• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is used extensively for the passive targeting of many macromolecular drugs for tumors. Indeed, the EPR concept has been a gold standard in polymeric anticancer drug delivery systems. This study investigated the tumoral distribution of self-assembled nanoparticles based on the EPR effect using fluorescein and radio-labeled nanoparticles. Self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared from amphiphilic chitosan derivatives, and their tissue distribution was examined in tumor-bearing mice. The size of the nanoparticles was controlled to be 330 run, which is a size suited for opening between the defective endothelial cells in tumors. The long-circulating polymer nanoparticles were allowed to gradually accumulate in the tumors for 11 days. The amount of nanoparticles accumulated in the tumors was remarkably augmented from 3.4%ID/g tissue at 1 day to 25.9%ID/g tissue at 11 days after i.v. administration. The self-assembled nanoparticles were sustained at a high level throughout the 14 day experimental period, indicating their long systemic retention in the blood circulation. The ${\gamma}$-images provided clear evidence of selective tumor localization of the $^{131}I$-labeled nanoparticles. Confocal microscopy revealed the fluorescein-labeled nanoparticles to be preferentially localized in the perivascular regions, suggesting their extravasation to the tumors through the hyperpermeable angiogenic tumor vasculature. This highly selective tumoral accumulation of nanoparticles was attributed to the leakiness of the blood vessels in the tumors and their long residence time in the blood circulation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to investigate the method for assesment and diagnosis of ADHD, especially focusing on behavior rating scales. Methods : We searched the recent date of the publication and paper in ADHD. Results : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method such as interview with parents, child and teacher, behavior observation, behavior rating scales and neuropsychological test are used. The structured interview consists of the restrictive questions and response, and then have diagnostic algorithm, consequently can be used by untrained clinicians. Of the structured interview, standardization of K-SADS in Korean version is finished. Behavior rating scales, the form of parent, teacher and self-report questionnaires, are used as diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Behavior rating scales consist of both ADHD-specific scales and broad-band scales designed to screen for various symptoms (including ADHD symptoms). ADHD-specific scales are useful in differential diagnosis, discrimination of subtype, treatment evaluation, However, broad-band scales are useful in preliminary examination. The neuropsychological tests can evaluate attention deficit and effect of attention deficit on cognitive function and academic performance. The neuropsychological tests also used in diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Conclusion : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method are used, especially behavior rating scales are both useful and simple tool for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.232-243
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• 2001

When people undergo stressful situations such as a cancer diagnosis, they ask, "why me\ulcorner" The causal attributions people make about cancer influence what kind of coping strategies are chosen. Weiner (1979) suggested three dimensions of causal attributions: focus of causality, stability, and controllability. The purpose of the present study was to test the relation between causal attributions and self-efficacy in patients with cancer. The subjects were 194 patients who had been diagnosed cancer one year ago and attended an outpatient clinic. 1. Each mean score of causal attribution dimensions (focus of control, stability, controllability) that each patient made about cancer was 2.47, 2.73, 2.86, 3.35, and 3.28. The mean score of self-efficacy was 71.03. 2. There was a significant negative correlation between self efficacy and controllability. Particularly, there was a significant negative relationship between self efficacy and external controllability. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the developing nursing interventions to change causal attribution and self-efficacy is necessary. A number of theoretical relationships and empirical finding are confirmed by this data, and future proposals in research is suggested.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 1997

School health aims to guide and manage growing students in order to grow healthily through the formation of healthy life habits, the self-control health management guide and the making of pleasant school health environments. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts, to draw common features, and develop a new approach for school health diagnosis through literature review. School health diagnosis is defined as the identification of actual and potential health problems in school health problems in population. It is a label that both describes a situation and implies an ethiology. Although it is widely acknowledeged that school health diagnosis is an essential precursor to school health nursing intervention, it still has ambiguous definition, unmeasurable goal. and a tenuous structure. In addition, the eclipse of school health diagnosis theory in the literature is so complete that some texts even exclude diagnosis as a stage of the nursing theory has not developed sufficiently to guide school nurses in the application of the nursing diagnosis with in the school. The Neuman's systems model provided the conceptual framework for this study and offered school health nursing the sort of clear structure that will assist them to clarify their work to nursing colleges and also to the client group with whom they will work. The Neuman model is fully congruent with today's health care philosophy by taking a wellness-orientaed approach, involving clients III their health care with prevention as intervention.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.233-238
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• 1993

In this paper, two diagnosis algorithms using the simple fuzzy, cognitive map (FCM) that is an useful qualitative model are proposed. The first basic algorithm is considered as a simple transition of Shiozaki's signed directed graph approach to FCM framework. And the second one is an extended version of the basic algorithm. In the extension, three important concepts, modified temporal associative memory (TAM) recall, temporal pattern matching algorithm and hierarchical decomposition are adopted. As the resultant diagnosis scheme takes short computation time, it can be used for on-line fault diagnosis of large scale and complex processes that conventional diagnosis methods cannot be applied. The diagnosis system can be trained by the basic algorithm and generates FCM model for every experienced process fault. In on-line application, the self-generated fault model FCM generates predicted pattern sequences, which are compared with observed pattern sequences to declare the origin of fault. In practical case, observed pattern sequences depend on transport time. So if predicted pattern sequences are different from observed ones, the time weighted FCM with transport delay can be used to generate predicted ones. The fault diagnosis procedure can be completed during the actual propagation since pattern sequences of tvo different faults do not coincide in general.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2008

This study aims at finding out the correlation between sasang constitution diagnosis using QSCCII which is self reporting questionnaire and sasang constitution diagnosis using iridology. In this study, 131 adult male and female participated as testees. The survey on questionnaires of QSCCII were carried out and then photos of irises of the participants were taken. The data from QSCCII was computed in WIN QSCCII version and they were translated into sasang constitution. For iris photos, the iris specialized camera with 1,300,000 picture elements was used, and then the iris photos were also read by computer. The correlation rate between QSCCII sasang constitution and iris sasang constitution was 52.4%, where kappa coefficient shows 0.323, which gives meaningful result statistically. And thus, the result can be used as a reference in sasang constitution diagnosis. For iridology to be served as a tool for sasang constitution diagnosis, criteria need to be developed for more concrete iris sasang constitution diagnosis in the future. And also comparative research is required among sasang constitution professionals and its iridological correlation of Sasang constitution carried out on more various group of people.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3281-3288
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite being associated with high morbidity and mortality, breast cancer is a disease that can be diagnosed and treated early. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 321 women, data were collected by Questionnaire, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chisquared tests and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Results: It was found that only 2.2% of women have high and very high risk levels of breast cancer risk. There is a positive correlation between early diagnosis techniques and Health Belief Model Sub-Dimension scores which are sensibility, health motivation, BSE (Breast self-examination) self-efficient perception and negative correlation between mammography barrier score and BSE barrier score (p 0.05). When factors for not having BSE were examined, it was determined that the women who do not have information about breast cancer and the women who smoke have a higher risk of not having BSE. Conclusions: It is important to determine health beliefs and breast cancer risk levels of women to increase the frequency of early diagnosis. Women's health beliefs are thought to be a good guide for planning health education programs for nurses working in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

This review aimed to assist clinicians in the identification and assessment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with an emphasis on diagnostic and rating instruments. Pubmed and RISS were utilized to identify relevant studies and critical reviews on the diagnosis and assessment of adult ADHD, published between 1988 and 2010. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-v1.1, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Current Symptoms Scale have been utilized for self-reporting of current ADHD symptoms. The Brown ADD Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Current Symptoms Scale, and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale have also been evaluated by an observer. The Childhood Symptom Scale and the Wender-Utah Rating Scale have been used for retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptoms and the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale, the Adult Interview, the Brown ADD Diagnostic Form, the Conners adult ADHD diagnostic interview for DSM-IV, and the Wender-Reimherr Interview have been available as comprehensive diagnostic interviews. There is a wide variety of instruments available with respect to adult ADHD. The choice of appropriate instruments is essential for achieving accurate diagnosis and assessment of this disorder.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Purpose: Ménétrier disease (MD) was first described in 1888, and 50 cases have been reported until now. We aimed to discuss the etiology, diagnostics, and management of MD in children. Methods: We searched for case reports published from 2014 till 2019 in English using PubMed. Articles were selected using subject headings and key words of interest to the topic. Interesting references of the included articles were also included. Results: The pathophysiology of MD is still uncertain. However, overexpression of transforming growth factor alpha with transformation of the gastric mucosa has been observed, which may be mediated by genetics and provoked by an infectious trigger. Clinically, MD is diagnosed by abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and edema secondary to hypoalbuminemia. A gastroscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of MD. In children, the disease is self-limiting and only requires supportive treatment. In general, children have a good prognosis and recover spontaneously within a few weeks. Conclusion: Few pediatric cases of MD have been described in recent years, and with all different etiology. Endoscopy with biopsy remains the golden standard for the diagnosis of MD, and in children, the disease is self-limiting.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.2079-2086
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• 2011

Recently, technology of self diagnosis system which one of health-care has been research very active. With this, In this paper, we have to implement the self-blood sugar measurement system that is interlock with PC, RFID, and Bio-Signal glucose tester and accessible user interface. Therefore the equipments can performs accessible interface composition for communication between devices and PC, analysis and test of communication status of the RFID tag and reader that it easy to obtain the data of self-diagnosis linkage with PC, RFID, and Bio-Signal glucose tester. In other words, as result of communication protocol experiment with self-blood sugar measurement data, it has been showed to display a high-reliability result through year, month, and day, body temperature, and levels and check point of blood glucose.