• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an exercise program for the thoracic spine and scapula rather than the neck, which is the primary site of pain. METHODS: Thirty-two elementary school teachers with a forward head posture (FHP) were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 16). The experimental group performed scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) and thoracic extension exercise (TEE), and the control group performed cervical self-myofascial release exercise and stretching exercise. The pulmonary functions, pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and cervical range of motion (CROM) were measured before the intervention and six weeks after. RESULTS: The within-group comparisons showed that the VAS and CROM (except for extension) in both groups were significantly different before and after the intervention (p < .05). The changes in the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), and CVA were significant only in the experimental group (p < .05). The between-group comparisons showed a significant difference in the FVC, FEV1, VAS, CVA, and left lateral flexion (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The combination of SSE and TEE in the experimental group was more effective in improving the FHP and breathing ability. Moreover, the experimental group and control combination appeared to be effective in reducing pain and improving the CROM. The combination of SSE and TEE, which are exercises that do not target the cervical spine directly, was effective in improving the posture, respiration, neck pain, and CROM in elementary school teachers with FHP.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2577-2596
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• 2013

In this paper, we present an Energy-Aware Self-Stabilizing Distributed Clustering protocol based on message-passing model for Ad Hoc networks. The latter does not require any initialization. Starting from an arbitrary configuration, the network converges to a stable state in a finite time. Our contribution is twofold. We firstly give the formal proof that the stabilization is reached after at most n+2 transitions and requires at most $n{\times}log(2n+{\kappa}+3)$ memory space, where n is the number of network nodes and ${\kappa}$ represents the maximum hops number in the clusters. Furthermore, using the OMNeT++ simulator, we perform an evaluation of our approach. Secondly, we propose an adaptation of our solution in the context of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with energy constraint. We notably show that our protocol can be easily used for constructing clusters according to multiple criteria in the election of cluster-heads, such as nodes' identity, residual energy or degree. We give a comparison under the different election metrics by evaluating their communication cost and energy consumption. Simulation results show that in terms of number of exchanged messages and energy consumption, it is better to use the Highest-ID metric for electing CHs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2015

Purpose: Bruxism is commonly considered a major risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and the psychosocial factors had been one of the etiologic factor of bruxism. But there are still unsolved issues on the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD and the etiologic factors of bruxism. This study is aim to evaluate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics according to diagnostic grade of bruxism in TMD patients. Methods: Three hundred subjects were enrolled who were under the stabilization splint therapy for TMD. Recently international consensus proposed a diagnostic grading system of "possible", "probable", and "definite" sleep or awake bruxism for clinical and research purpose. According to their suggestion, we classified these subjects as self-reported bruxism (SRB) and wear facet bruxism (WFB). We investigated the clinical characteristics (sex, age, chief complaint, pain duration, visual analogue scale), sum of tenderness (temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, cervical muscles), diagnosis of TMD according to research diagnostic criteria (the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD), headache, subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and psychosocial characteristics (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R) in enrolled subjects. We compared the clinical and psychosocial characteristics between these bruxism groups. Results: There were no significant correlation between self-reported and WFB (p=0.13). SRB subjects more reported pain as a chief complain than subject who did not report bruxism (p=0.014). The mean score of global PSQI was significantly higher in SRB than in did not report positively subjects (p=0.045). The mean score of anxiety and phobic anxiety was significantly higher in SRB than in did not reported positively subjects (p=0.045, p=0.041). Conclusions: Although bruxism is regarded as risk factor of TMD, this study showed inconsistent result between SRB and clinically detected bruxism by wear facet on slpint. We suggest that the clinician should consider with extreme caution when they assess SRB.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2017

교수자가 학생들의 자율적인 팀 결성의 행동적 특성을 파악하는 것은 교과에서 팀 활동을 효과적으로 지도하기 위해 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 에이전트 기반의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 학생들의 팀 결성 행동 특성을 모사할 수 있는 컴퓨터 모형을 개발하였다. 실험을 통한 검증 결과 개발된 모형은 실제 학생들의 행동적 특성을 모사할 수 있음이 관찰되었다. 학생의 수와 팀원을 찾는 탐색의 범위가 클수록 팀의 결성이 안정화되기까지의 시간이 줄어들며 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율 또한 줄어들지만 어느 한계를 넘어서면 시간과 비율에 있어 큰 차이가 없음을 발견하였다. 또한 융 복합 교과 등에서 구성원 간의 이질성이 증가한다면 팀 구성 시간과 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율이 급격히 증가하므로 경우에 따라 교수자가 학생들의 팀 구성에 적절하게 개입하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 개발된 모형을 통해 모의실험 함으로써 학생들의 팀 결성의 성격과 구조를 진단하고 분석할 수 있으므로 개발된 모형은 학생들의 팀 활동을 지원하는 도구로 유용하리라 기대한다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

Background: Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique that allows for the reduction and stabilization of mandibular fractures. Several methods of IMF, such as self-tapping screws or arch bars, have been developed. This study aimed to validate the usefulness of IMF with a self-tapping screw compared to IMF with arch bars with focus on the patients' perspective. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were treated for mandibular fractures at our hospital between August 2014 and February 2021. A total of 57 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients were excluded from the analysis: three patients were lost to follow-up, and 10 patients did not undergo IMF. Finally, 44 patients were analyzed, of which 31 belonged to the arch bar group, and 13 belonged to the screw group. Patient discomfort and pain during IMF application and removal were analyzed using a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The surgeon also assessed oral hygiene, IMF stability, and occlusion. Results: We applied IMF to 34 men (77%) and 10 women (23%). The mean age of the patients was 37.3 years. The most common fracture site was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (25%), the body (23%), the condyle (11%), and the ramus (11%). Patient discomfort and oral hygiene were statistically favorable in the screw group. The IMF application time was statistically shorter in the screw group (p< 0.001). IMF stability was not statistically different between the two groups. The pain score during IMF removal was lower in the screw group (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to arch bars, IMF screws provide more comfort during the IMF period, help maintain favorable oral hygiene, and have a shorter application time. From the patient's perspective, IMF screws are an excellent alternative to conventional arch bars when applicable.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.750-763
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• 2000

This study is based on grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin(1998). Ten hospitalized subjects were interviewed for data collection. In the process of data analysis, 'acceptance' is found to be the causal condition, while 'health professionals' skillfulness', 'ward environment', 'history of hospitalization', and 'general conditions' were identified as context, 'felling of relief' as the core phenomenon, 'self-efficacy', 'support of others', and 'life style' as the intermediate situation, 'passive reaction', 'alternative reaction' and 'active reaction' as the strategy and 'stabilization', 'satisfaction', 'hope' and 'carrying out' as consequences. 'Feeling of relief' is found to go through the three stages of recognition-generation-maintenance after the five different patterns. 1) In case the health professionals are skillful, the ward environment is favorable, the general conditions of the patients improved and as a result the feeling of relief is strong, during the first hospitalization, the self-efficacy of the subjects tends to be strong. They proceed toward the goal set for themselves with a renewed hope and active or alternative reaction toward the feeling of relief. 2) The subjects tend to proceed toward the goal set for themselves with a renewed hope and active and alternative reaction toward the feeling of relief in case health professionals are skillful, the ward environment is favorable the general conditions of the subjects improved, self-efficacy is strong, and lifestyle is autonomous, during the second hospitalization even though support of others is merely superficial. 3) The subjects tend to stabilize, and satisfy themselves with the given situation with passive and alternative reaction to the feeling of relief in case health professionals are skillful and the ward environment is favorable but the general conditions worsened and accordingly the feeling of relief, is weak and life style is dependent during the second hospitalization although the subjects' self-efficacy is strong and support of others is specific. 4) The subjects tend to stabilize and satisfy themselves with the given situation with passive and alternative reaction to the feeling of relief in case health professionals are unskillful the ward environment is unfavorable, the general conditions improved, support of others is specific but life style is dependent and self-efficacy is weak during the first hospitalization. 5) The subjects tend to stabilize and satisfy themselves with the given situation in case health professionals are unskillful the ward environment is unfavorable but the general conditions improved support of others is specific and as a result self-efficacy is strong but life style is dependent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.153-174
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• 1995

This study was conducted to examine the determinant factors for expenditure of the medical insurance program for self-employeds based on the analysis of 1991 'The Medical Insurance Program for Self-Employeds Statistical Yearbook', and also similar yearbooks in the metropolitan and other provinces. The major findings are as follows : We have divided benefits into these four components such as the utilization rate for out-patients, expenses per claim for out-patients as paid by the insurer, utilization rate for in-patients, and the expenses per claim for in-patients as paid by the insurer, in order to examine the determinant factors for it. The results of the study revealed the following findings, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on the benefits than other demographic and economic variables, while, in county areas, both the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 affected the provision of benefits. The determinant factors for financial balance of the medical insurance program for self-employeds are, first, the determinant factor for administrative expenses was the number of households. The more the number of households, the less the administrative expenses per the insured. This shows that the economy of scale is being. And so, the administrative district must be taken into consideration in the incorporation of small regional medical societies and should be re-organized for more efficient management. Second, in urban areas, the supply of medical care had more influence on utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer, and therefore it is necessary to control it. In county areas, the supply of medical care and the rate of those aged over 65 raised the utilization rate and expenses per claim as paid by insurer. For the financial stability of county areas, a common fund for medical care for the aged and expansion of finance stabilization fund would be necessary. But, in county areas, it would be unnecessary to control the supply of medical care because it was much more insufficient than in urban areas. The vitalization of public health facilities must be carried out in county areas, for they reduced benefits. Sice the more insured in a single household, the less the utilization of the medical insurance program, benefits for habilitation at home should be given consideration. The law of majority and the economy of scale were applied here, and therefore the incorporation of regional medical societies must be taken into consideration. In integrating regional medical societies, it would be absolutely necessary to review the structural differences among all regional medical societies, the medical demand of each region, and also the local characteristics of each region.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

Human Pose Estimation (HPE) which localizes the human body joints becomes a high potential for high-level applications in the field of computer vision. The main challenges of HPE in real-time are occlusion, illumination change and diversity of pose appearance. The single RGB image is fed into HPE framework in order to reduce the computation cost by using depth-independent device such as a common camera, webcam, or phone cam. However, HPE based on the single RGB is not able to solve the above challenges due to inherent characteristics of color or texture. On the other hand, depth information which is fed into HPE framework and detects the human body parts in 3D coordinates can be usefully used to solve the above challenges. However, the depth information-based HPE requires the depth-dependent device which has space constraint and is cost consuming. Especially, the result of depth information-based HPE is less reliable due to the requirement of pose initialization and less stabilization of frame tracking. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method of HPE which is robust in estimating self-occlusion. There are many human parts which can be occluded by other body parts. However, this paper focuses only on head self-occlusion. The new method is a combination of the RGB image-based HPE framework and the depth information-based HPE framework. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method by COCO Object Keypoint Similarity library. By taking an advantage of RGB image-based HPE method and depth information-based HPE method, our HPE method based on RGB-D achieved the mAP of 0.903 and mAR of 0.938. It proved that our method outperforms the RGB-based HPE and the depth-based HPE.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1993

녹황색 세균인 Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum NCIB 8327 로부터 광수확기구인 chlorosome 을 초원심분리법으로 분리하여 그들의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Chlorosome 은 Percoll self gradient 에서 초원심분리하였을 때 약 1.05 g/$cm^{3}$ 의 밀도인 것으로 측정되었다. UV-visible absorption spectra 에 의한 분석결과. chlorosome 은 세균엽록소 (bacteriochlorophyll)d, chlorobactene 및 약간의 세균엽록소 a 로 구성되었음을 확인하였다. 분리된 chlorosome 은 산성조건에서보다 염기성 조건(pH>7) 에서 더 안정하고, 0.deg. C 에서 $80^{\circ}C$ 까지 온도에서는 안정하나 그이상의 온도에서는 급격하게 파괴되었으며, 빛에 의해서도 쉽게 파괴되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 두고 볼 때, chlorosome 에서는 색소를 안정화시켜주는 단백질이나 지질이 존재할 석으로 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2020

본 연구는 이직의도 철회 경험이 있는 상담원이 이직의도 철회시 어떠한 요인들이 중요한 역할을 했는지 알아보기 위해 모 통신사 고객센터 상담원을 대상으로 3개월에 걸쳐 인터뷰 설문조사 연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 업무이동, 동기부여, 자기효능감, 정서조절이 상담원 이직의도 철회에 주요 영향 요인으로 나타났으며, 상사지원, 동료지원은 이직 의도 철회에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그중, 정서조절과 업무이동은 이직의도 철회에 있어 다른 요인보다 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업에서 중요성이 점점 커지고 있는 고객센터 부서의 상담원 이직률을 낮춰 조직의 안정화를 극대화하고, 또한 고객센터 상담원의 이직의도 철회에 관련된 연구에 이론적 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.