• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2008

Yukwa samples, made with additions of 0, 10, 20, and 30% Rubus coreanus Miquel extract, were puffed by different puffing methods(convection oven, microwave oven, and fryer) and were then examined for quality characteristics such as moisture content, expansion rate, color, hardness, and sensory qualities, in order to determine the optimal ratio of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract in the formulation and the optimal expansion of Yukwa. The moisture contents of Yukwa base increased as the level of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract increased. And the Yukwa puffed by convection had higher moisture than the samples puffed by microwave oven or frying, with the exception of the sample containing 20% Rubus coreanus Miquel extract. When comparing the expansion rates of samples, no significant differences were found between the control and extract-containing samples puffed by convection, microwave, and frying methods, respectively. However, the sample puffed by frying had the highest expansion rate, whereas the convection-, microwave-puffed samples showed no significant differences. In the convection-, microwave-, and fryer-puffed samples, lightness and yellowness decreased, but redness increased, as the level of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract increased. And the sample puffed by microwave oven had greater lightness as compared to the samples puffed by convection and frying. In terms of hardness, no significant differences were found the control and extract-containing samples puffed by convection and microwave methods. However, hardness was maximal in the sample puffed by convection and lowest in the sample puffed by frying, in which it increased according to the addition of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract. In the consumer acceptance evaluations and characteristics intensity rating tests, the samples puffed using convection and microwave methods showed higher scores for the majority of evaluated characteristics as compared to the samples puffed by frying. And the samples containing Rubus coreanus Miquel extract obtained fairly good scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that additions of 10$\sim$20% Rubus coreanus Miquel extract are optimal for Yukwa that is puffed by convection and microwave methods, as this range provides good physiological properties and reasonably high overall consumer acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.767-774
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation (0.5, 1 and 2 kGy) on the microbial and physicochemical changes of apricot at $20^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks. Total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds were significantly decreased with increasing dose level. Hunter's color value and hardness were decreased with increment of irradiation dose level. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were no significantly changed by irradiation. Hydrogen donating activity was decreased and organic acid and vitamin C contents were increased with elapse of storage periods in all samples. However, there was no significant change by gamma irradiation. Sensory acceptance of irradiated apricots had high acceptability during initial storage period, but it was decreased in comparison to nonirradiated sample with elapse of storage period. These results suggest that gamma irradiation was effective upon microbiological safety and it did not affect antioxidant activity, but not good on color and texture of apricot.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2008

This study was performed to aid promotion of fish paste containing Lycii fructus powder as a food. The tested concentrations of Lycii fructus powder were 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7%. All the fish paste samples had 37% water content. The L values of the samples decreased as the concentration of Lycii fructus powder increased(p<0.001), and the a- and b-value increased(p<0.001). All samples with 3 mm of thickness had good flexibility and did not break even after four times of folding. In texture meter tests, the cohesiveness increased, but gumminess and brittleness decreased according to increasing concentration of Lycii fructus' powder. In the sensory evaluation, scores for color, flavor, pleasant taste, hardness and adhesiveness increased with increasing powder concentration; however oily taste was decreased. The 3% Lycii fructus powder sample had the highest acceptance scores in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability. The results suggest that Lycii fructus powder can be applied to fish paste for both quality and functionality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.668-675
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of muffins prepared with different amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of aronia powder. The moisture content was higher in the groups that contained aronia powder than in the control muffin. The specific volume of the muffins was lowest in the group with 15% aronia powder added. The lightness and yellowness values decreased, while the redness values increased with increasing amounts of the aronia powder. The hardness of the control group was lower than that of the 10% and 15% treatment groups. The consumer acceptance test revealed no significant differences in the taste and texture of the muffin samples, but the overall acceptability scores were lowest for the muffins with 15% aronia powder added. The substitution of wheat flour for the aronia powder yielded muffins with a higher polyphenol content and total flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity measured via the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating effect, and reducing power increased as the concentration of the aronia powder increased. The results showed that up to 10% aronia powder can be incorporated into muffins to meet the sensory quality and functional needs of consumers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the change in quality attributes of fresh-cut potatoes with heat and browning inhibitor treatment (CW: dip in the cold water for 30 sec at $4^{\circ}C$, HW: dip in the water for 60 sec at $55^{\circ}C$, AA: dip in the 0.1% solution of ascorbic acid for 60 sec at $4^{\circ}C$, HA: dip in the 0.1% solution of ascorbic acid for 60 sec at $55^{\circ}C$) during storage at $5^{\circ}C$. During storage, fresh-cut potatoes treated with HA showed the lowest value in surface color. PPO and PAL activities of fresh-cut potatoes treated with HA were gradually increased during storage. Hardness, weight loss, soluble solids content and moisture content had no significant difference between the treatments. In sensory acceptance, fresh-cut potatoes treated for HA marked the best quality. Conclusively, heat and browning inhibitor treatment showed the positive effect on browning inhibition while maintaining the quality of fresh-cut potatoes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.849-854
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of Dotoridasik prepared by the addition of acorn powder (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%). The Proximate components were 85.89% carbohydrate, 1.38% crude fat, 0.84% crude protein and 0.32% crude ash. The moisture content of Dotoridasik showed no significant difference between the added acorn powder and control groups. The following Hunter color values are not part of the sensory evaluation testing in the results of for Dotoridasik, decreased while the a and b values increased with increasing acorn powder addition. The bitter taste was evaluated as being improved with increasing acorn powder addition. Dotoridasik with 40% acorn powder showed the highest acceptance. In the mechanical evaluation, hardness recording which from control Will increase with acorn powder it shows a high shame(p<0.05), the adhesiveness result springiness it was not visible a consider difference especially also utterly unintelligible).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2006

The effects of Curcuma extract Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum), and maltodextrose on acute hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by 0.5 mL of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) per kg of SD rats, which was injected to them before administration of Curcuma extract or both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures. SD rats dose with Curcuma extract of 4 mg or 40 mg per kg per day significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) after 7 days compared to the controls dose with water. Treatments of Curcuma extract with 4 mg per kg per day in SD rats significantly (p<0.05) reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) to 78.0%, 82.6%, and 76.3% after 7 days compared to the controls, respectively. The levels of AST and ALT in SD rats dose with both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures or either alone had no significantly different (p>0.05) compared to the controls. Treatments of Curcuma extract combined with Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures was 'liked more' to the sensory scores for odor and flayer compared to the controls. It was considered that Curcuma extract combined with both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures could be used to functional food for enhancement of health and consumer acceptance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2000

In order to Develop a low Na functional kimchi using sea tangle, the Na-binding capacity of alginate in sea tangle along with other dietary fibers was evaluated in vitro. The adding type and amount of the sea tangle that contains alginate in kimhi and characteristics of the sea tangle added kimchi were also studied. Na-binding capacity of various dietary fibers such as cellulose, pectin, gun gum, carageenan, alginates (sodium alginate, alginate, alginate from sea tangle) was measured by equilibrium dialysis method in pH 2 and pH 7 in vitro. Gua gum, carageenan and a group of alginates effectively bound to Na+ Espacially sodium alginate showed high Na-binding capacity of 29.2% in pH of stomach (pH 2.0) and 33.8% in pH of small intestine (pH 7.0), however, the alginate extracted from sea tangle could not bind Na in PH of stomach (pH 2.0), but 27.4% in pH of small intestine (pH 7.0) condition. The content of alginate in sea tangles (dried sea tangle, salted sea tangle and washed salted sea tangle) was 19.8 ~ 22.2% on dry matter basis. The sea tangle added kimchi was prepared with the addition of the flake type (0.5$\times$3 cm) of sea tangle with a quantity of 30% in kimchi from the data of the sensory analysis. The addition of the sea tangle to the kimchi increased the content of soluble dietary fiber, suggesting the Na-binding capacity increased. The sea tangle added kimchi (SK) and sea tangle and fermented anchovy added kimchi (SAK) showed higher levels of reducing sugar and acidity than the control kimchi (CK). In quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) SK and SAK showed higher score in overall acceptance, and lower score in acidic order than CK, however, SK showed less moldy taste and more fresh acidic taste than SAK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1064-1069
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• 2006

This study was conducted to sanitize commercial powdery soup by gamma irradiation. Total aerobic bacteria counts were $3.22{\sim}3.77\;log\;CFU/g$ in non-irradiated samples, which decreased with irradiation dose and were not detected in irradiated samples at 3 kGy or more $(<10^2\;CFU/g)$ during accelerated storage $(60^{\circ}C,\;2\;weeks)$. Microbial counts did not significantly increase in all samples during accelerated storage period. Yeasts, molds, and coliform bacteria were not detected in all samples. Irradiated samples showed undesirable changes in flavor, taste, and overall acceptability and acceptance decreased in all samples after 2 weeks at $60^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that gamma irradiation at 3 kGy was effective to ensure the microbiological quality of commercial powdery soup with minimized sensorial changes, but further studies should be investigated to reduce detrimental effects induced by irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1954-1958
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• 2014

The feasibility of incorporating Cynanchi wilfordii powder as a value-added food ingredient in convenient food products was investigated using yanggaeng as a model system. C. wilfordii powder was incorporated into yanggaeng at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% weight amounts based on total weight of cooked white bean and C. wilfordii powder. pH increased significantly, and moisture content ranged from 45.40% to 47.40% with increasing levels of C. wilfordii powder (P<0.05). In terms of color, lightness, redness, and yellowness increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of C. wilfordii powder. Hardness significantly decreased with higher amounts of C. wilfordii powder (P<0.05). Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly influenced by addition of C. wilfordii powder, and they increased significantly as C. wilfordii powder concentration increased (P<0.05). Finally, consumer acceptance test indicated that the highest levels of C. wilfordii powder (8%, w/w) had considerable adverse effects on consumer preferences in general. In contrast, yanggaengs with moderate levels of C. wilfordii powder (2%, w/w) are recommended (with respect to overall preference score) to take advantage of the functional properties of C. wilfordii powder without sacrificing consumer acceptability.