• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.53
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• pp.117-159
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• 2016

This is a case study with the objectives of performing an in-depth investigation of the development process, outcome, and the factors related to the development process of Jinggomdari-the self-help group for divorced single parents at Wolgye social welfare center. Document review, in-depth interviews of the member/practitioner/middle manager, and participatory observations were performed and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that the development process of Jinggomdari consisted of 4 phases including initiation, formation of basis, growth, and expansion/independence. Two categories including 'nurturing abilities and growth as an individual or within families or communities' and 'beyond Jinggomdari, into society', 6 subcategories, and 31 concepts were derived as the outcome. In terms of the factors related to the development process and outcome, 6 categories including 'members participating with sympathy despite various issues', 'outstanding and stabilized leadership', 'commitment of the practitioners showing utmost efforts despite shortcomings', 'effective functions as the hub supporting the low-income divorced single parents families based on the institution's firm determination', 'mixed group showing cautious but synergistic effects', 'dilemma of managing the low-income divorced single parents self-help group and lack of manual for management', 20 subcategories, and 61 concepts were derived. Management issues concerning low-income divorced single parents' self-help group was discussed based on these results.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2014

Self-photoinitiating acrylate (SPIA) which can undergo self-initiation under UV irradiation was synthesized by a Michael addition in the presence of a base catalyst. The SPIA polymerizations were investigated by photo-differential scanning calorimeter (photo-DSC) and surface physical properties such as pendulum hardness and pencil hardness. The results showed that the SPIA can cure upon UV irradiation by itself without a photoinitiator. But we found out that both the curing rate and the conversion were too low for the self-curing reaction of SPIA. In order to improve the SPIA curing properties, we introduced the SPIA/cationic hybrid system and observed the effects of the addition of commercial free radical type monomer and photoinitiator on the curing behaviors. SPIA/cationic hybrid system was the best suitable to improve the SPIA curing properties. The kinetic analysis indicated that the cationic monomer and photoinitiator apparently accelerated the cure reaction and rate of the hybrid SPIA system, mostly due to the synergistic effect of cationic monomer and photoinitiator increasing the mobility of active species and the generation of reactive species (free radical, cation) during the photopolymerization process. The physical properties showed that, unlike typical free radical system, the hybrid systems did not show oxygen inhibition effect because of cationic reaction on the coating surface.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine factors with attendance in hyperlipidemia nutrition eduction program among 101 hyperlipidemic outpatients (38 males 63 females) at Samsung Medical Center We employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical framework The individual nutrition education and counseling program was scheduled with 4- half hour session sin 2 to 4 weeks intervals. Upon initiation of the program a trained dietitian surveyed HBM constructs and psychosocial factors. The following were included perceived susceptibility to cardiovascular disease(CVD) perceived severity to CVD percieved benefits to diet modification perceived barriers to persistence in maintaining therapy and self efficicacy and social support from family Sociodemographic data health factors stress level nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall behavior were also surveyed All these data was analyzed according to the number of nutrition sessions attended The subjects were 55.9$\pm$9.4 year old and 24.6$\pm$kg/㎡ Sociodemographic factors were not associated with the number of nutrition sessions attended HBM constructs and psychosocial factors were significantly associated with the number of nutrition sessions attended. According to Spearman correlation coefficients. From stepwis regression analyses using HBM constructs as independent variables perceive barriers to persistence in maintaining diet therapy (negative) proved to be the strongest predictors for the number of nutrition sessions attended (partial R$^2$= 72.3%) followed by perceived severity to CVD and self efficacy (model R$^2$=76.6% The findings indicate that HBM constructs and psychosocial factors were closely associated with patient attendance It suggests that information and guidance to minimize patients perceived barriers to diet therapy might help to improve patients to scheduled appointments in nutrition education programs.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.3-10
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• 1980

Pituitary gonadotropes, as target cells, exhibit cyclic changes in terms of LH and FSH release in synchrony with the estradiol levels. The ultimate release is determined by the relative size of the two pools of gonadotropins, which is regulated by the two controllers: LH-RH and estradiol. LH-RH appears to serve as a primary drive on the gonadotrope, stimulating gonadotropin synthesis, storage, and release. Estradiol amplifies the action of LH-RH and induces the development of a self-priming effect of LH-RH except that it impedes LH-RH mediated gonadotropin release. Negative and positive feedback action of estradiol is revealed to operate by different mechanisms. The pituitary capacity increases severalfold from early to late follicular phase, which is considered to be prerequisite for the development of mid-cycle surge. CNS-hypothalamic dopamine, norepinephrine, and prostaglandins, as well as LH-RH, are involved in the negative and positive feedback effects of estradiol. The possible mechanisms in the triggering of LH-RH release for the initiation of midcycle LH-RH surge are considered.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2016

Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at $45^{\circ}$ to fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1992

The only hardness of 2nd phase of martensite in dual phase steel which was composed of the martensite and ferrite was changed. Fatigue test was conducted by cantilever type of self-made rotated bending fatigue testing machine. The corrosion fatigue fracture behaviors of dual phase steel were investigated in 3% NaCl solution at $N_f$ = $1.5\times$$10^5$ $N_f$=1.0 $\times$ $10^6$ cycles. The fatigue strength was increased with increasing the hardness of 2nd phase. The size and number of corrsion pits were influenced by the 2nd phase hardness and pits remain constant in size just after they were transited into cracks. The life of crack initiation was effected by stress level. The shape of relation of $\Delta$K and da/dn has smaller scattering in it in 3% NaCl solution than that in air. The higher the 2nd phase hardness is, the higher the corrosion fatigue life becomes. Corrosion fatigue fracture behavior was effected by mechanics in case of $N_f$=1.5$\times$10$^5$$N_f$=1.5$\times$10$^6$ cycles.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.42-52
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• 1993

The corrosion fatigue fracture behaviour of dual phase steel was investigated in 3% NaCl solution at 302MPa and 137MPa. Fatigue test was conducted by cantilever type of self-made rotary bending fatigue testing machine. The fatigue strength increased with increasing the hardness of 2nd phase. Corrosion pit originated at the boundary of the 2nd phase. The size and number of corrosion pits were influenced by the 2nd phase hardness, and pits remained constant in size just after they were transited into cracks. The life of crack initiation was effected by stress level. The shape of relation of .DELTA. K and da/dN has smaller scattering in it in 3% NaCl solution than that in air. The higher the 2nd phase hardness is, the greater the corrosion fatigue life becomes. Corrosion fatigue fracture behaviour was primarily effected by mechanical factor in case of high stress(302MPa), but by electro-chemical reaction in a lower stress(137MPa). As stress level got lower and hardness of the 2nd phase got higher, the roughness of fracture surface increased.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.316-327
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• 2000

The Emergency Core Cooling System in current nuclear power plants typically has a considerable number of complex functions and largely cumbersome operator interfaces. Functions for initiation, switch-over between various phases of operation, interlocks, monitoring, and alarming are usually performed by relays and analog comparator logic which are difficult to maintain and test. To improve problems of an analog based ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) System, the trip computer for ECCS based on Dynamic Safety System (DSS) is implemented. The DSS is a computer based reactor protection system that has fail-safe nature and performs a dynamic self-testing. The most important feature of the DSS is the introduction of test signal that send the system into a tripped state. The test signals are interleaved with the plant signals to produce an output which switches between a tripped and health state. The dynamic operation is a key feature of the failsafe design of the system. In this work, a possible implementation of the DSS using PLC is presented for a CANDU Reactor. ECC System of the CANDU Reactor is selected as the reference system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.222-226
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• 2017

Recently sapphire wafer has expected as smart phone cover material, however, brittle nature of sapphire needed edge grinding processes to prevent early initiation of cracks. Electro-deposited multi-layered groove tools with $35{\mu}m$ diamond particles were studied for sapphire wafer grinding. Solid particle flow behaviors in agitated electrolyte was studied using PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry), and uniform particle distribution in Ni bond were obtained when agitating impeller was located lower part of electrolyte. Hardness values of $400{\pm}50Hv$ were maintained for retention of diamond particles in electro-deposited bond layer. Sapphire wafer edge grinding test was carried out and multi-layered $160{\mu}m$ thick diamond tool showed much greater grinding capabilities up to 2000 sapphire wafers than single-layered $50{\mu}m$ thick diamond electro-deposited tools of 420 wafers. The reason why 3 times thicker multi-layered tools than single-layered tools showed 5 times longer tool lives in grinding processes was attributed to self-dressed new diamond particles in multi-layered tools, and multi-layered diamond tools could be promising for sapphire grinding.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal and differentiation capacity. CSCs are currently postulated as the driving force that induces intra-tumor heterogeneity leading to tumor initiation, metastasis, and eventually tumor relapse. Notably, CSCs are inherently resistant to environmental stress, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy due to high levels of antioxidant systems and drug efflux transporters. In this context, a therapeutic strategy targeting the CSC-specific pathway holds a promising cure for cancer. NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; NFE2L2) is a master transcription factor that regulates an array of genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species/electrophiles. Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent NRF2 activation, observed in multiple types of cancer, supports tumor growth, aggressive malignancy, and therapy resistance. Herein, we describe the core properties of CSCs, focusing on treatment resistance, and review the evidence that demonstrates the roles of NRF2 signaling in conferring unique properties of CSCs and the associated signaling pathways.