• 지질공학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2004

지형효과를 포함하는 3차원 전기비저항 역산법은 전기비저항 탐사자료의 해석에 있어서 실제 지하구조에 존재하는 3차원 전도성 이상체의 특성을 파악함으로써 원리적으로 정확한 영상을 획득할 수 있는 방법이라고 본다. 본 연구는 수치모델링에서 유한요소법을 이용하였으며, 역산에서 설정된 블록에 대하여 감도 분석을 통하여 자코비안 계산의 효율성을 극대화하였다. 또한 역산과정에서는 라그랑지 곱수의 값을 변화시키면서 최소자승근 오차의 최소가 되는 최적의 값을 선택하는 방법으로 역산의 분해능을 향상 시켰다. 전기비저항 탐사에서 지형효과의 해석으로는 지형 의 기복을 포함하여 얻어진 순차모델링 자료를 가지고 역산 방법에서 지형의 기복을 무시하여 얻어진 결과와 지형의 기복을 포함하여 얻어진 결과를 비교하여 불규칙한 지형효과에 의한 왜곡된 전기장 반응으로 인한 오해석을 파악하는데 있다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 1995

폭풍해일에 의한 쇄파대내에서의 표사이동을 예측할 수 있는 유한차분 수치모형을 개발하였다. 이동 경계조건을 가지는 비제차 확산방정식을 사용하여 개발된 수치모형은 Kriebel과 Dean(1985)의 수치모형이 가지고 있는 많은 제약성을 해결할 수 있었다. 임의의 초기단면과, 시간에 따른 폭풍해일의 스펙트럼을 이용하여 계산된 수치모형의 결과는 표사량의 보존 및 해안선이 후퇴나 쇄파점의 이동을 잘 나타내 주며, 해석해 및 관측자료 그리고 실험자료와 매우 잘 일치한다. 수치모형과 관련된 제반 변수들의 민감도를 분석하여 수치모형 적용의 편의를 도모하였으며, 해안선 단면을 따른 표사의 입경변화 효과를 부여할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2005

다분야 통합해석 시스템의 신뢰성 해석에 대한 기존의 연구들은 대부분 비선형 최적화 기법을 기반으로 하고 있다. 이들은 다분야 통합최적설계 프레임워크를 이용하여 신뢰성을 직접 해석하기 때문에 효율적인 AFORM기법을 적용하는 것이 불가능하다. 본 논문은 AFORM기법을 적용한 다분야 통합시스템의 순차적 신뢰성 해석기법(SARAM)을 제안한다. 이를 위해 신뢰성 해석과 다분야 통합시스템의 해석(MDA)을 분리하고, 순차적으로 배열하여, 되풀이구조를 가지는 해석구조를 구성하였다. 제안된 방법의 효율성은 계산량, 정확도, 그리고 동시 수행기능의 관점에서 평가하였다. 3개의 다분야 통합시스템 예제를 계산한 결과, 제안된 기법은 정확도를 보장하면서 기존의 방법에 비해 우수한 계산효율을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2015

$K^+$ outward currents in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of circling mice (homozygous (cir/cir) mice), an animal model for human deafness (DFNB6 type), were investigated using a whole cell patch clamp technique. Littermate heterozygous (+/cir) mice of the same age (postnatal day (P) 0-P6) were used as controls. Similar slow rising $K^+$ currents were observed in both genotypes, but their biophysical and pharmacological properties were quite different. The values of Vhalf for activation were significantly different in the heterozygous (+/cir) and homozygous (cir/cir) mice ($-8.1{\pm}2.2mV$, heterozygous (+/cir) mice (n=7) and $-17.2{\pm}4.2mV$, homozygous (cir/cir) mice (n=5)). The inactivation curve was expressed by a single first order Boltzmann equation in the homozygous (cir/cir) mice, while it was expressed by a sum of two first order Boltzmann equations in the heterozygous (+/cir) mice. The $K^+$ current of homozygous (cir/cir) mice was more sensitive to TEA in the 1 to 10 mM range, while the 4-AP sensitivities were not different between the two genotypes. Removal of external $Ca^{2+}$ did not affect the $K^+$ currents in either genotype, indicating that the higher sensitivity of $K^+$ current to TEA in the homozygous (cir/cir) mice was not due to an early expression of $Ca^{2+}$ activated $K^+$ channels. Our results suggest that the $K^+$ outward current of developing homozygous (cir/cir) mice OHCs is different in both biophysical and pharmacological aspects than that of heterozygous (+/cir) mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2007

In acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria, there is a continuum from mild to severe malaria. However, no mathematical system is available to predict uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients turning to severe malaria. This study aimed to devise a simple and reliable model of Malaria Severity Prognostic Score (MSPS). The study was performed in adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases between 2000 and 2005. Total 38 initial clinical parameters were identified to predict the usual recovery or deterioration to severe malaria. The stepwise multiple discriminant analysis was performed to get a linear discriminant equation. The results showed that 4.3% of study patients turned to severe malaria. The MSPS = 4.38 (schizontemia) + 1.62 (gametocytemia) + 1.17 (dehydration) + 0.14 (overweight by body mass index; BMI) + 0.05 (initial pulse rate) + 0.04 (duration of fever before admission)-0.50 (past history of malaria in last 1 year). 0.48 (initial serum albumin)-5.66. Based on the validation study in other malaria patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.8% and 88.4%, respectively. We conclude that the MSPS is a simple screening tool for predicting uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients turning to severe malaria. However, the MSPS may need revalidation indifferent geographical areas before utilized at specific places.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 1992

여러 가지 용매에서 phenylvinylketone에 대한 아민(piperidine 및 diethyl-amine)의 친핵성 첨가반응 속도 상수를 $25^{\circ}C$에서 분광광도법으로 측정한 결과 그의 첨가반응 속도상수는 용매의 극성에 비례함을 알았고 이것을 Kirkwood식으로 잘 설명할 수 있었다. 즉, 이 반응은 고리형 구조의 zwitter ion 중간체를 거쳐 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 또 phenylvinylketone에 대한 아민의 첨가반응에서 3차 아민은 1차 및 2차 아민에서 보다 반응이 훨씬 느리게 진행되었으며 이것은 1차 및 2차 아민에서는 고리형 구조의 zwitter ion 중간체를 형성할 수 있고 또한 음전하의 비편재화 및 엔올형의 구조까지 가능하지만 3차 아민에서는 위의 구조들이 불가능하기 때문에 1차 및 2차 아민에서 보다 느리게 진행된다고 생각된다.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.338-346
• /
• 2018

Background: The most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pregnancy is preeclampsia. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a potential biomarker of early kidney damage as its levels are not disturbed by volume status changes in pregnancy, and serum CysC levels could serve as a replacement for conventionally used creatinine. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of CysC in severe preeclampsia cases and the associations between CysC levels and poor obstetric outcomes. Methods: Our cohort included severe preeclampsia patients with a normal serum creatinine level. Creatinine was measured to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on the Cockcroft and Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, while CysC was measured to calculated eGFR based on a CysC-based equation. We then evaluated the correlations between serum CysC level, eGFR, and obstetric outcomes. Results: Twenty-six patients were evaluated of which 38.5% delivered preterm and 30.8% had low-birth weight babies. Unlike creatinine-based eGFR and CysC-based eGFR, serum CysC demonstrate significant negative correlation with gestational age. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that serum CysC is a potential biomarker of preterm delivery with a cut-off serum level of 1.48 mg/L with 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Conclusion: GFR estimation using CysC is likely to be inaccurate in pregnancy. However, we found a significant correlation between preterm delivery and serum CysC level. Our results suggest that serum CysC level has the potential to predict preterm delivery in severe preeclampsia patients.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.398-410
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study used a system dynamics methodology to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structures among factors affecting adolescent cyberbullying victims (CV) in Korea and to construct and verify a simulation model. Methods: Factors affecting CV were identified by reviewing a theoretical background in existing literature and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were identified through content validity verification by an expert group, after which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was constructed based on the variables. A stock-flow diagram (SFD) using Vensim Professional 7.3 was used to establish a CV model. Results: Based on the literature review and expert verification, 22 variables associated with CV were identified and the CLD was prepared. Next, a model was developed by converting the CLD to an SFD. The simulation results showed that the variables such as negative emotions, stress levels, high levels of conflict in schools, parental monitoring, and time spent using new media had the strongest effects on CV. The model's validity was verified using equation check, sensitivity analysis for timestep and simulation with 4 CV adolescent. Conclusion: The system dynamics model constructed in this study can be used to develop intervention strategies in schools that are focused on counseling that can prevent cyberbullying and assist in the victims' recovery by formulating a feedback structure and capturing the dynamic changes observed in CV. To prevent cyberbullying, it is necessary to develop more effective strategies such as prevention education, counseling and treatment that considers factors pertaining to the individual, family, school, and media.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.456-460
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 탄소 및 은 잉크를 사용하여 스크린 인쇄 공정을 통한 전위차 나트륨 이온(Na⁺) 센서를 제작하였다. 센서의 두 전극 구성은 Na⁺ 용액에서 네른스트 거동에 따라 전극의 전위차를 발생하였다. 제조된 Na⁺ 센서는 이상적인 네른스트 민감도, 빠른 응답 시간 및 낮은 검출 한계를 보여주었다. 네른스트 반응은 센서의 반복성 및 장기 내구성 테스트 시 안정적이었다. 탄소 전극에 코팅된 Na⁺ 선택막은 간섭 이온에 대해 나트륨 이온을 선택적으로 통과시켜 우수한 선택성을 증명하였다. 휴대용 Na⁺ 센서는 인쇄 회로 시스템을 사용하여 제작되었으며 다양한 실제 샘플에서 Na⁺ 농도를 성공적으로 측정하는 것을 증명하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2023

The influence of material composition such as aggregate types, addition of supplementary cementitious materials as well as exposed temperature levels have significant impacts on concrete residual mechanical strength properties when exposed to elevated temperature. This study is based on data obtained from literature for fly ash blended concrete produced with natural and recycled concrete aggregates to efficiently develop prediction models for estimating its residual compressive strength after exposure to high temperatures. To achieve this, an extensive database that contains different mix proportions of fly ash blended concrete was gathered from published articles. The specific design variables considered were percentage replacement level of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in the mix, fly ash content (FA), Water to Binder Ratio (W/B), and exposed Temperature level. Thereafter, a simplified mathematical equation for the prediction of concrete's residual compressive strength using Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was developed. The relative importance of each variable on the model outputs was also determined through global sensitivity analysis. The GEP model performance was validated using different statistical fitness formulas including R², MSE, RMSE, RAE, and MAE in which high R² values above 0.9 are obtained in both the training and validation phase. The low measured errors (e.g., mean square error and mean absolute error are in the range of 0.0160 - 0.0327 and 0.0912 - 0.1281 MPa, respectively) in the developed model also indicate high efficiency and accuracy of the model in predicting the residual compressive strength of fly ash blended concrete exposed to elevated temperatures.