법은 배터리 팩의 구성상에 있어서 양방향 DCDC 컨버터와 슈퍼 캐패시터를 이용한 VVSM(Variable Voltage Variable Module)이라고 명명한 모듈을 직렬 연결된 배터리 셀들 중 하나 대신에 삽입하는 방식인데 VVSM은 이 모듈에서 마치 우리가 원하는 전압으로 제어할 수 있는 배터리 셀처럼 동작한다. 전압을 가변할 수 있는 배터리 셀(VVSM)을 이용하여 직렬 연결된 배터리 모듈의 전압을 아주 손쉽게 일치시킬 수 있었다. 제시한 방법을 증명하기 위해 배터리를 모형화한 모델을 이용하여 모의 실험을 시행 하였다. 또한 직렬 연결된 배터리 셀 만으로 된 모듈과 제안한 VVSM이 적용된 모듈을 실제 제작하여 두 모듈을 병렬 연결하여 둘 사이에 순환 전류를 측정하여 비교함으로써 제안된 방법이 효과적으로 순환 전류을 억제할 수 있음을 검증하였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.274-276
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• 2008

This paper proposes an individual charge equalization converter using selective two current paths for series connected lithium-ion battery strings. In the proposed equalizer, a central equalization converter acting as a controllable current source is sequentially connected in parallel with individual batteries through an array of cell selection switches. A flyback converter with a modified rectifier realizes a controllable current source. A central equalization converter is shared by every battery cells through the cell selection switch, instead of a dedicated charge equalizer for each cell. With this configuration, although the proposed equalizer has one dc-dc converter, individual charge equalization can be effectively achieved for the each cell in the strings. Furthermore, since the proposed equalizer would not allocate the separated dc-dc converter to each cell, such that the implementation of great size reduction and low cost can be allowed. In this paper, an optimal power rating design guide is also employed to obtain a minimal balancing size while satisfying equalization requirements. A prototype for eight lithium-ion battery cells is optimally designed and implemented. Experimental results verify that the proposed equalization method has good cell balancing performance showing small size, and low cost.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.472-480
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• 2009

In this paper, a charge equalization converter with parallel-connected primary windings of transformers is proposed. The proposed work effectively balances the voltage among Lithium-Ion battery cells despite each battery cell has low voltage gap compared with its state of charge (SOC). The principle of the proposed work is that the equalizing energy from all battery strings moves to the lowest voltage battery through the isolated dc/dc converter controlled by the corresponding solid state relay switch. For this research a prototype of four Lithium-Ion battery cells is optimally designed and implemented, and experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent cell balancing performance.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.420-421
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• 2010

In this paper, a multi-module selective battery equalizer for series-connected Li-ion battery pack is proposed. Selective Equalizer (SE) scheme achieves smaller volume and lighter weight than individual cell equalizer (ICE) by minimizing the part count of bulky circuit element. However, SE scheme shows slow balancing speed when the voltage imbalance simultaneously occurs in more than one cell. The proposed multi-module overcomes the problem by employing multiple power converters. Prototype hardware is implemented and experimented with 14Ah battery cells to validate the performance of the proposed equalizer.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.256-258
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• 2007

A charge equalization converter with parallel-connected primary windings of transformers is proposed in digest. The proposed work effectively balance the voltage among Lithium-Ion battery cells despite each battery cell has low voltage gap compared with its SOC. The principle of the proposed work is that the equalizing energy from all battery strings moves to the lowest voltage battery through the isolated dc/dc converter controlled by the corresponding bi-directional switch. In this digest, a prototype of four Lithium-Ion battery cells is optimally designed and implemented, and experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent cell balancing performance.