• 아동학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2012

This study compared a number of related variables according to children's stress types using the data mining method. The sample population was taken from the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) data (2688, sixth-grade elementary students). The results of the decision tree model revealed that : (1) Parental expectations in terms of study, life satisfaction, self-esteem, parental attachment, aggression, the spousal relationship, other cognition (one's own misdeeds), and study related worries were all related to parent stress. (2) Life satisfaction, study related worries, admitting one's own misdeeds, gender, other cognition (one's own misdeeds), aggression, the spousal relationship, and a sense of alienation in the school were all related to appearance stress. (3) Study related worries, parental expectations in terms of study, aggression, life satisfaction, self-esteem, parental attachment, satisfying parental expectations, parental attachment, and teacher attachment were all related to academic stress. (4) A sense of alienation in the school, mixing with peers in the school, aggression, self-esteem, other cognition (one's own misdeeds), study related worries, parental abuse, and life satisfaction were all significantly related to friend stress. These results suggested that children's diverse conditions should be considered according to the stress types if we are to understand and cope with these stress types more efficiently.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.41-66
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• 2005

본 연구는 탈북자들의 가치관, 라이프스타일, 귀인양식, 고정관념 등을 중심으로 한 심리적 특성을 남한주민들과 비교하여 그 차이점을 살펴보고, 이러한 심리적 특성이 소외감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 가치관에서 탈북자들은 남한주민들에 비해 '개인이나 가족'보다는 '나라'를, '출세'보다는 '부모봉양'을, 인생을 잘사는 것은 '풍부하게 사는 것'보다 '깨끗이 사는 것'을 더 중요하다고 생각했다. 라이프스타일에서는 탈북자들이 남한주민들에 비해 '전통적 가족주의', '전통적 집단주의', '사회의식', '전통위계 의식'에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 귀인양식에서 탈북자들은 남한주민들에 비해 내외귀인 항목에서 내적귀인이, 일관성 항목에서는 일시성보다는 항상 일어날 것이라고 귀인 하는 경향이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 고정관념에서 남한주민들은 탈북자들에 대해 반항적, 비판적, 이기적, 경쟁적으로 지각하는 등 탈북자 스스로가 평가한 특성보다 더 부정적으로 지각하였다. 소외감의 경우 탈북자들은 소외영역에서는 일로부터의 소외감이 가장 높았으며, 소외유형에서는 무력감이 가장 높았다. 탈북자들의 소외감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, '내외귀인', '문화개방성', '풍요로운 생활' 등의 순이었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과 및 시사점 등에 대해 논의하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2023

Breaking the fourth wall is a very popular concept right now, and depictions of breaking the barrier between virtuality and reality are often used in game advertising. In VR games, game manufacturers describe the experience after breaking the fourth wall as an experiencer who will be completely immersed in the virtual world, as if they are actually living in the virtual world. At the same time, research in the field of traditional drama also shows that breaking the fourth wall can also bring a sense of alienation to the player, allowing the experiencer to clearly realize that he and the character are in a completely different world, and to conduct aesthetic criticism of related works of art.So why there are two completely different feelings after breaking the fourth wall will be the content of this article. This article will focus on the theoretical analysis of the relationship between two different cognitions and two completely different cognitions after breaking the fourth wall. Finally, it will be analyzed from three directions: game perspective, game art style, and different world views of the game. Finally, it was concluded that when players break the fourth wall in the game, these three factors will cause the experiencer to have two completely different cognitions.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.281-307
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• 2016

본 연구는 이용자 선택권 강화 맥락에 초점을 두고 바우처 도입 이후 돌봄노동자에게 나타난 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 바우처 도입 이후 돌봄노동자들의 고용, 해고, 노동강도 등에 서비스 이용자들이 미치는 영향력이 강화됨에 따라 돌봄노동자들은 노동지위의 취약화와 노동 의미와 상실, 돌봄노동자로서의 정체성 혼란 등 '노동소외'를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 돌봄노동자의 노동소외는 사회서비스 질 향상에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인으로 양질의 사회서비스 공급을 위해서는 서비스 이용자의 권리 향상과 더불어 돌봄노동자의 인권 및 노동권 보호 논의가 함께 이루어져야 함을 제안하였다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine retirees' attitudes towards change of living standards. The data were drawn from the 2007 Korean Retiree Survey, as carried out by the Korean Investors Education Foundation. The major findings are as follows: 1) Some retirees were not well-prepared for retirement, i.e., they lacked financial consultation, had low personal financial literacy, and lacked sufficient wealth. Retirees suffered from health difficulties, loneliness or a sense of alienation, family conflict, or lack of pastimes. 2) Certain groups recognized the change of living standards for retirees as either positive or negative. Retirees who recognized the change of living standards as negative were not well-prepared for retirement, had low personal financial literacy, and lacked sufficient wealth. They also suffered from health difficulties, loneliness or a sense of alienation, family conflict, or lack of pastimes. 3) There was a strong probability for the negative recognition group not to be well-prepared for retirement, having low personal financial literacy, and lacking in sufficient wealth. There was a strong probability for the negative recognition group to suffer from health difficulties or lack of pastimes. Based on these findings, this research suggests that retirees should prepare for retirement with a positive attitude.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-106
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• 2014

As an empirical study on the psychological side effects of using Social Networking Services (SNS), this study aims to identify the reality of negative emotion of using SNS and to predict its consequences. To this end, a measurement tool was developed through literature review, in-depth interview with users and expert review to induce negative emotional factors that can arise while using SNS. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for a total of 24 measurement items, which then were divided into the following 6 factors: 'concern over privacy,' 'burden from undesired connection,' 'relative deprivation,' 'a sense of alienation,' 'concern over reputation' and 'negative feeling about simple relationship.' Also, the relationship between the 6 negative emotional factors and psychological dissonance was analyzed. The results indicate that all the factors, except relative deprivation and a sense of alienation, affect psychological dissonance. It was also found that psychological dissonance, which implies a conflicting condition from using SNS, significantly affects the behavior that possibly reduces and limits the use of SNS. In other words, the users who have experienced psychological dissonance respond passively by avoiding the use of SNS to resolve the dissonance. The results of this study provide the base for explaining the psychological side effects of using SNS, which have been understood at a phenomenal level, such as 'Facebook depression' or 'SNS stress.' In addition, this study is of significance as it helps understand the psychological mechanism by identifying the relationship between negative emotion and use behavior with the theory of cognitive dissonance.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2023

With the continuous development of emerging technologies represented by VR technology, many game developers are declaring that they are constantly trying to break the "fourth wall" and break the boundaries between virtual and reality to create game immersion for players. new game. But for many gamers, a strong sense of immersion is not the focus of their pursuit. The sense of control and safe exploration during the game is also the game experience that many gamers are pursuing. Moreover, there is ambiguity in the definition of the concept of breaking the fourth wall in the field of academic theory. The purpose of breaking the fourth wall was to separate the real world from the virtual world, to remind the audience that the actors and the audience are in two different worlds, and to trigger the audience's thinking about drama and deeper philosophy. But in the current game, it has become a blurring of the boundary between virtual and reality, pulling players into the virtual world, and focusing on the immersive experience. In this paper, we will first sort out the concept of "breaking the fourth wall", and then conduct a comparative analysis of horizontal scroll games and VR games, and conclude that the "fourth wall" has an impact on players Great conclusion.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

정신분열증 환자의 불안감 감소 및 대인관계성 향상에 영화치료가 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해서, 정신보건센터 상담실의 직업재활과정에 있는 정신분열증 환자 10명을 대상으로 7회에 걸친 영화치료 및 상담 프로그램을 실시하였다. 영화치료 과정에 대한 질적 분석 결과 소외와 불안 행동이 개선되어 정서적으로 안정되는 경향이 확인되었으며, 의사 표현이 활발해지고 내면세계에 대한 표출이 적극적으로 이루어지는 등 대인관계성이 향상되었다. 또한 불안감 지수 및 대인관계성 지수의 측정 척도를 적용한 양적 분석을 실시한 결과, 불안감 지수에서 전체 참여자 중 7명이 일반인 평균보다 정서적으로 더 안정되어 있었으며, 대인관계성 지수에서는 10명 중 6명의 대인관계성이 일반인 평균보다 더 좋은 수치를 보였다. 이상의 분석을 통해서 영화를 매개로 하는 치료 방법이 정신분열증 환자들의 불안감 감소 및 대인관계성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.270-282
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• 2002

This study was established to understand how Arte Povera has affected the contemporary fashion based on the analyses of its characteristics and may provide a prospective view to predict style of future fashions. The results were as follows : 1) “The poverty” shows such characteristics as patch work, intentional mismatch, and tendency to prefer slightly used style. This meaning can be explained as direct expression from a sense of alienation, against to consumer economy, and dual-expression between poverty and wealth. 2) “Anti-formativeness” can be described for misinterpretations of creation, arrangement, and informal silhouette due to distortion of the human body. This expression includes such meanings as against to traditionalism, ignorance of rationality, and disorganization of the concepts between the beauty and the ugly. 3) “Naturalism” indicates as characteristics of use of natural materials and primitive expression. This expression could be generated from adaptation to the nature and desire toward uncivilized society due to skepticism about modern society. 4) “Symbolism” shows such expressions as an isolated feeling from society, and metaphoric sense from specific situations because there are too many applications of imported materials. This tendency can be also explained with the creations of spaces for opened concepts through disorganizations of territory, obscurity, and irregularity.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-214
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• 2012

$21^{st}$ century customer is voluntary actor, who has hegemony of communication based on digital surrounding. They are co-creator dismantling boundary between production and spending, and digital homonarrance of digital storyteller acting on the emotion. What is more, they prove the utility of 5 sense, value, experience, and story in market. 20th century Me generation is changing into We generation, who overcomes a sense of alienation and aim at smart life style for harmonious symbiosis with earth environments. Customer cultural trends are as follow as that 1) personalization of taste and experience, 2) spreading and sharing about personal use and experience, 3) consumption centered the value, 4) retreat and healthcare, 5) counter trend comes into the reaction about the forceful major trend. Contemporary customer changes essence of the life on the ground of emotion, symbol, image, and value not a commodity, function, and logos, and demands into change about direction of business to mostly enterprises. Customer's need and desire are on the increase as various emotion and value. Therefore, change of customer cultural trend is barometers for the growth and development of new fashion industry in $21^{st}$ century.