• 한국간담췌외과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.386-394
• /
• 2022

Splenic artery steal syndrome (SASS) is a cause of graft hypoperfusion leading to the development of biliary tract complications, graft failure, and in some cases to retransplantation. Its management is still controversial since there is no universal consensus about its prophylaxis and consequently treatment. We present a case of SASS that occurred 48 hours after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) in a 56-year-old male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and severe portal hypertension, and who was successfully treated by splenic artery embolization. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database, and a total of 22 studies including 4,789 patients who underwent OLTx were relevant to this review. A prophylactic treatment was performed in 260 cases (6.2%) through splenic artery ligation in 98 patients (37.7%) and splenic artery banding in 102 (39.2%). In the patients who did not receive prophylaxis, SASS occurred after OLTx in 266 (5.5%) and was mainly treated by splenic artery embolization (78.9%). Splenic artery ligation and splenectomies were performed, respectively, in 6 and 20 patients (2.3% and 7.5%). The higher rate of complications registered was represented by biliary tract complications (9.7% in patients who received prophylaxis and 11.6% in patients who developed SASS), portal vein thrombosis (respectively, 7.3% and 6.9%), splenectomy (4.8% and 20.9%), and death from sepsis (4.8% and 30.2%). Whenever possible, prevention is the best way to approach SASS, considering all the potential damage arising from an arterial graft hypoperfusion. Where clinical conditions do not permit prophylaxis, an accurate risk assessment and postoperative monitoring are mandatory.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2009

목 적: 간 이식 소아에서 발생한 PTLD의 경험을 통해 발현 양상, 발병 위험 인자, 진단 방법, 치료 및 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들을 알아보았다. 방 법: 1988년 1월부터 2009년 6월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 간 이식을 받은 소아 148명 중 PTLD로 진단된 8명의 환아들을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 이식당시 나이, 이식 후 PTLD 증상이 나타날 때 까지의 기간, 임상적 증상, 조직학적 소견, EBV 검사 결과, 치료 및 경과에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과: 간 이식 후 PTLD의 유병률은 5.4%였고, 발생시기는 조기 PTLD가 6명(75%), 후기 PTLD가 2명(25%)이었다. 대상 환아의 간 이식 당시 나이는 평균8.1${\pm}$4.4개월로, 12개월 미만이 7명(87.5%), 12개월 이후가 1명(12.5%)이었다. PTLD 진단 시 주증상은 발열, 설사, 혈변이었고 모두 장이나 장간막 림프절 침범이 있었다. 3명은 개복 수술로 5명은 상부 위장관 내시경이나 대장 내시경을 통한 조직 검사로 진단되었다. 조직학적 진단은 early lesion이 3명, polymorphic PTLD 2명, monomorphic PTLD 1명, Burkitt 림프종 1명, B 세포 림프종이 1명이었다. EBV는 7명에서 양성을 보였다. 치료는 전례에서 1차 치료로 면역억제제를 중지하고 항바이러스제(ganciclovir)를 투여 하였다. 4명의 환아들에서 rituximab을 추가하였고 Burkitt 림프종과 B 세포림프종으로 진단된 환아들은 각각 항암 치료를 병행하였다. B 세포 림프종으로 진단되어 치료 중에 패혈증으로 1명이 사망하였으며 나머지 7명은 호전되었다. 결 론: 1세 미만에 간 이식을 받은 경우가 PTLD 발생의 주요한 위험 인자였으며, EBV viral load의 지속적인 감시와 위장관 내시경을 통한 조직 검사가 PTLD 조기진단에 유용할 것으로 생각한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제69권6호
• /
• pp.469-473
• /
• 2010

Nocardia farcinia, an aerobic, gram-positive bacilli actinomycetes of the genus Nocardia, is an uncommon pathogen found in humans. The most common Nocardia infection sites are the lung, central nervous system, and skin. Even though hematogenous dissemination can occur, isolation of the organism from blood cultures is very rare. We report a case of Nocardia infection that was isolated on blood cultures. A 59-year-old male with a medical history that includes a liver transplantation 6-years prior due to hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis B, developed pneumonia and was transferred to Severance Hospital. At the time of admission, the patient's initial exam showed hypothermia, tachypnea, and hypotension. His chest radiograph showed severe pneumonia and a large abscess on left upper lobe. Under the presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or other opportunistic infection, we started broad spectrum antibiotics. However, he developed Nocardia sepsis, rapidly deteriorated, and subsequently died.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 1999

The results of hepatic portojejunostomy in 34 patients with biliary atresia operated upon by one surgeon between May 1989 and December 1997 were analyzed. Eleven (32.3 %) patients were 60 days or younger, 14 patient (41.2 %) were between 60 and 90 days, and 9 (26.5 %) were over 90 days of age. Jaundice cleared in 20 cases (58.8 %). Three patients died of liver insufficiency, 2 were anicteric but died from esophageal variceal bleeding. Three patients died as a result of sepsis, heart failure and left kidney agenesis. Five patients were lost to follow-up. The five-year survival rate was 73.8 %. Two patients over 90 days of age, survived more than 5 years. Survival rates were not significantly related to the age at operation. We conclude that hepatic portojejunostomy should be considered as a primary surgical modality for biliary atresia, even at age 90 days or more. Early detection of esophageal varices and sclerotherapy may be necessary. Liver transplantation is necessary if hepatic failure develops.

• Journal of Clinical Nutrition
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Intense multidisciplinary team effort is required for the intestinal rehabilitation of patients afflicted with the short bowel syndrome (SBS). These include enteral and parenteral nutrition (PN) support, monitoring of complications related to treatment, and considering further medical or surgical options for intestinal adaptation. Methods: In the Intestinal Rehabilitation Team (IRT) at the Samsung Medical Center, we have experienced 20 cases of adult SBS requiring multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation. This study is a retrospective review of the collected medical records. Results: Of the 20 subjects treated, 12 patients were male and 8 patients were female. At the time of referral to the IRT, the mean age was 51.5 years, and the mean body weight was 50.1 kg, which was 90% of the usual body weight. The diseases or operative managements preceding massive bowel resection were malignancy in 11 cases, cardiac surgery in 2 cases, trauma in 2 cases and one case, each of tuberculosis, corrosive esophagitis, atrial fibrillation, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation, and perforated appendicitis. Of these, there were 14 survivals and 6 mortalities. The fatalities were attributed to progression of disease, intestinal failure-associated liver disease, and sepsis (unrelated to intestinal failure) (2 cases each). Among the 14 surviving patients, 8 patients have been weaned off PN, whereas 6 are still dependent on PN (mean PN dependence 36%). Conclusion: This paper reports the results of multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation of adult short bowel patients treated at the Samsung Medical Center. Further studies are required to improve survival and enteral tolerance of these patients.