• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1596-1603
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• 1996

A single body type of fiber-optic current and voltae sensor using a rare earth doped YIG and a bismuth silicon oxide single crystsl is proposed, which is used for simultaneous measurement of the AC electric current and AC electric voltage over the trasmission lines. Experimental results showed that the fiber-optic current sensor has the maximum 7.5% error within the current range of 0A to 400A, and the fiber-optic voltage sensor has the maximum 0.87% error within the current range of 0V to 400V. The output waveforms of proposed fiber-optic sensor system has a good agreement with output waveforms of conductor current and voltage. Experimental results proved that the output of fiber-optic current sensor is not affected by the electric voltage applied to the fiber-optic voltage sensor, and also, that the output of fiber-optic voltage sensor is not affected by the electric current applied to the fiber-optic current sensor.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

NDIR $CO_2$ gas sensor was built with ASIC implemented thermopile sensor which included temperature sensor and unique elliptical waveguide structures in this paper. The temperature dependency of dual infrared sensor module ($CO_2$ and reference IR sensors) has been characterized and its output voltage characteristics according to the temperature and gas concentration were proposed for the first time. NDIR $CO_2$ gas and reference IR sensors showed linear output voltages according to the variation of ambient temperatures from 243 K to 333 K and their slopes were 14.2 mV/K and 8.8 mV/K, respectively. The output voltages of temperature sensor also presented a linear dependency according to the ambient temperature and could be described with V(T)=-3.191+0.0148T(V). The output voltage ratio between $CO_2$ and reference IR sensors revealed irrelevant to the changes of ambient temperatures and gave a constant value around 1.6255 with standard deviation 0.008 at 0 ppm. The output voltage of $CO_2$ gas sensor at zero ppm $CO_2$ gas consisted of two components; one is caused by the HPB (half pass-band) of IR filter and the other is attributed to the part of $CO_2$ absorption wavelength. The characteristics of output voltages of $CO_2$ gas sensor could be accurately modeled with three parameters which are dependent upon the ambient temperatures and represented small average error less than 1.5% with 5% standard deviation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2590-2597
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• 2002

A new torque measuring apparatus adopting the basic principle of a capacitive type sensor is proposed in this article. Two plate electrodes are working as a capacitive sensor, whose capacitance varies as torque is applied. One end of each plate is connected to the torque carrying shaft. Output characteristics of the torque sensor were theoretically analyzed and its validity was investigated through experiment. Calculations and calibration experiments show that the output is nonlinear, that is, the sensitivity is very high at low torque but decreases as torque increases. The sensitivity of the proposed system is about 100 times roughly higher than that of a conventional 4-strain gauge type torque sensor.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2000

PVDF film sensor was applied to measure the stress concentration for monitoring the structural integrity. The strain calibration of this film sensor was performed by the bending test of aluminum beam. The PVDF sensor and the electrical strain gage were bonded on the beam. When the beam was loaded, the output of electrical strain gage was compared with the output of the PVDF sensor. The waveform of PVDF sensor output was shown as the same form of the output of electrical strain gage. The gain was determined as 1.7 by comparing these two signals to determine the exact value of the strain. In order to experiment the stress concentration, the stress field was analyzed by finite element analysis. The tensile test of notched steel specimens was conducted to develop the measurement technique of stress concentration. The output voltage ratio between the PVDF sensor near the notch and the PVDF sensor far from the notch could give the information about the load bearing capacity of steel specimen.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 1997

In this paper we present the construction details and output characteristics of a diaphragm-type pressure sensor with Cu-Ni(53:47) thin-film strain gauges. In order to improve the sensitivity and the temperature compensation two circumferential gauges are placed near the center of the diaphragm and two radial gauges are located near the edge. For all the gauges the relative change in resistance ΔR/R with pressure is of the order 10$^{-3}$ for the maximum pressure. The output is found to be linear over the entire pressure range(0-30kfg/cm$^2$)and the output sensitivity obtained is 1.6mV/V. The maximum nonlinearity observed in output characteristics is 0.35%FS for 5V excitation and the hysteresis is less than 0.1%FS.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.182-187
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• 2012

Since PV PCS uses output current sensor for ac output current control, the sensor's sensing value includes unnecessary offset inevitably. If PV inverter is controlled by the included offset value, it's output current will generate DC offset. The DC offset of output current for trans-less PV inverter is fatal to grid, which results in saturating grid side transformer. Usually DSP controller of PV inverter reads several times sensing value during initial operation and, finally, it's average value is used for offset calibration. However, if temperature changes, the offset changes, too. Therefore, output current sensor measures sensing value that includes offset again. In this paper we propose new algorithm where two identical forward and reverse sensors are used to calculate the offset in real time. As a result the offset is not correlated with temperature change. The proposed algorithm is verified through PSIM simulation for validity.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.375-381
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• 2011

Ionic polymer-metal composite(IPMC) consists of an ion conductive membrane plated by metallic electrodes on both surfaces. When it bends, a voltage is generated between two electrodes. Since IPMC is flexible and thin, it can be easily mounted on the various surfaces of a body. The present study investigates a sensor system using IPMC to effectively detect the bending angles applied on IPMC sensor. The paper evaluates several R and C circuit models that describe the physical composition of IPMC and selects the best model for the detection of angles. The circuit models implemented with a charge model describe the relationship between input bending angles and output voltages. The identification of R and C values was performed by minimizing the error between the real output voltages and the simulated output voltages from the circuit models of IPMC sensor. Then the output signal of a sensor was fed into the inverse model of the identified model to reproduce the bending angles. In order to support the validation of the model, the output voltages from an arbitrary bending motion were also applied to the selected inverse model, which successfully reproduced the arbitrary bending motion.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

This paper presents a pseudo-sensor-output-feedback(PSOF) method for the vibration suppression of the flexible piezoelectric smart structures. This method reduces the modeling errors using pseudo sensors in the output equation formulation. It also reduces computation time in practice. since the output equation does not need the state observer required in the state space equation. Experimental works are performed for the validation of theoretical predictions with the piezoelectric sensor and actuator bonded on the cantilever beam. An algorithm based on the sliding mode control theory is developed and analyzed for the robustness to the modeling errors and parameter uncertainties. This study also discusses the characteristics of the active and semi-active systems.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 2004

The correlation between sensor output and corrosion rate of reinforcing steel was evaluated by laboratory electrochemical tests in saturated $Ca(OH)_2$ with 3.5 wt.% NaCl and confirmed in concrete environment. In this paper, two types of electrochemical probes were developed: galvanic cells containing of steel/copper and steel/stainless steel couples. Potentiodynamic test, weight loss measurement, monitoring of open-circuit potential, linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of steel bar embedded in concrete. Also, galvanic current measurements were conducted to obtain the charge of sensor embedded in concrete. In this study, steel/copper and steel/stainless steel sensors showed a good correlation in simulated concrete solution between sensor output and corrosion rate of steel bar. However, there was no linear relationship between steel/stainless steel sensor output and corrosion rate of steel bar in concrete environment due to the low galvanic current output. Thus, steel/copper sensor is a reliable corrosion monitoring sensor system which can detect corrosion rate of reinforcing steel in concrete structures.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2007

This paper describes the development of 6-axis force/moment sensor for an intelligent robot's foot. In order to walk on uneven terrain safely, the foot should perceive the applied forces Fx, Fy, Fz and moments Mx, My, Mz to itself. The applied forces and moments should be measured from a 6-axis force/moment sensor attached to a humanoid robot's foot(ankle). They in the published paper already have some disadvantage in the size of the sensor, the rated output and so on. The rated output of each component sensor (6-axis force/moment sensor) is very important to design the 6-axis force/moment sensor for precision measurement. Therefore, each sensor should be designed to be gotten similar the rated output under each rated load. So, the sensing elements of the 6-axis force/moment sensor should get lots of design variables. Also, the size of 6- axis force/moment sensor is very important for mounting to robot's foot. In this paper, a 6-axis force/moment sensor for perceiving forces and moments in a humanoid robot's foot was developed using many PPBs (parallel plate-beams). The structure of the sensor was newly modeled, and the sensing elements (plate-beams) of the sensor were designed using FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis. Then, the 6-axis force/moment sensor was fabricated by attaching strain-gages on the sensing elements, and the characteristic test of the developed sensor was carried out. The rated outputs from FEM analysis agree well with that from the characteristic test.