• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

This study was initiated by the fact that modern architecture caused the loss of placeness by seeing place with wrong interpretation and method and provided people with a phenonenon of separation between the depth of experience and honesty. As a solution for such problems, this study intended to suggest a direction through an analysis on the works of Geoffrey Bawa who was recognized as 'a genius of place' and the investigation on the place characteristics of his representative work 'Lunuganga'. Its process was as follows; First, this study explored the characteristics of the place, Sri Lanka, which was the background of his architectures, to see its impact on his life and architecture. Second, based on his representative works of each period and the contents that he mentioned in literature, the general characteristics appearing in his architectures were identified. Third, through an analysis on the work, Lunuganga, the place characteristics appearing in his architectures were investigated. Through such process, it could be recognized that Geoffrey Bawa's architectures reveal the place characteristics as nature, place characteristic as journey and stay, and place characteristic as sense. In this study, it could be verified that place was integrated and applied to Geoffrey Bawa's architectures through the above characteristics and the spaceness was manifested. Through this, this study intended to suggest an orientation for the above problems.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.67-79
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• 1997

Architecture is a shelter for society whose social pattern requires a specific form to accord with its material and spiritual needs. Providing a truly acceptable architecture requires our deeper understanding of cultural tradition - mythic values - not only because myth is an interpreted and configured form of 'thing' through man's second nature, such as his subjective and objective consciousness -'self-revelation of the absolute'- but also because, in the world of mythical imagination, a fragment of substantial reality -'thing'- becomes an equivalent mode to the signification, and emerges as 'its independent spiritual form' and 'the characteristic force of the logos.' In this sense, myth of place and myth behind tectonic form are the most essential sources for comprehending people's relationship to the world of inner and conscious experience. The recent efforts of modern architects to achieve cultural continuity should begin with re-interpretation and configulation of the myths behind describable material culture, especially artistic imagination inspired by deeper understanding of the myth of place. Myth provide artists with a creative inspiration, as they did in the past.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

History will be defined as a science on human beings in both space and time(des hommes dans le temps et l'espace). Navigational History is a premise to compose Maritime History. Maritime History is a branch of General History which is classified on the basis of space and will be definded as a branch of history to examine 'inter-realtions between maritime affairs and inland affairs'. Then, what kind of 'go by sea'can be a subject of Navigational History ? A research-subject of Navigational History must be navigation rather than sail or voyage. Because while 'sail' means to 'passive and noncommercial sailing' and voyage means to journeyin a general sense that includes sail and navigation, navigation means to indicate ' to go from one place to another in a ship' adn 'to convoy goods by water'. Then, how can we define Navigation History? Navigational History in a narrow sense is to be a field of studying 'process of development of nautical science and seamanship on the side of History ofScience and Techique, whereas Navigational History in a broad sense is to be a field of analyzing 'effects of historical navigation upon history on the side of General History. On studying Navigational History in a narrow sense, there are signifiacances of disclosing what the development of nautical instruments and arts of navigation have played a role in history. Navigational History in a broad sense is a branch of General History to study effects of historical navigation upon history. In conclusion, the significance of studying Navigation History is to disclose process of developmentof arts of navigation, and on the basis of this study is to reveal how the human elements operate in historical navigation. In short, it should not cease to study Navigational History in a narrow sense, and should enlarge its perspective of research toward Navigational History in a broad sense.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons why college students use Facebook and the ways in which they feel of social presence while using Facebook. In fact, the study aimed to specify the links between motivations for using SNS and a sense of 'being together'. The findings of this study suggest that major motivations of SNS use were social interaction, entertainment, self-presentation, and information-seeking. Specifically, results from a survey of 280 respondents revealed that college students used Facebook to seek maintenance and connection with friends, to express themselves, to get information about school activities, and to be entertained. These findings are consistent with the existing literature regarding SNS as a primary channel to maintain the existing social relationships among college students. The study also found that all motivation factors, except information-seeking factor, were positively and significantly related to social presence. The strongest correlations were between social presence and Facebook use for social interaction and entertainment needs. It seemed that users who seek social interaction and entertainment needs are more likely to feel a sense of being with others while users who seek to get information are less likely to feel a sense of social presence. These findings implied that to some extent, a sense of social presence occurs in the context of Facebook and that the experience of social presence depends on what college students seek from Facebook use. In addition, the results showed a positive relationship between Facebook use and social presence; the more college students use Facebook, the more they are likely to experience sense of social presence. Given that Facebook provides college students with a place where they can share thought and feelings among friends, it can be concluded that Facebook contributes to the sense of belonging among users. And such feeling may enhance a sense of presence with others while using Facebook. These findings suggest that uses and gratifications researchers should consider the concept of social presence as an important variable in explaining what audience members do with media.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to re-interpretate the meaning of place from the perspective view of events. In the realm of events, time, process, and evolution are emerging as more important elements for better places rather than space or fixed physical elements. First, this study reviews the phenomenological contribution to the meaning of place by discussing differences between positivism and phenomenology. The phenomenological approach has strengths that can perceive individual experiences and idiosyncraises through a holistic approach and qualitative methods. However, it has weaknesses such as unpredictability, subjectivity and ambiguity. In order to overcome these weaknesses, the notion of singularities(pure events) on the metaphysical plane existing between nature and culture is explored via Deleuzean concepts(Post-structuralism); singularities become events(simulacre) through ´becoming´ and these events have meaning through this process in the particular place. By this process, the subject an feed a sense of place through this meaning. Events unexpectedly create a series of events and have impact in the future. Creating various events in the particular place requires many contextural settings where the embodied perceptions could take place. Describing the potentiality of embodied perceptions demands ´smooth space´ rather than ´striated space´. Smooth space refers to the space where orientations and linkages are in continuous variation. Recent architectural and landscape architectural design projects reveal that the emphasis is placed on the open-ended set of various events unfolding over time rather than the physical settings of the place. For better landscape design, new concepts need to be introduced and implemented. These new concepts should focus on creating a series of events and considering the evolution of the place over time through multi-contextural and rhizomatical synthesis rather than rigid and static master plan of SAD(survey-analysis-design) methodology.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1191-1210
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• 2010

This article claims that English liquid consonants are characterized by the presence of complex place nodes, regardless of dialectal varieties. The primary difference between rhotic and laterals can be pursued in a phonological sense. The level of subbranching nodes is in charge of the disparities among two types of liquids: the branching immediately below the Coronal node with laterals, while branching at the secondary sublevel with rhotics. In this context, the processes of rhotic deletion and lateral vocalization can be understood as those motivated to get rid of complex place nodes. That is, those processes take place as part of phonological attrition. Next, the onset/coda asymmetry regarding liquids stems from the dispreference of vocoid at the onset position, which is readily accounted for by the series of constraints on the well-formedness on the onset, namely Harmonic Onset. The rationale of gradualness and harmonic improvement proposed by Harmonic Serialism is useful to separate the attested outputs from unattested ones across the whole gamut of English varieties. All in all, the primary benefits of our analysis can be found in the consistence in the explanation for the operations running through the sounds regarded as belonging to liquid consonants, comprising the whole range of rhotic and lateral consonants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

The campus outdoor space in each city is a very important space for students and local residents. Especially, for students, indoor space such as classroom is the main place to learn knowledge. But the outdoor space provides an opportunity to interact with people in other sectors and it also gives an opportunity that can make students sense the flow of the times. Moreover, students have the opportunity to integrate knowledge of the other fields in the outdoor space. The campus also provides an important resting place for residents. Therefore the campus should be convenient for both local residents and students, and should be designed to let students and local residents communicate with each other in outdoor space. This study attempts to identify the problems of the outdoor space in such a point. The high scores of campus evaluation indexes are as follows: First, the lighting in the favorite space and installing seats in a green space of the vestibule get the highest score. Also, separation of a sidewalk and a roadway, the ease of holding events, simple food and beverage near the entrance, the interacting place of people, the resting place near the porch in cold winter, the lighting in a bus stop and parking lot also get good evaluations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.193-201
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• 2005

In this study we analyzed and interpreted the phenomenologlcal characteristics and meanings of water space in religious architecture through field studies and phenomenologlcal approaches, focusing on the religious architecture Introducing water space in contemporary architecture. The phenomenological experience elements of the research ate light, time, place and context. As the results of this study, first, light as a phenomenological element not only induces a contrast and change between light and the shadow in architectural space and various changes of light in inner space, but also operates as an element which expresses building features outward with time. Second, time as a phenomenological perception experience makes us feel changes of the environment and physical properties and experience space visually and physically. The continuity of time shows the change of a day, night and daytime and seasons. Third, water space makes the sense of place more remarkable, connected closely with surrounding nature In outer space, and creates a new space. Fourth, water space is a contextual element which harmonizes with surrounding environment by connecting surrounding natural environment with architectural space. Fifth, water space in religious architecture is a symbolic and central element, and emphasizes the atmosphere of architectural space. In addition, it makes the people who experience water space perceive the place by triggering sensitive response.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2000

Based upon the cases of two conventional market places of Seoul (Chungryangri and Hwanghakdong Market0, this study seeks, in mainly the insiders's view, to find out the micro meaning of conventional market places in the city. In-depth interviews for longer than six months were used to get life histories and daily life records from the merchants. From the result of the in-depth interviews, it was found that, for the insider's view, conventional markets are places where lower class people (or people who leave their farm lands for a city) easily settle down, as shoed in the two families' settlement history in the two conventional markets are very much similar to those in their home places. In conclusion, as represented in these two markets, conventional market places are not only the places that provides jobs to their merchants but also the places where the merchants' lives are continued, developed and reproduced. Based upon the both outsider's and insider's views, it is suggested that the recent modernization and redevelopment process to deal with conventional markets should change its direction and search for other solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.20-27
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• 2007

This paper presents a landscape design for the meeting plaza around the "Myeonmok" subway station. The site is located at 120-1 Myeonmok 1-dong, Jnngrang-gu, Seoul, and its area is approximately $2,664.7m^2$. The goal of the design was to make an environmentally friendly meeting and rest place which was related to the subway station. To achieve this goal, concepts of history, tradition, sense of place, community, environmental friendliness, and function were developed. For history, stone sculpture and art tiles symbolizing the paleolithic area were introduced because the site is located near an archaeological site of paleolithic min. For tradition, considering that the site is a 'sailing ship' form in terms of Pungsu theory, a sculpture symbolizing a sailing ship and paving patterns symbolizing waves were introduced. For asense of place, a grass hill, a waterfall and a pond symbolizing an old meadow for horse pasture was introduced. In addition, a multi-purpose round plaza as a meeting place for local community and subway users was proposed. A zelkova grove symbolizing a village forest was proposed for a restand relaxation area. All areas were designed to be environmentally friendly and barrier-free. Concepts for a defensible space wereadapted for safety because the site was a crime-prone area.