• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 1988

운동학습이론인 감각운동 통합이론을 본 연구의 개념적 틀로하여 한방병원에 입원한 뇌졸중 환자 중 구강인두 기능이 저하된 환자를 대상으로 감각운동자극이 구강인두 기능에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여 1988년 3월초부터 5월 중순까지 예비실험 연구하였다. 감각운동자극을 주기 전에 구강인두기능을 시정하고 대상자 전원에게 저하된 구강인두기능에 따라 감각운동자극을 선택하여 하루 3번 매식후 30분전에 주었으며, 이를 일주일 동안 계속하였다. 일주일 후 다시 구강인두기능을 측정하여 자극을 주기전, 후의 기능정도를 paired t-test로 비교 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. “자극을 주기 전보다 준 후에 머리와 목운동 조절점수가 높을 것이다”라는 제1가설은 지지되었다(t＝-2.71, df＝5, p＝.042). 2. “자극을 주기 전보다 준 후에 씹는 능력이 증가되었으나, 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(t＝-2.00, df＝5, p＝.102). 3. “자극을 주기 전보다 준 후에 입술운동의 조절점수는 높을 것이다”라는 제3가설은 지지되었다(t＝-4.77, df＝5, p＝.005). 4. “자극을 주기 전보다 준 후에 혀 운동 조절점수가 높을 것이다”라는 제4가설은 지지되었다(t＝-3.61, df＝5, p＝.015). 5. 자극을 주기 전보다 준 후에 연하능력이 증가되었으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다(t＝-2.24, df＝5, p＝.076). 이상의 결과로 감각운동자극은 연하장애환자의 구강인두기능을 증진시키는데 효과적인 방법이라고 할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare EEG topographical maps in patients with chronic stroke after action observation physical training. Methods: Ten subjects were recruited from a medical hospital. Participants observed the action of transferring a small block from one box to another for 6 sessions of 1 minute each, and then performed the observed action for 3 minutes, 6 times. An EEG-based brain mapping system with 32 scalp sites was used to determine cortical reorganization in the regions of interest (ROIs) during observation of movement. The EEG-based brain mapping was comparison in within-group before and after training. ROIs included the primary sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal lobe, and visual cortex. EEG data were analyzed with an average log ratio in order to control the variability of the absolute mu power. The mu power log ratio was in within-group comparison with paired t-tests. Results: Participants showed activation prior to the intervention in all of the cerebral cortex, whereas the inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex were selectively activated after the training. There were no differences in mu power between each session. Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation physical training contributes to attaining brain reorganization and improving brain functionality, as part of rehabilitation and intervention programs.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 28 books to study etiology and pathology of Son-Bal Jeorim. Result and Conclusion 1. The eiology of Son-Bal Jeorim is same as it of Bee Jeung(痺症). 2. Generally speaking, the cause of Bee Jeung was distributed Wind(風), Coldness(寒), Wetness (濕) of meridian. Bee Jeung can be devided into SilBi(實痺) and HeoBi(虛痺). In SilBi(實痺) there are PungHanSeupBi(風寒濕痺) and YeolBi(熱痺). In HeoBi(虛痺), there are GiHyeolHeoBi(氣血虛痺), EumheoBi(陰虛痺) and YangHeoBi(陽虛痺). 3. Son-Bal Jeorim belong to peripheral neuropathy in western medicine. 4. Syndrome of acute motor paralysis with variable disturbance of sensory and autonomic function, subacute sensorymotor paralysis, syndrome of chronic sensorimotor polyneuropathy, neuropathy with mitochondrial disease, syndrome of mononeuropathy or nerve plexusopathy. 5. Peripheral neuropathy is caused by carpal tunnel syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, uremic neuropathy, hepatic neuropathy, hypothyroid neuropathy, hyperthyroid neuropathy, neuropathy due to malnutrition, neuropathy due to toxic material, neuropathy due to drug, paraneoplastic neuropathy, hereditary neuropathy, etc. 6. Cerebral apoplexy, myelopathy, peripheral circulatory disturbance, anxiety syndrome cause symptoms of peripheral neuropathy

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of performing feedback vs repeative tasks on lower extremity motor function and falls efficacy in chronic hemiplegic patients. Methods : 40 hemiplegic patients took part in this study. The average age of the feedback-task group was 68.45 years and 68.20 in the repeative-task group. All subjects participated in the study for 8 weeks, doing exercises 3 per day per week. All participants were assessed by using the Berg balance scale (BBS), the lower-extremity subscale of the Fugel-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor impairment (FMLE), and the falls efficacy scale (FES). The data were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results : After 8 weeks of exercise training, the results of this study were: the BBS and FMLE of hemiplegic patients showed a feedback-task and repeative-task groups (p<0.05). The FES of hemiplegic patients also showed a significant difference between the quantitative-task and qualitative-task groups (p<0.05). Conclusion : We present findings suggesting that chronic hemiplegic patients could improve their standing balance ability better through a feedback-task exercise program, as opposed to a repeative-task exercise program.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

Purpose: The contribution of the supplementary motor area (SMA) to the control of voluntary movement has been revealed. We investigated the changesin the SMA for motor learning of the reaching movement in stroke patient using functional MRI. Methods: The subject was a right-handed 55 year-old woman with left hemiparesis due to an intracerebral hemorrhage. She performed reaching movement during fMRI scanning before and after reaching training in four weeks. The motor assessment scale and surface EMG were used to evaluate the paretic upper limb function and muscle activation. Results: In the fMRI result, contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) was activated before and after training. SMA was only activated after training. In addition, muscle activation of the paretic upper limb was similar to that of the unaffected upper limb after training. Conclusion: These findings suggest SMA is related to the execution of a novel movement pattern resulting in motor learning in stroke patients.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2006

Background: Floppy infant syndrome has a number of different etiologies. Methods: One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients of floppy infant syndrome were included in this study. We reviewed all the electrophysiologic tests of these patients and the medical record of patients showing abnormalities in the electrophysiologic studies. Results: Of the 123 patients, twenty-six (21.1%) showed definite abnormalities in electrophysiologic tests; 8 myopathies, 14 neuropathies and 4 unclassified. The neuropathy was further classified as 5 neuronopathies and 9 sensorimotor polyneuropathies. With muscle or sural nerve biopsy and genetic test, a final diagnosis was made of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in 4, Becker muscular dystrophy in 1, spinal muscular atrophy in 2, and metachromatic leukodystrophy in 1. Conclusions: About 21% of patients presented with floppy infant syndrome showed abnormalities in the neuromuscular system. The electrophysiologic test is valuable to guide further investigations in diagnosing the cause of floppy infant syndrome.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

The ability to maintain an upright position during quiet standing is a useful motor skill. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) is a timed balance test that evaluates somatosensory, visual, and vestibular function for maintenance of upright posture. The Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor Assessment (FMSA) balance subscale is the functional status assessment that indicates amount of assistance needed during various balance tasks. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is the functional status assessment tool and FIM can be used clinically as an outcome measure. The purpose of this study was to see if the SOT can be used as a evaluation tool to measure hemiplegic patients' balance ability. Thirty-six patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. SOT scores were significantly correlated with FMSA balance scores and FIM scores(p<0.05). However correlation coefficients were not so high (r=0.60, and r=0.51, respectively). Therefore, further study is needed to verify the SOT's usefulness when physical therapists are evaluating for hemiplegic patients' balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.425-429
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• 2014

Purpose: The first purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hand muscle fatigue alters sensorimotor control of the hand in healthy subjects, using hand position sense. The second objective was to assess the repositioning variables during a 7.5-min period after the fatigue protocol. Methods: Participants performed a repeated handgrip movement to induce the fatigue condition as fast as possible, until they could no longer continue. Recordings were performed before (pre-fatigue) and after the completion of the fatigue exercises (immediately: post-fatigue, after a 2.5 min recovery, after a 5 min recovery and after a 7.5 min recovery). Results: The joint reposition test of the MP joint in the post-fatigue condition showed higher reposition errors than the prefatigue condition (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in recovery of joint reposition errors after fatiguing exercises of the hand muscle, among groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The fatigue of the hand muscles affected joint position sense by an alteration of somatosensory and proprioceptive information. Nonetheless, the effect of hand muscle fatigue was short-lived, since joint reposition errors decreased to post-fatigue values after 7.5 min of recovery.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2005

Stroke is a leading cause of chronic physical disability. The recent randomized controlled trials have that motor function of chronic stroke survivors could be improved through physical or pharmacologic intervention in the stroke rehabilitation setting. In addition, several functional neuroimaging techniques have recently developed, it is available to study the functional topography of sensorimotor area of the brain. However, the mechanisms involved in motor recovery after stroke, are still poorly understood. Four motor recovery mechanisms have been suggested, such as reorganization into areas adjacent to the injured primary motor cortex (M1), unmasking of the motor pathway from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected hand, attribution of secondary motor areas, and recovery of the damaged contralateral corticospinal tract. Understanding the motor recovery mechanisms would provide neurorehabilitation specialists with more information to allow for precise prognosis and therapeutic strategies based on the scientific evidence; this may help promote recovery of motor function. This review introduces several methodologies for neuroimaging techniques and discusses theoretical issues that impact interpretation of functional imaging studies of motor recovery after stroke. Perspectives, for future research are presented.

• Journal of Sleep Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2018

Objectives: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder and is frequently associated with periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS). Also about one third of patient with RLS have periodic limb movement during wakefulness (PLMW). However there is little research on the correlation between PLMW and RLS. We aimed to evaluate difference in sleep characteristics between patients with RLS with PLMW and those without PLMW. Methods: Our study included twenty eight RLS patients. Subjects underwent suggested immobilization test (SIT) prior to one full-night polysomnography study. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of PLMW based on SIT-PLMW index. Polysomnographic findings, subjective sleep quality, and hematologic results were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: Mean age of patient with frequent PLMW (SIT-PLMW ${\geq}40/hr$) was significantly higher. RLS patients with frequent PLMW were also significantly related to insomnia severity. The PLMS index was higher in patients with PLMW and showed a significant correlation with the PLMW index. Conclusions: PLMW influence sleep quality such as insomnia and is correlated with movement during sleep.