• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.30.1-30.10
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• 2017

Small-scale fish farmers in developing countries are faced with challenges owing to their limited information on aquaculture management. Nile tilapia farmers in Teso North Sub-County recorded lower yields than expected in 2009 despite having been provided with required inputs. Water quality was suspected to be the key factor responsible for the low yields. This study sought to assess the effects of earthen pond water physico-chemical parameters on the growth of Nile tilapia in six earthen fish ponds under semi-intensive culture system in Teso North Sub-County. The study was longitudinal in nature with pond water and fish being the units of analysis. Systematic sampling was used to select five ponds while a control pond was purposively selected based on its previously high harvest. Four ponds were fed by surface flow and two by underground water. Each pond was fertilized and stocked with 900 fry of averagely 1.4 g and 4.4 cm. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in-situ using a multi-parameter probe. Sixty fish samples were randomly obtained from each pond fortnightly for four months using a 10 mm mesh size and measured, weighed and returned into the pond. Mean range of physico-chemical parameters were: dissolved oxygen (DO) 4.86-10.53 mg/l, temperature $24-26^{\circ}C$, pH 6.1-8.3, conductivity $35-87{\mu}S/cm$ and ammonia 0.01-0.3 mg/l. Temperature (p = 0.012) and conductivity (p = 0.0001) levels varied significantly between ponds. Overall Specific Growth Rate ranged between 1.8% (0.1692 g/day) and 3.8% (1.9 g/day). Ammonia, DO and pH in the ponds were within the optimal levels for growth of tilapia, while temperature and conductivity were below optimal levels. As temperature and DO increased, growth rate of tilapia increased. However, increase in conductivity, pH and ammonia decreased fish growth rate. Temperature and DO ranging between 27 and $30^{\circ}C$ and 5-23 mg/l, respectively, and SGR of 3.8%/day and above are recommended for higher productivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

Metabolic responses to the protein-free, high-carbohydrate diet and subsequent food restriction on the same diet at the level of 50% and 75% has been studied on the adult albino rats. The energy source was either corn starch or sugar. In experiment I, adult male rats weighing $509{\pm}8g$ were divided into two groups 10 rats each. Rats fed on the stock diet served as a control. Rats of restriction group received a protein free diet until they reduced their weight down to 400g and continue on a protein-calorie restriction diet until they reduced their weight down to 300g. In experiment II, 28 adult male rats and the same numbers of female rats weighing $329{\pm}5g$ and $223{\pm}4g$ respectively were divided into four groups, 7 males and females in each. Rats fed on a stock diet were sacrificed at the point when others started a protein free diet. These were served as the control. The protein free group received a protein free diet ad libitum for 4 weeks. The 50% restriction group and 75% restriction group were fed on a protein free diet coupled with food restriction at levels of 50% and 75% respectively for 3 weeks. In the result of this study: 1. The rate of body weight changes was similar between the males and the females. Feeding protein free diet ad lib. initiated a rapid weight lost of approximately 25% and protein free diet coupled with food restriction showed 37-43% reduction of their initial weight. 2. There was no significant differences in the value of the N concentration in liver, spleen, brain and muscle between controls and experimental groups. 3. Rats fed on protein free diet showed 1/10 value of the control in the nitrogen excretion in urine. However female showed less N excretion than male. 4. Observing blood picture, the effects of protein depletion and calorie restriction were not appeared any remarkable changes. 5. There was no sign of fatty liver which might result from protein depletion and calorie restriction. 6. Following semi-starvation, FAO and HMP-DH total enzyme activity was reduced, but activity per unit weight was relatively stable.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

The present study aimed to obtain basic knowledge of a customized artificial joint based on the convergence research of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) and 5-axis machining technology. In the case of the research method, three-dimensional modeling was generated based on the medical image of the humerus bone, and the shape was machined using a chemical wood material. Then, the anatomical characteristics and the modeling machining computation times were compared. The results showed that the Stereolithography (STL) modeling required twice more time for semi-finishing and 10 times more time for finishing compared to the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification(IGES) modeling. For the 5-axis machining humerus bone, the anatomical structures of the anatomic neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and intertubercular groove were similar to those in the three-dimensional medical image. In the future, the convergence machining technology, where 5-axis machining of various structures(e.g., the surgical neck undercut of the humerus bone) is performed as described above, can be efficiently applied to the manufacture of a customized joint that pursues the precise model of a human body.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6491-6496
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• 2012

Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome in low-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and explored parental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poor patients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versus prosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child's health was beyond doctor control and determined by luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God's punishment (23%). Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more information about cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment (55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by their child's cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%). Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome was determined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraints and provision of information and guidance are better addressed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental information fer the rehabilitation of hand injury and to emphasize the point of early treatment of hand injury after operation. The subjects are composed with the physical therapists who care hand injury and are engaged in 76 university hospitals,59 general hospitals and 88 semi and local clinics respectively. Investigator take the research form chart with 41 questionnaire and use the cross tabulation frequencies and one-way ANOVA of SPSS WIN(ver 10.0) for the statistic analysis. The results of this research are as follows :1. The number of physical therapists who care hand injury are 110 men and 113 women. 2. The beginning period of active assistive exorcise on the various type of injuries are as follows: At the case of flexor tendon injury, the most part of physical therapists make response to the period that is above 4 weeks in the rate of 29.1%. At the case of fracture, the most part of physical therapists make response to the period those are from 3 weeks to less than 4 weeks and from 4 weeks to less than 5 weeks in the rate of 28.7% respectively. At the case of crushing injury, the most part of physical therapists response to the period that is above 4 weeks in the rate of 32.2%. At the case of amputation injury, the most part of physical therapists response to the period that is above 4 weeks in the rate of 40.4%. 3. In the physical therapy request, treatment period are mentioned in 22.0%. 4. The most difficult factors in the hand treatment is to contracture soft tissue and joint to physical therapist in the rate of 59.6%. 5. Among the reasons of the intervention between physical therapy request and actual treatment, the case of wrong physical therapy request is examined in 69.4%.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

Background: The ideal alternative airway device should be intuitive to use, yielding proficiency after only a few trials. The Clarus Video System (CVS) is a novel optical stylet with a semi-rigid tip; however, the learning curve and associated orodental trauma are poorly understood. Methods: Two novice practitioners with no CVS experience performed 30 intubations each. Each trial was divided into learning (first 10 intubations) and standard phases (remaining 20 intubations). Total time to achieve successful intubation, number of intubation attempts, ease of use, and orodental trauma were recorded. Results: Intubation was successful in all patients. In 51 patients (85%), intubation was accomplished in the first attempt. Nine patients required two or three intubation attempts; six were with the first 10 patients. Learning and standard phases differed significantly in terms of success at first attempt, number of attempts, and intubation time (70% vs. 93%, $1.4 {\pm}0.7$ vs. $1.1{\pm}0.3$, and $71.4{\pm}92.3s$ vs. $24.6{\pm}21.9s$, respectively). The first five patients required longer intubation times than the subsequent five patients ($106.8{\pm}120.3s$ vs. $36.0{\pm}26.8s$); however, the number of attempts was similar. Sequential subgroups of five patients in the standard phase did not differ in the number of attempts or intubation time. Dental trauma, lip laceration, or mucosal bleeding were absent. Conclusions: Ten intubations are sufficient to learn CVS utilization properly without causing any orodental trauma. A relatively small number of experiences are required in the learning curve compared with other devices.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, and clinical blood indices in college students by body mass index (BMI). Their body compositions were determined by means of BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method. Their dietary intake was determined using a 3-day record method and their hematological indices were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (Sysmex F-520). Their serum lipid levels were measured using biochemical analyzer (Spotchem). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or over-weight groups according to their BMI. The subjects were 69 healthy college students aged 20 to 26 years. The average age, height, weight, and BMI was 21.3 years, 162.6 cm, 54.4 kg, and $20.6cm/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy was 1693 kcal, 84.7% of RDA and their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat were 54.5 : 16.4 : 29.0. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake among the groups except ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C. The ${\beta}$-carotene intake was significantly higher in the underweight group. Vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the overweight group. The mean intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate of subjects were 74.8% to 83.2% of RDA. Especially, intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate were lower in the abnormal weight groups. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in female college students were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. However, anemic subjects with hemoglobin (< 12 g/dl) and hematocrit (< 36 g/dl) accounted for about 11% of the subjects. The everall mean values of the serum lipid levels were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. But serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was lower than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the overweight group compared to the other groups. Based upon this study, it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more Ca, Fe, Zn, folate and less fat and cholesterol in order to have better health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.505-514
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• 1997

Concern about body weight among young females is too much, so distorted body image and restrained eating are serious problems among Korean young females. A society preoccupied with thinness give a psychological burden to women, this burden may have adverse effects on health physically and psychologically. We tried this study to investigate body image, eating problems, and dietary intakes among female college students in urban areas of Korea. We satisfactorily surveyed using their body weight, desired weight dieting, binge eating, and night eating by self-questionnaires with 500 female college students. We evaluated their dietary intakes by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires to assess their usual intakes. After removing incomplete data, we analyzed 469 data by SAS 6.10. The 469 women aged 21.1 years. Their mean height, weight, and BMI were 161.4cm, 52.5kg, and 20.2kg/$m^2$ respectively. Though the frequency of obesity was only 2.6$\%$, the frequency of dissatisfaction with their body weight was 84.7$\%$. Female college students desired their hight, weight, and BMI to be 165.8cm, 48.2kg, and 17.5kg/$m^2$, respectively. The frequency of binge eating and night eating were 20.7$\%$and 6.8$\%$. The odds ratios for binge eating and night eating were 10.9(95$\%$ CI : 2.6-15.1) and 6.0(95% CI : 1.8-14.8) in the group satisfied with their body weight compared with the dissatisfied group. The odds ratios for binge eating and night eating were 2.6(95% CI : 1.6-4.4) and 2.4(95% CI : 1.1-5.4) in the dieting group compared with the non-dieting group. The mean caloric intake was 1, 840kacl and percent intakes of carbohydrate, protein, and fat wee 57.2$\%$, 16.3$\%$, and 24.0$\%$, respectively. The dieting group showed deficient intakes of protein and calcium significantly compared with the non-dieting group showed deficient intakes of protein and calcium significantly compared with the non-dieting group. Almost all women college students in urban area had dissatisfaction with their body shape, and desired severe undrerweight. The frequency of binge eating and night eating increased according to dissatisfaction with body weight, diet, and distortion of body image. Dieting has adverse effect on the intakes of essential nutrients. Educations is needed to correct distorted body image, and bad eating habits in young females, and marked preoccupation with thinness among women should then be reduced. (Korean J Community Nutrition2(4) : 505-514, 1997)

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.283-292
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• 2016

Conventional fingerprint powders used during crime scene investigations pose potential health hazards. Thus, multiple natural replacement powders, including squid ink powder, indigo and rice powder were used to develop (visualize) latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces (e.g., glass, plastic and tile). Fingerprints developed using the natural powders were compared using the Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with those developed with traditional black powder. The peak areas of ridges were also compared using densitometric image analyses. Collectively, objective and quantitative evaluation methods were developed. The effectiveness of natural powders varied depending on the surface but, in general, squid ink powder performed well on most surfaces. Indigo powder performed well on tile surfaces, while rice powder performed well on glass surfaces. Plastic was the most difficult surface from which to develop fingerprints. Image analysis using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the importance of the size and shape of natural powder particles to properly adhere to the ridges. Although densitometric image analyses did not correlate the number of minutiae and ridge peak areas, an unbiased, objective evaluation method would be possible using image analyses with a reference image. Additional experimentation will yield safe and cost-effective natural powders with which adequate fingerprint development can be performed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.845-849
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare various culture methods and evaluate economic feasibility of each method for mass propagation of new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha'. Four different methods such as semi-solid culture, solid culture, liquid suspension culture and bioreactor culture were compared. The solid culture and bioreactor culture showed the shortest and longest root length, such as 3.6 cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Fresh weights of plants cultured in bioreactor were 2,261 mg, which were heavier than those of cultures. Dry weights of plants cultured in bioreactor were the heavier compared to those in other cultures. The number of axillary bud developed in bioreactor was seven, but axillary bud was not developed in other cultures. Production cost through bioreactor culture was calculated to be 303 won per plant which was 542 won less than that of solid culture. As a result, we found that the bioreactor culture was the most cost effective culture method for in vitro mass propagation in new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha'.