• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.72-73
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• 2005

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2017년도 추계 학술발표초록집
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• pp.83-83
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• 2017

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2014

본 연구는 몽골 반건조 지역 현지에서 토양 개량이 묘목의 활착 및 생장에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 알칼리성 사질 토양인 연구대상지에 2년생 백양나무(Populus sibirica)와 비술나무(Ulmus pumila) 묘목을 심고 질소(시비량에 따라 2수준), 황, 인공보습제, 황토가공소재 등을 처리하였다. 4개월 뒤, 두 수종의 묘목 활착률은 질소 시비량의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 일반적으로 질소의 시비는 양분을 공급하여 묘목의 활착률 및 생장을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 본 연구 결과에서 나타난 활착률 감소는 과다시비로 인한 토양 삼투압의 증가에 의한 것으로 보인다. 두 수종 모두 황토가공물질 처리구에서 근원경 생장에 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 그리고 백양나무의 경우 인공보습제 처리구에서도 근원경 생장이 유의하게 증가하였는데, 이는 백양나무가 건조에 내성이 있음에도 불구하고 수분 요구도가 높은 포플러속에 속하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 반면 황 처리는 두 수종의 활착률과 근원경 생장 모두에서 효과가 없는 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 건조지 토양의 낮은 황산화율 때문으로 추정된다. 향후 건조/반건조 지역에서 토양 개량의 장기적인 효과를 알아보기 위하여 묘목 생장 및 토양 특성에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 요구되며, 연구 수종에 적합한 시비량 산정을 위한 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.449-454
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• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the incidence of the morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Semen was collected twice a week by A. V. over one-year period. The percentage of total abnormal spermatozoa was $14.1{\pm}0.5$. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly higher incidence of abnormal spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen abnormality. In addition to its effect on the total number of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, season affected significantly the primary as well as the secondary types of abnormalities. The differences between incidence of primary and secondary types of abnormalities were not significant for all seasons and seasons pooled together. The ratio between the total forms of abnormality in the head, mid-piece and tail of spermatozoa was as 1:1.5:1. Head and mid-piece had defected more during summer compared with both winter and spring. There was no variation in tail abnormalities due to season. The significant effect of season on head was observed by large, pyriform, free and detached heads, while that on mid-piece was by swollen, coiled mid-pieces and protoplasmic droplets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the biophysical characteristics of semen. Semen was collected twice a week by AV (artificial vagina) over one-year period. The analyses revealed that all the basic seminal traits studied were differed significantly due to season, except the ejaculate volume and consistency and the percentage of swollen spermatozoa in a hypo-osmotic fructose-citrate solution. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly lower sperm motility, concentration and total counts, and higher percentage of dead spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen quality. The temperature-humidity index was calculated and it was associated (p < 0.01) negatively with the ejaculate pH, sperm concentration and total counts, and positively with the % of dead sperms. Ejaculate volume, percentage of swollen spermatozoa, individual motilities did not correlate significantly with the change in temperature-humidity index values. The total live, motile spermatozoa per ejaculate during both the winter and spring seasons showed significant increase of about 37% and 32% respectively over the summer season. Also, rectal temperatures of the bulls were elevated during the hot summer season, while the values of blood hemoglobin and packed-cell volume were decreased.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2006

Virulence and genetic diversity were studied using 21 isolates of Sclerospora graminicola, the pearl millet downy mildew pathogen collected from major pearl millet growing areas of India. Variability for virulence was determined by inoculating a set of 10 differential hosts with the S. graminicola isolates in a greenhouse. The isolates varied for latent period (6.4 to 11 days), disease incidence (0 to $98\%$), virulence index (0 to 18.7) and oospore-production potential (1 to 4). Among the 21 isolates, Sg 139 (Rajasthan) was the most virulent and Sg 110 (Tamil Nadu) the least virulent. Based on virulence index (disease incidence$\time$slatent $period^{-1}$), the 21 isolates were classified into eight virulence groups. Genetic diversity among isolates was studied using AFLP markers. Based on similarity index of banding pattern, the 21 isolates were clustered into eight genotypic groups. The AFLP groupings, however, did not match with that of the virulence groupings, and these two were found independent. The isolate Sg 139 that remained distinct in both pathogenic and genetic groupings indicated its highly virulent nature. Implications of these results in downy mildew resistance breeding are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1134-1138
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• 2006

Forest tree leaves (12 different species) of semi hilly arid region of Punjab State were collected at 30-day interval throughout the year to assess the seasonal variations in tannin profile. Tannins were extracted and fractionated from fat free samples and data were analyzed statistically by $12{\times}12$ factorial design. The leaves of Anogeissus latifolia had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of total phenols (17.4%), net (15.9%) and hydrolysable (16.9%) tannins, followed by leaves of Acacia nilotica. Majority of the tree leaves selected had moderate levels (2-5%) of net tannins. Leaves of Carrisa had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins (CT), whereas the leaves of Anogeissus had the lowest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins. The protein precipitable phenols (PPP) corresponded well with the net tannin content present in different tree leaves. Seasonal variation data revealed that in summer, net tannins and PPP decline in leaves of Bauhinia and Zizyphus whereas the net tannin content of Anogeissus and that of Carrisa increased during summer. The CT and PPP content in the leaves of Pheonix, Leucaena, Zizyphus and Ougenia increased in winter till spring season. Tree leaves generally had higher concentration of HT during summer months. It was concluded that leaves of leaves of A. nilotica, A. latifolia and L. leucocephala could serve as an excellent alternate feed stuffs for ruminants. However, leaves of Phoenix, Carrisa, Bauhinia and Dodonea should be avoided.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

The effect of five plant population densities [5 (D$_1$), 10 (D$_2$), 20 (D$_3$), 30 (D$_4$), and 40 (D$_{5}$) plants/m$^2$] of four groundnut cultivars [ICGV 86699, ICG (FDRS) 10, ICGS 11 and TMV 2] and fungicide application (Kavach, chlorothalonil) to manage late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were studied in a field experiment during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons. LLS and rust severities were low in fungicide sprayed plots in all the cultivars irrespective of plant densities. Severities of LLS and rust, and percentage defoliation caused by LLS were significantly more in higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) than in lower plant densities (D$_1$, D$_2$, D$_3$) in fungicide sprayed and unsprayed plots in all the cultivars. All the cultivars gave significantly higher haulm and pod yields in fungicide sprayed plots than in unsprayed plots. Haulm and pod yields were significantly higher in higher plant densities than in lower plant densities. A combination of higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) and fungicide protection against LLS and rust gave maximum yield.yield.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.227-263
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• 2013

Examining the patterns of evolution of interstate systems in Asia, this article argues that the relationship of state-builders to nomads stood in much of continental Asia stood in sharp contrast to the relationships between rulers and mercantile-financial elites in Europe. Due to the productivity of wet-rice economies, continental Asian rulers were not dependent on merchants and bankers to raise armies to wage war or suppress rebellions unlike their European counterparts. Hence they had no need to grant bankers and merchants concessions, especially monopolies which is how large volumes of capital are accumulated. Geographic conditions however meant that while the lack of internal frontiers meant that large continental-sized states could be created in China, this was not possible in the Indian subcontinent where a more chequered equilibrium where nomads enjoyed a military advantage in arid and semi-arid tracts meant that trans-subcontinental polities enjoyed only a fleeting existence. In mainland southeast Asia, where dense forests and a difficult terrain insulated the region from nomadic conquests, a third variant of interstate relations emerged.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2000

Crop-animal systems which form the backbone of agriculture in the tropics are discussed with reference to their characteristics, economic importance of animals, genesis and types of crop-animal systems, relevance and potential importance, and priorities for research and development. These production systems are found across all agroecological zones: rain-fed temperate and highland systems, semi-arid and arid tropics, and sub-humid and humid tropics: the last four are priority areas in Asia. The potential importance of these systems in Asia is reflected in their advantages, synergism and complimentarity, economic benefits and contribution to sustainability. Illustrative case studies are cited which are appropriate to the two broad types of mixed farming systems: systems combining animals and annual cropping, and systems combining animals with perennial cropping with reference to Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China and Nigeria. Priorities for research and development should address more complete use of the animal genetic resources, intensive utilisation of the feed resources, development-oriented utilisation of research results, minimizing animal diseases, and implementation of appropriate institutional and policy issues.