• 제목/요약/키워드: Self-Expression

검색결과 1,014건 처리시간 0.03초

Syphacia obvelata: A New Hope to Induction of Intestinal Immunological Tolerance in C57BL/6 Mice

  • Taghipour, Niloofar;Mosaffa, Nariman;Rostami-Nejad, Mohammad;Homayoni, Mohamad Mohsen;Mortaz, Esmaeil;Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh;Zali, Mohammad Reza
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.439-444
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    • 2017
  • The ability of nematodes to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 and T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have proposed a useful effect of helminth infections on improvement of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata infection to induce intestinal tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were infected through the cagemates with self-infected BALB/c mice. Four weeks post-infection, expression levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-17, and IL-10 were assessed in the supernatant of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) culture. $Foxp3^+Treg$ were measured in MLN cells by flow cytometry. In the S. obvelata-infected group, the percentage of Tregs ($5.2{\pm}0.4$) was significantly higher than the control ($3.6{\pm}0.5$) (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 ($55.3{\pm}2.2$ vs $35.2{\pm}3.2$), IL-17 ($52.9{\pm}3.8$ vs $41{\pm}1.8$), $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($44.8{\pm}4.8$ vs $22.3{\pm}2.3$) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ ($71.1{\pm}5.8$ vs $60.1{\pm}3.3$) were significantly increased in infected mice compared to the control group (P<0.05). The above results showed the potential effects of S. obvelata to induce intestinal tolerance. Therefore, it seems that S. obvelata may increase the immunological suppressive function in the intestinal tract.

집단사회성놀이가 자폐청소년의 사회성에 미치는 효과 (The effect of group sociality play in sociality of autistic adolescent)

  • 우희순;원성윤
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.98-105
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    • 2016
  • 집단사회성놀이는 놀이를 통한 사회성 증진을 목적으로, 그룹활동을 통하여 일상생활에서 필요로 하는 목적 있는 활동, 인지, 신체움직임 등 여러 요소들을 잘 조합하여 자유롭게 자아를 표현시키는 치료적 방법이다. 이를 타인과의 의사소통 능력이 저하된 자폐청소년들에게 적용하여 궁극적으로 자폐청소년들의 대인관계 개선과 사회성을 증진을 유도함으로써 그 효과를 검증하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 대전 소재 주간보호센터를 이용하는 사회성에 결함을 가지고 있는 8명의 자폐청소년을 대상으로 단일군 전후실험설계를 적용하였다. 집단사회성놀이 프로그램은 2013년 10월부터 12월까지 주 2회씩 7주간(총 14회기), 한 회기 당 60분씩 시행하였고 중재 전후의 사회성을 Wilcoxon 순위검정을 실시하여 비교분석 하였다. 연구결과 이화-자폐 아동 행동 발달 평가(E-CLAC)와 사회성숙도 검사의 점수의 총점이 $39.88{\pm}6.78$에서 $47.00{\pm}4.28$, $49.96{\pm}28.00$에서 $61.36{\pm}21.75$로 각각 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 있었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 세부적으로는 집단에서의 적응, 지시 따르기, 행동 빈도 증진 등의 하위항목에서 유의한 변화가 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 집단사회성놀이에 포함된 집단활동 요소와 대상자들의 발달을 고려한 놀이 활동 요소가 복합적으로 작용하여 자폐청소년의 사회성 증진 효과에 효과적으로 나타났음을 확인할 수 있었다.

연안목적용 저출력 어군탐지기 음향계의 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on Development of the Low Electrical Power Echo Sounder System for Coastal Use)

  • 박주삼
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2009
  • 연안에서 목적으로 하는 어업에 적합하도록 소형 어군탐지기를 효율적으로 설계하고 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대해 검토하기 위하여 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 어군탐지기의 특성과 탐지범위 등에 대해 조사하였다. 먼저 일반적인 어군탐지기의 빔폭은 주파수와 송신전력이 상승함에 따라 좁아지고 송수파기의 직경은 송신전력이 증가함에 커지는 경향을 보였다. 이 특성을 이용하여 상업적으로 사용되는 일반적인 어군탐지기의 신호대 잡음비를 유도하였다. 탐지거리와 탐지폭으로 구성되는 탐지범위는 이 신호대 잡음비(SN비)로부터 얻을 수 있다. 탐지거리는 주파수의 증가와 함께 증가하였지만 고주파에서는 흡수계수의 영향으로 원거리 탐지가 어려워진다. 즉 송수파기 직경, 송신전력의 증가에 따른 효과는 저주파에서는 크고, 고주파에서는 적은 경향을 보인다. 탐지범위 등을 종합적으로 응용하여 휴대용 어군탐지기의 설계 범용도를 작성하였다. 범용도에는 SN비를 송수파기의 직경, 빔폭, 탐지거리를 변수로하여 주파수에 대해 표시하였다. 범용도에서 SN비가 높고 실용성이 높은 적절한 설계영역을 표시하였다. 설계영역에서 설계점을 정하면 전체적으로 적절한 설계를 할 수 있다. 설계범용도는 어군탐지기의 성능평가에도 응용할 수 있다.

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뇌졸중환자의 희망 (The Hope of the Stroke Patients)

  • 김이순
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.212-227
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    • 1997
  • Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder, and stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness. sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The subjects of the study were seven citizens who live in Pusan, are over 50 years old and belong to low income-level. The data were collected from Jan. to Sep. 1995. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the hope experience with the subject's language(underlining), and the focal meanings are identified. The focal meaning is the crystalization of the theme, which is written in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make the situated structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the hope experienced phenomena and the flowing of the conciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows : The ten sources of hope which the subjects experienced were sorted as under 〈mutual relations to others : spouse, children, relatives, fellow believer. health professioner. associate patient group〉, 〈spiritual dependence〉. 〈recovery of physical function〉. 〈rumination of the past life〉, 〈expectation of the future〉. 〈economic power〉, 〈belief〉, 〈ability〉. 〈spontaneous participation〉 and 〈recovery of roles〉. Their hope was spoken out by the following two kinds of linguistics. First. the hope was expressed in the affirmative expression as follows : 〈 to be dependable〉, 〈to make efforts〉, 〈to keep under control〉, 〈to desire〉, 〈to be pleasant〉, 〈to be peaceful〉, 〈to be grateful〉, 〈to give help〉, 〈self-confidence. Courage〉, 〈to be happy〉, 〈to satisfy oneself〉, 〈to share with others〉, 〈to understand〉 and 〈to be affected, be impressed〉 Second, the hope was expressed in the negative on pression as under : 〈to be distressed〉, 〈to be uneasy〉, 〈to be sorry, be unsatisfied〉 〈despair〉, 〈to abandon〉, 〈to be fearful〉, 〈to suffer〉, 〈to bear a burden〉 〈to be confused〉, 〈to be solitary〉, 〈chest trouble〉, 〈to feel heavy〉 〈grief〉, 〈to be daunted〉, 〈to get angry〉, 〈to be uncomfortable〉, 〈to have something regretable〉 and 〈to feel guilty〉. And their hope was expressed by the following four behavioral expressions : 〈physical sphere〉, 〈psychological sphere〉, 〈social support sphere〉 and 〈spiritual sphere〉. The reaction patterns of their hope experience appeared in the following 4 coping method : 〈conquest type〉, 〈dependence type〉, 〈adaptation type〉 and 〈fate type〉. Finally, in the hope structure the sense of certainty don't always coexict with the sense of uncertainty, When the stroke patients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the hope structure.

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희렴의 Nitric Oxide 유리를 통한 평활근세포에서의 Apoptosis유도 (Production of Nitric Oxide by Siegesbeckia Glabrescens is Associated with Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell)

  • 전수영;신동훈;손창우;신흥묵
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.1055-1060
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    • 2004
  • Apoptosis is the ability of cells to self-destruct by the activation of an intrinsic cellular suicide program when the cells are no longer needed or when they are seriously damaged. Morphologically, apoptosis is characterized by the appearance of membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA cleavage, and the fragmentation of the cell membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino (Siegesbeckiae Herba, SG) has been widely used as treatments for arthritis, and fever, as well as detoxification properties. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate if SG has an anti-apoptotic property. Cell viability was measured by XTT and tryphan blue stain. Morphological characteristic of human aortic smooth muscle cells(HASMC) were visualized with a phase-contrast microscope. SG significantly reduced HASMC, but not human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC), viability in a dose-dependent manner. Confluent untreated cells at 24hrs showed normal morphology, flat with a uniform polygonal shape. SG-treated cells (0.5㎎/㎖) at 24hrs showed apoptotic morphology. Cells became irregular with elongated lamellipodia, and exhibited condensed chromatin in nuclei with occasional endoucleation. There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells rounding-up and being detached from the substrate. TUNEL staining of SG-treated cells showed dark-brown stains in nuclei and cytosol. Caspases are central components of the machinery responsible for apoptosis and are generally divided into two categories; the initiator caspases, which include caspases-2,-8,-9, and -10, and the effector caspases, which include caspases-3,-6, and -7. SG decreased anti-caspase-3 protein expression, which means activation of caspases-3 activity. It has been reported that there is a link between NO formation and apoptosis. NO production was accelerated by SG treatment in HASMC. L-NNA, NOS inhibitor, inhibited SG-induced apoptosis. These results, therefore, indicated that both caspases-3 and NO production are involved in apoptosis in smooth muscle cells. According to these results, SG may have a potential effect in the treatment of hypertensive atherosclerosis.

지방자치 활성화를 위한 자치경찰제 도입 방안에 관한 연구 - 제주자치경찰제 사례를 중심으로 - (A Study on Introduce Measures for Local Government Activation Local & Municipal Police - Focus on Jeju Local & Municipal Police Case -)

  • 유상용
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제41호
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    • pp.327-356
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    • 2014
  • 지방자치의 궁극적인 목적은 지역사회의 주인인 주민의 복리증진이다. 주민의 복리증진은 주민의 생명과 재산의 보호로부터 시작된다. 이러한 보호활동의 대부분은 경찰의 기능이다. 따라서 주민의 복리증진을 위해서는 지역의 자율성을 바탕으로 하는 자치경찰이 개념적으로 전제가 되어야 한다. 지역사회에 뿌리를 두고 지역사회를 위하여 활동하는 자치경찰활동은 경찰과 지역사회를 재결합시켜주는 것이며, 지역의 문제해결을 중심으로 이루어지는 자치경찰활동은 범죄와 무질서, 범죄에 대한 두려움을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 지역주민을 동반자로 인식하며 지역사회의 전반적인 삶의 질을 개선시키기 위한 지역주민 자체의 노력의 표현이다. 자치경찰이 전면적으로 도입될 경우 정부와 지방자치단체에서는 그동안 준비해 온 여러가지 대안들을 면밀히 검토 분석하여 최적의 대안을 마련하여 시행착오를 줄이는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 최우선적으로는 자치경찰을 도입하려는 이유가 무엇인지 정확하게 파악해야 한다. 즉, 자치경찰의 도입은 중앙정부와 지방정부, 국가경찰과 자치경찰, 여당과 야당, 광역자치단체와 기초자치단체 간의 보이지 않는 주도권 다툼이 아니라 지방자치시대를 맞아 진정으로 지역주민들의 '안전'과 '삶의 질 향상'에 있음을 직시해야 한다.

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플라보노이드 처리된 체세포 핵이식 배아의 체외 발달 및 제주흑우 복제 소 생산 (In Vitro Development of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryo Treated with Flavonoid and Production of Cloned Jeju Black Cattle)

  • 김은영;김연옥;김재연;박민지;박효영;한영준;문성호;오창언;김영훈;이성수;고문석;박세필
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2010
  • This study was to investigate the effect of flavonoid treatment on in vitro development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, and their pregnancy and delivery rate after embryo transfer into recipient. In experiment 1, to optimize the flavonoid concentration, parthenogenetic day 2 ($\geq$ 2-cell) embryos were cultured in 0 (control), 1, 10 and $20\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid for 6 days. In the results, in vitro development rate was the highest in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group (57.1%) among treatment groups (control, 49.5%; $1\;{\mu}M$, 54.2%; $20\;{\mu}M$, 37.5%), and numbers of total and ICM cells were significantly (p<0.05) higher in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group than other groups. We found that $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment can significantly (p<0.05) decrease the apoptotic index and derive high expression of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, cell growth and development marker genes such as Mn-SOD, Survivin, Bax inhibitor, Glut-5, In-tau, compared to control group. In experiment 2, to produce the cloned Jeju Black Cattle, beef quality index grade 1 bull somatic cells were transferred into enucleated bovine MII oocytes and reconstructed embryos were cultured in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid added medium. When the in vitro produced day 7 or 8 SCNT blastocysts were transferred into a number of recipients, $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment group presented higher pregnancy rate (10.2%, 6/59) than control group (5.9%, 2/34). Total three cloned Jeju Black calves were born. Also, two cloned calves in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group were born and both were all healthy at present, while the one cloned calf born in control group was dead one month after birth. In addition, when the result of short tandem repeat marker analysis of each cloned calf was investigated, microsatellite loci of 11 numbers matched genotype between donor cell and cloned calf tissue. These results demonstrated that the flavonoid addition in culture medium may have beneficial effects on in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and pregnancy rate.

통계적 분석을 통한 우울증 변증도구와 심리검사의 상관성 연구 (Correlation between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological Tests by Statistical Analysis)

  • 김환;이헌수;이은정;박준호;강위창;정인철
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.131-146
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: This study was performed to determine the correlation between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression analysis.Methods: Two assessors carried out the evaluation using the instrument on pattern identification for depression. They also performed the following psychological tests: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI_Total), Self-disclosure Inventory, subjective well-being Inventory, Health perception Inventory, and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). A total of 167 participants who got HAM-D score over 12 were targeted for the evaluation. Our research team carried out Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and regression analysis between pattern identification for depression and Psychological tests. We listed the results by descending order and interpreted the results.Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed the following results: 1) Stagnation of Liver Gi was associated with BDI (0.60) and STAI (0.55); 2) Dual Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen was associated with BDI (0.60), ISI_Total (0.52), and STAI (0.42); 3) Relieving stagnation of Phlegm-Gi was associated with BDI (0.65), STAI (0.54), and Subjective well-being inventory (−0.52); 4) Gi-deficiency Mingled with sputum was associated with BDI (0.50), ISI_Total (0.40), and STAI (0.395); 5) Stagnant Gi transforming into fire was associated with BDI (0.56), STAI_TR (0.51), and Health perception Inventory (−0.458); 6) Yin-Deficiency with Effulgent Fire was associated with BDI (0.55), ISI_total (0.54), and STAI (0.41).Conclusions: Through correlation analysis between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests, we could suggest a System for Oriental Medical Diagnosis for Depression.

박테리아의 Quorum Sensing 및 생물막 형성 억제를 위한 Quorum Quenching 연구 동향 (Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching for the Inhibition of Biofilm Formation)

  • 이정기
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2012
  • 본 총설은 N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)에 기반한 quorum sensing(QS)을 비롯한 다양한 QS 시스템 및 생물막 형성과의 관련성에 대한 연구 동향을 정리하였다. 또한 anti-QS으로서 quorum quenching 전략을 이용한 생물막 억제 연구 동향에 대해 중점적으로 서술하였다. 세균의 독특한 신호전달 체계인 QS는 AHL과 같은 특정한 신호분자의 농도에 의해 세균의 집단적 행동 양식이 결정되는 세포밀도-의존성 유전자 발현 조절 메커니즘이다. QS 시스템은 미생물의 부착 및 생물막 형성에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. AI-1이나 AI-2에 의한 QS는 생물막 형성 과정에 필요한 세포외 다당류, 단백질, 세포 외 DNA 등 주요한 구성 성분 등의 생산뿐만 아니라, 세균의 운동성 조절, 부착, 생물막 해체 과정까지도 조절하는 기능을 한다. 일부 세균의 경우 QS시스템 이외에도 second messenger로 알려진 c-di-GMP에 의한 signaling이 QS와 서로 연결되어 생물막 형성이나 병독성과 같은 타깃들을 함께 조절한다. 생물막은 병원성 세균에 의한 감염 시 여러 가지 병독성 가운데 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나이기 때문에, 생물막 형성을 조절하는 QS를 차단하기 위한 다양한 anti-quorum sensing 전략이 연구되고 있다. Anti-QS 접근 방식은 의학적 이용뿐만 아니라 물에 노출되어있는 MBR을 비롯한 많은 산업적 장치 등에서 생물막 형성으로 인한 손상 및 오염을 방지하기 위해 쓰일 수 있다. Anti-QS 전략 중 신호분자인 AHL을 무력화 시키는 quorum quenching 효소(AHL-lactonase, AHL-acylase, oxidoreductas)를 이용하여 생물막 형성을 억제할 수 있으며, 막을 이용한 수처리 공정에서 막에 발생하는 biofouling을 완화시킬 수 있는 새로운 anti-fouling 처리 기술로서 이러한 QQ 효소의적용 가능성을 보여 주고 있다.

문화혁명기 이후의 중국의 사회주의 팝아트 (Socialist Pop After Cultural Revolution)

  • 박세연
    • 미술이론과 현장
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    • 제6호
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    • pp.27-50
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    • 2008
  • This thesis examines contemporary Chinese painting after the Cultural Revolution(1966~76), focusing upon so-called "Chinese Pop art", which I termed as "Socialist Pop art". I considered the art of this period within the broader context of social changes especially after the Tienanmen incident of 1989. After the Cultural Revolution during which idolization of Chairman Mao was at its peak, one of the major changes in communist China was that an anti-Mao wave was generated in almost every social class. For example, novels that revealed the hardships during the Cultural Revolution were published. Posters that openly criticized the Maoism were also produced and displayed on the walls, and demand for democracy spurred widespread activist movements among young generations. These broad social changes were also reflected in art. A variety of art movements were introduced from the West to China, and after a period of experimentation with the new imported styles, artists began to apply the new artistic idiom to their works in order to visualize their own social and political realities they lived in. It was a shift from earlier Socialist Realism to a new expression either directly or indirectly, "Socialist Pop", an amalgam of Socialist Realism and Pop art tradition. After the 1989 crackdown of Tienanmen Square protest, when communist government quelled with brutal measures the students, workers, and ordinary people who rose for democracy, greater urge to protest the Deng Xiaoping regime emerged. This time coincided with the gradual emergence of art using Pop art vocabulary to satirize the social reality, the Socialist Pop art, along with many other art forms all with avant-garde spirit. One of the most frequent subjects of Chinese Pop art was visual images of Chairman Mao and his Cultural Revolution, and new China that was saturated with capitalism, which tainted the Chinese way of life with a Western way of consumerism and commercialism. The reason for the popularity of Mao's image was spurred by the "Mao Craze" in the early 1990's. People suddenly began to fall in a kind of nostalgia for the past, and once again, Mao Zedong was idolized as an entity who can heal the problems of modern China who had been marching towards their ultimate destination, the economic development. But this time Chairman Mao was no more an idol but just a popular, commercial product. He is no more an object of worship of almost religious nature but he has become an iconography symbolizing the complex nature of present Chinese society. During this process of depicting the social reality, Chinese artists are making the authority and sanctity of Maoism ineffective. Dealing with this new trend of contemporary Chinese art in view of "Socialist Pop art" two manners of re-creating Pop art can be illustrated: one that incorporates the propaganda posters of the Cultural Revolution; the other borrows from Chinese traditional popular imagery or mass media, such as photos taken during Mao era. What is worth mentioning is that these posters and photos of the Cultural Revolution can be identified as 'popular' media, as they were directed to educate the popular mass, thus combination of this ingenuous pop media with Western Pop art can be fully justified as a genre unique to China. Through this genre, we can discover a new chapter of the Chinese contemporary painting and its society, as their Pop art can be considered as self-portraits true to their present appearances.

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