• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among Korean adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Factors affecting the SMBG frequency were analyzed in order to improve their glycemic control. Methods: Sixty-one adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with T1DM were included from one tertiary center. Clinical and biochemical variables were recorded. Factors associated with SMBG frequency were assessed using structured self-reported questionnaires. Results: Average total daily SMBG frequency was $3.8{\pm}2.1$ and frequency during the school day was $1.3{\pm}1.2$. The mean HbA1c level was $8.6%{\pm}1.4%$. As the daily SMBG frequency increased, HbA1c levels declined (P=0.001). The adjusted odds of achieving the target HbA1c in participants who performed daily SMBG ${\geq}5$ significantly increased 9.87 folds (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 61.70) compared with those performed SMBG four times a day. In the subjects whose SMBG frequency <1/day during the school day, an 80% reduction in the adjusted odds ratio 0.2 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.86) showed compared to the group with performing two SMBG measurements in the school setting. The number of SMBG testing performed at school was significantly high for individuals assisted by their friends (P=0.031) and for those who did SMBG in the classrooms (P=0.039). Conclusion: Higher SMBG frequency was significantly associated with lower HbA1c in Korean adolescents with T1DM. It would be necessary to establish the school environments that can facilitate adequate glycemic control, including frequent SMBG.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine to control of glucose level and the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes by compliance groups with health care regimen The subjects were consisted of 300 out patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrinology department at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patient's compliance level with health care regimen was assessed at questionnaire. However, the blood glucose level and the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed by SAS program for chi square test and t-test. The results were as follows. 1. Significant differences were found among the factors such as duration of diabetes, the number of participation of diabetes educational program, job, smoking, self monitoring of blood glucose and the methods of diabetes therapy between high and low compliance groups. High compliance group patients had a diabetes longer than low compliance group patients. High compliance group patients more frequently attended the educational program and checked themselves monitoring blood glucose than low compliance group patients. Also, they did not work recently, smoked less and got more insulin injection therapy compared to low compliance group patients. 2. No significant differences were found among the result of fasting blood glucose. 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and $HbA_{l}c}$ between high and low compliance groups. 3. The occurrence rate of macrovascular complications of chronic complications of diabetes were lower, however, the occurrence rate of microvascular complications were higher in high compliance group than in low compliance group with health care regimen.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2021

Neonatal diabetes mellitus can be categorized as transient, permanent, or syndromic, and approximately half of the cases are transient. We present a case involving a term newborn who showed overt progression of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, with complete remission within 6 months. On the second day of life, the patient presented with tachypnea, hyperglycemia, and decreased serum levels of C-peptide and insulin. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin and continuous glucose monitoring were well tolerated. The patient showed a normal growth pattern, with no hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic episodes at 6 months of age. As it is rare and often asymptomatic, hyperglycemia may be attributed to various factors, including intrauterine environment, perinatal stress, and diverse genetic background. Therefore, consistent blood glucose monitoring and prompt early insulin therapy are crucial for any term newborns with persistent hyperglycemia, to prevent further diabetic complications. Moreover, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and the utilization of continuous glucose monitoring devices are the most effective and practical management strategies.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of nursing intervention programs for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through a critical review of recent studies. Methods: Studies related to effects of nursing intervention programs for women with GDM published in English or Korean between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from 10 electronic databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated and double-checked for accuracy by two reviewers using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: Twenty studies were selected, of which 19 had a low risk of bias and one had a high risk of bias. Interventions fell into six main groups: (1) integrated interventions, (2) self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, (3) dietary interventions, (4) exercise, (5) psychotherapy, and (6) complementary therapy. This review found that nursing interventions for GDM were of many types, and integrated interventions were the most common. However, low-carbohydrate diets and blood glucose monitoring interventions did not show statistically significant results. Evidence shows that various nursing intervention programs applied to GDM improved diverse aspects of maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, including both physical and psychological aspects. Conclusion: The composition and delivery of integrated interventions continue to evolve, and these interventions affect physical and psychological indicators. Although interventions affecting physical health indicators (e.g., blood glucose levels, diet, and exercise) are important, many studies have shown that programs including psycho-emotional nursing interventions related to anxiety, depression, stress, self- efficacy, and self-management are also highly useful.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.295-298
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• 2014

A novel approach to fabricating high-performance glucose sensors is reported, which is based on the process of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In this study, we have particularly used ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (LA) SAMs for the glucose sensors. To our best knowledge, this study is the first one to use LA as SAMs for this purpose. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were deliberately attached at the same time on the LA SAM. Then, glucose oxidase ($GO_X$) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were sequentially immobilized. Thus, the HRP/$GO_X$/NHS-EDC/LA-SAM/Au/Cr/glass working electrode was developed. The glucose-sensing capability of the fabricated sensor was systematically measured by the use of cyclic voltammetry in the range of 1-30 mM glucose in phosphate-buffered saline. The result showed a good sensitivity, that is, as high as $27.5{\mu}A/(mM{\cdot}cm^2)$. This result conspicuously demonstrates that LA can be one of promising substances for use as SAMs for accurately monitoring trace levels of glucose concentration in human blood.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

본 연구는 당뇨병 진단방법의 개선을 위하여 채혈을 직접적으로 하지 않고 혈당을 측정할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 근적외선 분광법을 적용하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 근적외선 분광법을 이용하여 1 mg/dL에서 200 mg/dL 사이의 표준 시료 80개 글루코오스 흡수 스팩트럼을 측정하고 이를 정량하여 표준 농도와의 상관관계를 비교하였을 때 1.8 mg/dL 오차범위에서 매우 우수하였다. 그리고 실제 혈액중에 존재할 수 있는 전해질 및 피부에 의한 산란의 영향을 연구하였을 때 모두 2.8 mg/dL 및 3.8 mg/dL의 표준오차를 나타내었다. 특히 실제 피부에 적용하기 위하여 검량곡선에 비직선성을 유발하는 빛의 산란 현상에 관한 모델링을 통하여 정확도를 향상시키는 통계적인 방법을 제시하였다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2017

현대 사회는 고령층 인구의 확대와 당뇨병 발병률의 증가에 따라 당뇨에 대한 인식이 커지고 있다. 특히 당뇨 환자는 갑작스런 저혈당 쇼크가 발생할 수 있으므로 주기적으로 혈당을 측정하는 것이 중요하다. 하지만 자가 혈당측정기는 휴대의 불편함과 값 관리의 어려움을 동반하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 혈당측정시스템은 센서 형태나 스마트기기와 연동이 되는 형태로 연구되고 있으나 상용화 되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 이를 해결할 수 있는 혈당측정 기능이 포함된 스마트밴드이다. 사용자는 앱에서 식전/식후와 같은 혈당을 측정해야 하는 일정을 입력하면 밴드에서 알람을 받을 수 있다. 밴드에서는 언제든지 혈당 측정이 가능하며, 측정값은 식전/식후와 같은 값과 날짜와 시간을 포함하여 앱으로 전송되어 관리된다. 이를 통해 사용자의 건강관리, 진단 및 예방에 도움을 준다. 본 시스템은 의료기기인증이 된 2개의 제품과 성능평가를 진행하여 혈당 측정값도 더 정확함을 확인했다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

신체 내 혈당 변화량과 $^1H$ 원자핵의 스핀-격자 완화시간의 변화량이 관련 있음과 원자핵의 스핀-격자 완화시간을 측정하는 방법으로 자기공명흡수법이 제안된 바 있다. 자기공병흡수법에 의하여 신체 내 혈당 변화량을 감지하기 위해서는 검출 영역내 고수준의 자기장의 세기와 균일도의 확보가 필수적이다. 가정에서 손쉽게 혈당의 변화량을 측정할 수 있도록, 본 논문에서는 가정용으로 적합한 크기와 무게를 가지면서 요구되는 자기장의 세기와 균일도를 확보한 무혈혈당측정기를 디자인하였다. 여러 형상과 재질을 갖는 초기 모델들을 설계, 제작하였고, 검출 영역의 자기 특성을 비교하여 최종 재질을 결정하였다. 또한, 유한요소 해석모델을 구축하고 형상 최적화를 통하여 최종 모델을 선정하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2011

Assessment of quality of life (QOL) is a new method to investigate the effectiveness of dietary regimen. Particularly, diet-related QOL is the most appropriate method to estimate social and psychological problems originated from dietary regimen practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet-related QOL and the correlation between diet-related QOL and health-related QOL, and dietary regimen practice in online diabetes self-help patients who practice the dietary regimen. Sixty one subjects who intended to practice dietary regimen were recruited from online diabetes self-help community, and instructed to fill-up the self report questionnaires. Contents of questionnaire were comprised of general characteristics, clinical characteristics, dietary compliance, and dietary regimen practice. As a result, the mean score of the 'Dietary impact' among the diet-related QOL sub-scales was the lowest suggesting most of the subjects suffer from burden of dietary regimen practice. The "Dietary impact" was correlated with "Taste", "Convenience" and "Cost" (p < 0.05). "Self-care" and "Satisfaction" were positively associated with well-controlled blood glucose and dietary regimen compliance, but negatively associated with "Dietary impact". Diet-related QOL was significantly correlated with the Health-related QOL, particularly the mental and social component (p < 0.05). Diet-related QOL was negatively associated with BMI, and self monitoring blood glucose was negatively correlated with "Self-care" (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Diet-related QOL might be appropriate to evaluate the effects of dietary regimen or nutrition education. The need for dietary education of cognitive-behavioral strategies and problem-solving ability is required.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the content and effectiveness of psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The following databases were searched with no limitation of the time period: Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NDSL, KoreaMed, RISS, and KISS. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected articles according to the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. ROB 2.0 and the RoBANS 2.0 checklist were used to evaluate study quality. Results: Based on the 14 selected studies, psychosocial support interventions were provided for the purpose of (1) informational support (including GDM and diabetes mellitus information; how to manage diet, exercise, stress, blood glucose, and weight; postpartum management; and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus); (2) self-management motivation (setting goals for diet and exercise management, glucose monitoring, and enhancing positive health behaviors); (3) relaxation (practicing breathing and/or meditation); and (4) emotional support (sharing opinions and support). Psychosocial supportive interventions to women with GDM lead to behavioral change, mostly in the form of self-care behavior; they also reduce depression, anxiety and stress, and have an impact on improving self-efficacy. These interventions contribute to lowering physiological parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Conclusion: Psychosocial supportive interventions can indeed positively affect self-care behaviors, lifestyle changes, and physiological parameters in women with GDM. Nurses can play a pivotal role in integrative management and can streamline the care for women with GDM during pregnancy and following birth, especially through psychosocial support interventions.