• Title/Summary/Keyword: Semantic consistency

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Preference-based Supply Chain Partner Selection Using Fuzzy Ontology (퍼지 온톨로지를 이용한 선호도 기반 공급사슬 파트너 선정)

  • Lee, Hae-Kyung;Ko, Chang-Seong;Kim, Tai-Oun
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.37-52
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    • 2011
  • Supply chain management is a strategic thinking which enhances the value of supply chain and adapts more promptly for the changing environment. For the seamless partnership and value creation in supply chains, information and knowledge sharing and proper partner selection criteria must be applied. Thus, the partner selection criteria are critical to maintain product quality and reliability. Each part of a product is supplied by an appropriate supply partner. The criteria for selecting partners are technological capability, quality, price, consistency, etc. In reality, the criteria for partner selection may change according to the characteristics of the components. When the part is a core component, quality factor is the top priority compared to the price. For a standardized component, lower price has a higher priority. Sometimes, unexpected case occurs such as emergency order in which the preference may shift on the top. Thus, SCM partner selection criteria must be determined dynamically according to the characteristics of part and its context. The purpose of this research is to develop an OWL model for the supply chain partnership depending on its context and characteristics of the parts. The uncertainty of variable is tackled through fuzzy logic. The parts with preference of numerical value and context are represented using OWL. Part preference is converted into fuzzy membership function using fuzzy logic. For the ontology reasoning, SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) is applied. For the implementation of proposed model, starter motor of an automobile is adopted. After the fuzzy ontology is constructed, the process of selecting preference-based supply partner for each part is presented.

A Folksonomy Ranking Framework: A Semantic Graph-based Approach (폭소노미 사이트를 위한 랭킹 프레임워크 설계: 시맨틱 그래프기반 접근)

  • Park, Hyun-Jung;Rho, Sang-Kyu
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.89-116
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    • 2011
  • In collaborative tagging systems such as Delicious.com and Flickr.com, users assign keywords or tags to their uploaded resources, such as bookmarks and pictures, for their future use or sharing purposes. The collection of resources and tags generated by a user is called a personomy, and the collection of all personomies constitutes the folksonomy. The most significant need of the folksonomy users Is to efficiently find useful resources or experts on specific topics. An excellent ranking algorithm would assign higher ranking to more useful resources or experts. What resources are considered useful In a folksonomic system? Does a standard superior to frequency or freshness exist? The resource recommended by more users with mere expertise should be worthy of attention. This ranking paradigm can be implemented through a graph-based ranking algorithm. Two well-known representatives of such a paradigm are Page Rank by Google and HITS(Hypertext Induced Topic Selection) by Kleinberg. Both Page Rank and HITS assign a higher evaluation score to pages linked to more higher-scored pages. HITS differs from PageRank in that it utilizes two kinds of scores: authority and hub scores. The ranking objects of these pages are limited to Web pages, whereas the ranking objects of a folksonomic system are somewhat heterogeneous(i.e., users, resources, and tags). Therefore, uniform application of the voting notion of PageRank and HITS based on the links to a folksonomy would be unreasonable, In a folksonomic system, each link corresponding to a property can have an opposite direction, depending on whether the property is an active or a passive voice. The current research stems from the Idea that a graph-based ranking algorithm could be applied to the folksonomic system using the concept of mutual Interactions between entitles, rather than the voting notion of PageRank or HITS. The concept of mutual interactions, proposed for ranking the Semantic Web resources, enables the calculation of importance scores of various resources unaffected by link directions. The weights of a property representing the mutual interaction between classes are assigned depending on the relative significance of the property to the resource importance of each class. This class-oriented approach is based on the fact that, in the Semantic Web, there are many heterogeneous classes; thus, applying a different appraisal standard for each class is more reasonable. This is similar to the evaluation method of humans, where different items are assigned specific weights, which are then summed up to determine the weighted average. We can check for missing properties more easily with this approach than with other predicate-oriented approaches. A user of a tagging system usually assigns more than one tags to the same resource, and there can be more than one tags with the same subjectivity and objectivity. In the case that many users assign similar tags to the same resource, grading the users differently depending on the assignment order becomes necessary. This idea comes from the studies in psychology wherein expertise involves the ability to select the most relevant information for achieving a goal. An expert should be someone who not only has a large collection of documents annotated with a particular tag, but also tends to add documents of high quality to his/her collections. Such documents are identified by the number, as well as the expertise, of users who have the same documents in their collections. In other words, there is a relationship of mutual reinforcement between the expertise of a user and the quality of a document. In addition, there is a need to rank entities related more closely to a certain entity. Considering the property of social media that ensures the popularity of a topic is temporary, recent data should have more weight than old data. We propose a comprehensive folksonomy ranking framework in which all these considerations are dealt with and that can be easily customized to each folksonomy site for ranking purposes. To examine the validity of our ranking algorithm and show the mechanism of adjusting property, time, and expertise weights, we first use a dataset designed for analyzing the effect of each ranking factor independently. We then show the ranking results of a real folksonomy site, with the ranking factors combined. Because the ground truth of a given dataset is not known when it comes to ranking, we inject simulated data whose ranking results can be predicted into the real dataset and compare the ranking results of our algorithm with that of a previous HITS-based algorithm. Our semantic ranking algorithm based on the concept of mutual interaction seems to be preferable to the HITS-based algorithm as a flexible folksonomy ranking framework. Some concrete points of difference are as follows. First, with the time concept applied to the property weights, our algorithm shows superior performance in lowering the scores of older data and raising the scores of newer data. Second, applying the time concept to the expertise weights, as well as to the property weights, our algorithm controls the conflicting influence of expertise weights and enhances overall consistency of time-valued ranking. The expertise weights of the previous study can act as an obstacle to the time-valued ranking because the number of followers increases as time goes on. Third, many new properties and classes can be included in our framework. The previous HITS-based algorithm, based on the voting notion, loses ground in the situation where the domain consists of more than two classes, or where other important properties, such as "sent through twitter" or "registered as a friend," are added to the domain. Forth, there is a big difference in the calculation time and memory use between the two kinds of algorithms. While the matrix multiplication of two matrices, has to be executed twice for the previous HITS-based algorithm, this is unnecessary with our algorithm. In our ranking framework, various folksonomy ranking policies can be expressed with the ranking factors combined and our approach can work, even if the folksonomy site is not implemented with Semantic Web languages. Above all, the time weight proposed in this paper will be applicable to various domains, including social media, where time value is considered important.

A Semantic Classification Model for e-Catalogs (전자 카탈로그를 위한 의미적 분류 모형)

  • Kim Dongkyu;Lee Sang-goo;Chun Jonghoon;Choi Dong-Hoon
    • Journal of KIISE:Databases
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.102-116
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    • 2006
  • Electronic catalogs (or e-catalogs) hold information about the goods and services offered or requested by the participants, and consequently, form the basis of an e-commerce transaction. Catalog management is complicated by a number of factors and product classification is at the core of these issues. Classification hierarchy is used for spend analysis, custom3 regulation, and product identification. Classification is the foundation on which product databases are designed, and plays a central role in almost all aspects of management and use of product information. However, product classification has received little formal treatment in terms of underlying model, operations, and semantics. We believe that the lack of a logical model for classification Introduces a number of problems not only for the classification itself but also for the product database in general. It needs to meet diverse user views to support efficient and convenient use of product information. It needs to be changed and evolved very often without breaking consistency in the cases of introduction of new products, extinction of existing products, class reorganization, and class specialization. It also needs to be merged and mapped with other classification schemes without information loss when B2B transactions occur. For these requirements, a classification scheme should be so dynamic that it takes in them within right time and cost. The existing classification schemes widely used today such as UNSPSC and eClass, however, have a lot of limitations to meet these requirements for dynamic features of classification. In this paper, we try to understand what it means to classify products and present how best to represent classification schemes so as to capture the semantics behind the classifications and facilitate mappings between them. Product information implies a plenty of semantics such as class attributes like material, time, place, etc., and integrity constraints. In this paper, we analyze the dynamic features of product databases and the limitation of existing code based classification schemes. And describe the semantic classification model, which satisfies the requirements for dynamic features oi product databases. It provides a means to explicitly and formally express more semantics for product classes and organizes class relationships into a graph. We believe the model proposed in this paper satisfies the requirements and challenges that have been raised by previous works.

Consistency in Assessment of Creative Products in Terms of Evaluators' Knowledge of Creativity Assessment Criteria and the Type of Assessment Tools (창의적 산출물 평가에서 평정자의 지식 및 평가 도구 유형에 따른 일치도 분석)

  • Lee, Su Jin;Choe, Ho Seong;Park, Kyung Hee
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.677-697
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzed the difference in evaluation results in evaluating identical products by applying two different types of evaluating scales, Creative Product Analysis Matrix (CPAM) and Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS) by O'Quin and Bessember (1989). As a result, evaluation based on explicit knowledge scored lower than evaluation based on implicit knowledge, implying that the evaluation becomes stricter. When evaluated with CPSS, which as relatively more segmentalized grading criteria, all sub-dimensions of creativity showed low scores, and it show that when evaluator's first impression or personal evaluation standard on the products is firm, they may not be evaluated by the evaluation tools. Gifted education teachers were giving similar evaluations as experts in creative product evaluation, and understanding the product evaluation tool fully in advance before teaching or evaluating products may lead to the generation of newer, more useful and appropriate, and highly creative product with high solvability.

Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST) (한글판 낙상 위험 주거환경 평가 (Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool; HOME FAST)의 내용이해도 및 신뢰도 연구)

  • Ju, Yumi;Cho, Sun-Young
    • Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.77-92
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    • 2019
  • Objective : This study aims to obtain the validation of Korean version of HOME FAST using the translation-back translation process and to evaluate the reliability. Methods : Total three stages were conducted which includes forward translation to Korean, test for degree of understanding of translated version, back translation to English, and then review and proof reading process. 21 occupational therapists were participated in the evaluation of understanding of Korean-translated HOME FAST, then some of expressions were modified for better understanding. Korean version was went through back-translation to English. Similarity between the original version and re-translated version were evaluated. Total 75 data from community dwelling elderly group were collected to assess internal consistency. Two occupational therapists simultaneously evaluated for the inter-rater reliability. Results : 11 items of Korean-translated scale were responded as having confused meaning by occupational therapists. There was some modification on expression. In the evaluation of similarity between original version and re-translated version, 3 items were selected as dissimilar items in terms of syntax and 6 items were selected in terms of semantic similarity. After the repetitive modification process, items were obtained conceptual equivalence between two different languages. Internal consistency was .62(KR20) (p<.01) and inter-rater reliability was .97(ICC) (p<.01). Conclusion : Korean version of HOME FAST was finalized through translation-retranslation process. The conceptual equivalence was established and Korean version showed highly reliable. In further study, The modification of items reflecting Korean house and life style should be conducted.

A multi-channel CNN based online review helpfulness prediction model (Multi-channel CNN 기반 온라인 리뷰 유용성 예측 모델 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Li, Xinzhe;Yun, Hyorim;Li, Qinglong;Kim, Jaekyeong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.171-189
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    • 2022
  • Online reviews play an essential role in the consumer's purchasing decision-making process, and thus, providing helpful and reliable reviews is essential to consumers. Previous online review helpfulness prediction studies mainly predicted review helpfulness based on the consistency of text and rating information of online reviews. However, there is a limitation in that representation capacity or review text and rating interaction. We propose a CNN-RHP model that effectively learns the interaction between review text and rating information to improve the limitations of previous studies. Multi-channel CNNs were applied to extract the semantic representation of the review text. We also converted rating into independent high-dimensional embedding vectors representing the same dimension as the text vector. The consistency between the review text and the rating information is learned based on element-wise operations between the review text and the star rating vector. To evaluate the performance of the proposed CNN-RHP model in this study, we used online reviews collected from Amazom.com. Experimental results show that the CNN-RHP model indicates excellent performance compared to several benchmark models. The results of this study can provide practical implications when providing services related to review helpfulness on online e-commerce platforms.

Non-Simultaneous Sampling Deactivation during the Parameter Approximation of a Topic Model

  • Jeong, Young-Seob;Jin, Sou-Young;Choi, Ho-Jin
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.81-98
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    • 2013
  • Since Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) were introduced, many revised or extended topic models have appeared. Due to the intractable likelihood of these models, training any topic model requires to use some approximation algorithm such as variational approximation, Laplace approximation, or Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Although these approximation algorithms perform well, training a topic model is still computationally expensive given the large amount of data it requires. In this paper, we propose a new method, called non-simultaneous sampling deactivation, for efficient approximation of parameters in a topic model. While each random variable is normally sampled or obtained by a single predefined burn-in period in the traditional approximation algorithms, our new method is based on the observation that the random variable nodes in one topic model have all different periods of convergence. During the iterative approximation process, the proposed method allows each random variable node to be terminated or deactivated when it is converged. Therefore, compared to the traditional approximation ways in which usually every node is deactivated concurrently, the proposed method achieves the inference efficiency in terms of time and memory. We do not propose a new approximation algorithm, but a new process applicable to the existing approximation algorithms. Through experiments, we show the time and memory efficiency of the method, and discuss about the tradeoff between the efficiency of the approximation process and the parameter consistency.

An Ontology-Based Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment for automotive functional safety (자동차 기능안전성을 위한 온톨로지 기반의 위험원 분석 및 위험 평가)

  • Roh, Kyung-Hyun;Lee, Keum-Suk
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2015
  • The ISO 26262 standard requires a preliminary hazard analysis and risk assesment early in the development for automotive system. This is a first step for the development of an automotive system to determine the necessary safety measures to be implemented for a certain function. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based hazard analysis and risk assessment method for automotive functional safety. We use ontology to model the hazard and SWRL(Semantic Web Language) to describe risk analysis. The applicability of the proposed method is evaluated by the case study of an ESCL(electronic steering column lock) system. The result show that ontology deduction is useful for improving consistency and accuracy of hazard analysis and risk assessment.

An Ontological and Rule-based Reasoning for Music Recommendation using Musical Moods (음악 무드를 이용한 온톨로지 기반 음악 추천)

  • Song, Se-Heon;Rho, Seung-Min;Hwang, Een-Jun;Kim, Min-Koo
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.108-118
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we propose Context-based Music Recommendation (COMUS) ontology for modeling user's musical preferences and context and for supporting reasoning about the user's desired emotion and preferences. The COMUS provides an upper Music Ontology that captures concepts about the general properties of music such as title, artists and genre and also provides extensibility for adding domain-specific ontologies, such as Mood and Situation, in a hierarchical manner. The COMUS is music dedicated ontology in OWL constructed by incorporating domain specific classes for music recommendation into the Music Ontology. Using this context ontology, we believe that the use of logical reasoning by checking the consistency of context information, and reasoning over the high-level, implicit context from the low-level, explicit information. As a novelty, our ontology can express detailed and complicated relations among the music, moods and situations, enabling users to find appropriate music for the application. We present some of the experiments we performed as a case-study for music recommendation.

Landscape Evaluation of Rural Stream based on the Factor Analysis of Visual Preference (시각적 선호요인 분석을 통한 농촌 소하천 경관평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Keun;Cho, Woo-Hyun;Im, Seung-Bin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.5 no.1 s.9
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to find the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation by the semantic differential scale and to suggest the major determinants of visual preference in rural stream landscapes. For this, the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation was found by the method of the reliability test, and the spatial image was analyzed by the factor analysis. The level of visual preference was measured by slide simulation test, and these data were analyzed by the multiple regression. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) Of the bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological and physical characteristics, the hi-polar adjectives which demonstrated reliability and consistency run as follows : Bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological characteristics : 'calm-bustling', 'unfamiliar-familiar', 'still-active','depressing-brisk', 'discomfortable-comfortable', 'suppressed-free', 'lifeless-living', 'quiet-noisy', 'unpleasant-pleasant'. Bi-polar adjectives expressing physical characteristics : 'artificial-natural', 'narrow-wide', 'rocky-not rocky', 'desolate-fertile', 'dirty-clean', 'enclosed-open', 'flat-steep', 'not gravelly-gravelly', 'thicketed-not thicketed', 'not weedy-weedy'. 2) Two factors, the harmony and the movement, were derived from the factor analysis for the psychological variables. Three factors, the naturalness, the rock, and the vegetation, were derived from the factor analysis for the physical variables. 3) Rural stream landscape types were classified into four types by the multi-dimensional scaling method. Type III, IV obtained higher rank of visual preference and type I, II obtained lower. 4) For all types, the factors determining the level of visual preference were found to be the harmony, the naturalness, and the vegetation. The visual preference determinants of rural stream landscape need to be considered in improving or restoring the rural stream landscapes.

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