• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to observe the histologic changes of surrounding maxillary sutures to the widening of midpalatal suture, using two adult dogs, weighing about 10 kg, for experimental, and one for control group. After widening of the midpalatal suture with expansion screw for ten days was performed, and followed by sacrifice of experimental animals. Tissues were excised from 5 surrounding maxillary suture portions such as, internasal, interfrontal, midsagittal, zygomatrco-temporal, and midpalatal sutures. After that, the specimens were fixed and decalcified in $10\%$ formalin sol. and $5\%$ nitric acid. Embedding in paraffin and serial sections at a thickness of 5 micron was done, After Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and light microscopic examination, Following results were obtained: 1. In midpalatal suture area, which showed most prominent histologic change, High degree of fibronlastic and osteoblastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae with osteoid tissue projection into the fibrous connective tissue were observed. 2. In interfrontal suture area, moderate degree of fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation was observed. 3. In internasal suture area, active osteoblastic and osteoclastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae was observed, and separation of fibrous connective tissue was also observed. 4. In midsagittal and zygomatico-temporal suture areas, no histologic changes can be observed.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2002

This study has main purpose to understand and interpret the house Nok-U-dang, an upper class built in Chosun dynasty, not by outsider researcher's view but insider dweller's view. To interpret correctly, dweller's everyday life in the space and form is examined on a microscale beyond the physical space and form of the house, main object of architectural history To understand the present form exactly, the study restore traditional life in past era, 1940s. Main method of restoration is the ethnographic interview, based on cultural anthropology. Like any other upper-class house, the house has been influenced under ruling Confucian ideology in Chosun dynasty: separation of man's and woman's quarters and hierachical arrangement by generation, and worshipping ceremony for ancestor. However, it is by practical management for agricultural production that every court and building of the Noku-Dang can be explained correctly; preparing seed for sowing, tool storing, preparing and serving meal for laborers, making manure, harvesting, threshing grain, storing grain and so on. Precedent studies interpreted the house by the Confucian principle too much and made conclusion of dignity and austerity of ritual: woman's quarter, is closed and serene space. However this study shows that the space is semi-opened and composite space by agricultural works. And the Sarangchae, master's quarter, is located properly at visual center to control every agricultural activity.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.634-643
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the type and frequency of end colostomy-related complications and to identify the risk factors for those complications. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records was made in 708 patients who underwent end colostomy in Samsung Medical Center between October 1994 and February 2005. The type was divided into stomal and peristomal complications: stomal complications included bleeding, necrosis, mucocutaneous separation, prolapsed stoma, retraced stoma, stenosis, and hyperplasia; peristomal complications did peristomal varix, peristomal hernia, irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration, folliculitis, hyperplasia, bacterial infection, candidal infection, malignancy in the peristomal area, mechanical damage and pyoderma gangrenosum. Results: For stomal complications, hyperplasia was most common(9.0%). For peristomal complications, irritant contact dermatitis was developed in 17.4%. Sex and BMI were risk factors for irritant contact dermatitis, hyperplasia, peristomal hernia, flat stoma, and retracted stoma. Conclusion: Teaching for preventing irritant contact dermatitis such as proper pouching and peristomal skin protection, and for comprehensive weight control should be emphasized on self care program for ostomates, while ostomy care nurse should take a careful consideration of preoperative ostomy site marking in female obese patients.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1129-1138
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• 1997

Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite containing equiaxed grains and Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite containing elongated grains were fabricated using Al2O3-Y2O3 composition and Al2O3-La2O3 composition, respectively, by hot-pressing. In order to investigate the influence of microstructural control of second phase on toughening effect of toughened ceramic composites, AE (acoustic emission) measurements have been coupled with fracture toughness experiments(SENB and SEPB method). A separation of the fracture toughness and analysis of toughening mechanism was possible using the AE technique. The fracture toughness of hot-pressed materials was estimated to be 3.2 MPam0.5 for monolithic alumina, 4.7 MPam0.5 for Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite and 6.2 MPam0.5 for Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite. In monolithic Al2O3, toughening does not occur as a result of either microcracking or grain bridging, whereas, composites exhibit toughening effects by both microcracking in the frontal zone and gain bridging in the wake zone, resulting in an improvement of fracture toughness as compared with monolithic Al2O3. The fracture toughness of Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite is higher than that of Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite. It may be attributed to the elongated microstructure of Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite, resulting relatively greater bridging effect.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1283-1289
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• 2009

Eco-physiological research and the control of Cochlodinium polykrikoides was carried out to elucidate eco-physiological characteristics of red tide organism through culture experiment depending on the condition of photon irradiance. Oxygen consumption of C. polykrikoides was high with a value of 1.12 mg/L/hr in the dark compared with that of 0.13 mg/L/hr at $100{\mu}mEm^{-2}s^{-1}$. DO values in a circular chamber with the lapse of time in seawater containing C. polykrikoides were declined in the dark period. DO values of seawater containing C. polykrikoides in the dark were declined from 7.01 mg/L to 2.65 mg/L in 30 cm depth and from 7.01 mg/L to 6.63 mg/L in 5 cm depth depending on the depth of circular culture vessel. Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and file fish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer exposed to Cochlodinium showed the separation of the lamella epithelium from gill filament, which disrupted the respiratory process at the gill level.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.181-184
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• 2006

High-speed flight vehicle have various cavities. The supersonic cavity flow is complicated due to vortices, flow separation and reattachment, shock and expansion waves. The general cavity flow phenomena include the formation and dissipation of vortices, which induce oscillation and noise. The oscillation and noise greatly affect flow control, chemical reaction, and heat transfer processes. The supersonic cavity' flow with high Reynolds number is characterized by the pressure oscillation due to turbulent shear layer, cavity geometry, and resonance phenomenon based on external flow conditions, The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect aerodynamic performance and stability. In the present study, we performed numerical analysis of cavities by applying the unsteady, compressible three dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with the ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ turbulence model. The cavity model used for numerical calculation had a depth(D) of 15mm cavity aspect ratio(L/D) of 3, width to spanwise ratio(W/D) of 1.0 to 5.0. Based on the PSD(Power Spectral Density) and CSD(Cross Spectral Density) analysis of the pressure variation, the dominant frequency was analyized and compared with the results of Rossiter's Eq.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

High-speed flight vehicle have various cavities. The supersonic cavity flow is complicated due to vortices, flow separation, reattachment, shock waves and expansion waves. The general cavity flow phenomena includes the formation and dissipation of vortices, which induce oscillation and noise. The oscillation and noise greatly affect flow control, chemical reaction, and heat transfer processes. The supersonic cavity flow with high Reynolds number is characterized by the pressure oscillation due to turbulent shear layer, cavity geometry, and resonance phenomenon based on external flow conditions. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect aerodynamic performance and stability. In the present study, we performed numerical analysis of cavities by applying the unsteady, compressible three dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with the ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ turbulence model. The cavity model used for numerical calculation had a depth(D) of 15mm cavity aspect ratio (L/D) of 3, width to spanwise ratio(W/D) of 1.0 to 5.0. Based on the PSD(Power Spectral Density) and CSD(Cross Spectral Density) analysis of the pressure variation, the dominant frequency was analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's Eq.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.515-518
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• 1997

Resident time of the centrifugal extractor for organic phase extraction using a height controlled separator weir and a divert plate is the important factor that affects significantly the chemical material extraction and the productivity in the chemical and mechanical processes. In this paper, it describes the design of the device for extraction of an organic phase from radioactive wastes, and considers phase separating weir and divert disk, both being designed to be adjustable in their positions, for effectively separating an organic phase. A height-adjustable separating weir unit used for separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase using a phase separating weir and designed to control the height of the separating weir as desired so as to allow the weir to be positioned at a boundary layer between two separated phases. The centrifugal extractor controls satisfactorily the mixed reaction time of two phases within the separator regardless of the variations of the mixing ratio of the two phases and the rotating speed of the extractor, is designed to be adjustable in its position in the vertical direction, thus allowing the user to appropriately select the mixed reaction time of the two phases within the extractor as desired. From development of a centrifugal extractor, it can effectively recover such usable elements, and preferably reducing the output quantity of radioactive wastes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2735-2751
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• 2020

The emergence of Software Defined Networking (SDN) overcomes the limitations of traditional networking architectures. There are some advantages in SDN which are centralized global network view, programmability, and separation of the data plane and control plane. Due to the limitation of data plane storage capacity in SDN, it is necessary to process the redundancy rules of switch. In this paper, we propose a method for active detection and processing of redundant rules. We use the result generated by the customized probe package to detect redundant rules. And by checking the forwarding behavior of probe packets in the data plane, the redundancy rules are further processed. Furthermore, in order to quickly check the dynamic networks, we propose an incremental algorithms for rapidly evolve the network strategies. We conduct simulation experiments on Matlab to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. The influence of some parameters on the result are discussed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using gelled emulsion (olive oil 46%, inulin 9%, gelatin 3%) as fat replacer on some quality parameters of chicken patties. For this purpose GE, prepared with olive oil, gelatin and inulin was replaced with beef fat at a level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% (C, G25, G50, G100). In this study syneresis, thermal stability, centrifuge and creaming stability of gelled emulsion were analyzed. Chemical composition, technological paramerers (cooking yield, water holding capacity, diameter reduction, fat and moisture retention) and textural and sensory properites were evaluated in comparision to control patties. High thermal stability was recorded in GE (93%), also creaming stability results showed that GE protected its stability without any turbidity and separation of the layer. The complete replacement of beef fat with GE showed detrimental effect on all investigated cooking characteristics except fat retention. Replacement of beef fat with GE at a level of 50% resulted similar cooking characteristics with C samples. Color parameters of samples were affected by GE addition, higher CIE $b^*$ values observed with respect to GE concentration. The presence of GE significantly affected textural behaviors of samples (p<0.05). Our results showed that GE prepared with inulin and olive oil is a viable fat replacer for the manufacture of chicken patty.