• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.917-929
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore types of postpartum depression and to understand the nature and structure of the postpartum depression by using Q-methodological approach. As a way of research, 55 statements concerning postpartum depression were selected through individual interviews with postpartum mothers and literature review. 30 women were chosen as a subject group for the study, with opinions shown in 55 statements divided into 9 scales by forced distribution. PC QUANL Program was used for analysis and Q-factors were analyzed by using principal component analysis. As a result, postpartum depression experience was classified into 5 types. There are "Role-Strain Type", "Unattributional Depression Type", "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type", "Self-Compassion Type", and "Role-Crisis Type". Type I was named "Role-Strain Type", referring to the strain generally experienced by mothers with regard to the new role as a mother and as a social member. Type II was named "Unattributional Depression Type", referring to the symptom experienced by people who were in a state of vanity and a sense of loss. They often break into tears for no specific reasons. In case of Type III, people in a state of "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type" develop physical symptoms after suffering from inherent emotional conflict. Type IV was named "Self-Compassion Type" refers to the symptom shown by those who feel pity for their children and for themselves. And they show inability to cope with the reality properly. Type V was named "Role -Crisis Type", which is experienced by people who have a burden and a severe fear of their own job and their children in their mind, also showing serious conflict with maternal role. Futhermore, it was carried out to examine structure of postpartum depression in terms of degree of depression and adjustment ability. Type I showed mild degree of depression and relatively good adjustment ability. Type II showed broad range of degree in depression and moderate adjustment ability. Type III showed moderate depression and relatively low adjustment ability. Type IV revealed relatively serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. Type V revealed very serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. As a result, considering the structure of postpartum depression. Type I is considered to be a normal depression sympton which most mothers generally experience, followed by Type II, Type III, Type IV and Type V, each of which show increasingly worse degree of depression and lower adjustment ability. In conclusion, it seems to be it is necessary to understand distinct symptoms of postpartum depression and to examine the characteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.cteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2021

본 연구 결과 치매 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인은 우울이었고 우울을 예방하고 감소시키는 보건기관의 정서적 지지 강화 프로그램을 통하여 삶의 질을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 치매 파트너인 돌봄 제공자의 자기자비는 치매 노인의 우울과 상관성을 보여, 주민 지지자원의 역할개발을 위해 돌봄 제공자인 치매 파트너의 자기 자비 증진을 위한 프로그램개발 관련 후속 연구가 필요하다. '지역사회에서 나이 들어가기'를 원하는 재가 치매 노인을 위하여 사회적 지지 자원 개입을 통한 치매 파트너 사업에 대한 보건기관의 적극적인 지지와 지속적인 관리가 필요하며 지역 특성에 기초한 정부의 적극적인 정책 수립을 통하여 지역사회 건강 수준을 향상 시키고 건강 형평성 차원의 서비스 제공을 위한 체계적이고 질 높은 틀을 갖춰 나가는 것이 중요할 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 본 연구는 일개 농촌지역 치매 노인과 치매 파트너를 대상으로 이루어진 소규모 연구로 일반화하기에 다소 한계가 있으므로 대상자를 확대한 반복 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 현재 지역사회 보건사업의 치매 노인을 위한 활동으로 정서적 지지를 포함하는 통합적 중재 활동 프로그램 운영을 제언한다. 셋째, 농촌지역 주민을 통한 돌봄 제공자의 농번기 활동에 대한 부담감을 해소하기 위한 방안을 세울 것을 제언한다.

• 영미문화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-57
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• 2013

Patricia Waugh once regarded modernism fiction as 'the struggle for personal autonomy' against the opposition existing social institutions and conventions. Michael Cunningham's characterizations of Virginia Woolf and Septimus in The Hours show the two contrasting reactions to individual alienation and mental dissolution in the modern era. As the personifications of endurance and self-destruction against the mechanical power of contemporary world, Woolf and Septimus consist of just the world of diptych where the woman's role is confined to the angel in the house. By creating Mrs. Brown based upon his own alienated mother image, however, Cunningham succeeds in representing the more dramatically vivid world of triptych where woman can have her own room and self-realization despite still facing the dilemma of the traditional family. Accepting Joycean Bloom's optimistic and relaxing way of life in part, Mrs. Brown connects the labyrinths between the author's (and also Richard's) alienation with the theme of celebration of the life. Clarissa in postmodern New York setting is still a concealed and mystified character. Similar to Mrs. Dalloway, on the one hand Clarissa watches other people's tragedy with compassion. Cunningham's Clarissa, on the other hand, is no longer seeking for either winning or defeat in the spectacular world unlike her predecessors. In many resilient attitudes of everyday life Clarissa is closest to Mrs. Brown whom Virginia Woolf originally hopes to describe. Without any fear or rage toward the society Clarissa witnesses and achieves "the humanity, humour, depth" of female values by successfully turning the trivial life into an epic journey.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

This study, aimed to categorize pattern of impatient's families in the ICU and to provide useful data for development of family-supportive program was conducted from June, 12 to Aug., 28, using Q-method. After reviewing the literature the researcher proceeded to interview 4 impatient's families in the ICU, developed the statement from consisting of 38 items, and then 30 impatient's families in the ICU were sampled. The collected data were coded after having been scaled from 1 to 9 points, and analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Three types were identified; The first type focused on self-regret about the impatient, the second type of families had some concerns for their health, and the third type was thinking of preparing for their future-lives, such as insurance and savings. It was common to feel powerlessness, regret, compassion, grief and anxiety in all types. They wanted to be given some information, the prognosis of patient and the way to overcome. The study will offer better understanding for family-centered approach and be useful for the system of orientation about impatients and their families.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2024

본 연구는 간호학과 신입생을 대상으로 불안정 성인애착과 자기자비, 정서인식명확성이 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구다. 본 연구는 G도 소재의 J시 1개 대학의 간호학과 신입생을 대상으로 2023년 3월 27일부터 4월 7일까지 자료를 수집하였으며, 총 204부를 최종 분석하였다. IBM SPSS/25을 사용하여 기술통계 t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 대인관계능력은 불안정 성인애착과 부적 상관관계가 있었으며(r=-.19, p=.005), 자기자비(r=.38, p<.001), 정서인식명확성(r=.28, p<.001)와 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 대상자의 대인관계능력에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 위계적 다중회귀로 분석한 결과 자기자비가 대인관계능력을 가장 잘 예측하는 요인이었고, 그 다음 외향적성격, 혼합적 성격, 정서인식명확성 순이었다. 자기자비와 정서인식명확성이 높을수록 대인관계능력에 영향을 미쳤으며, 설명력은 24.5%이었다. 간호대학생의 대인관계능력은 반드시 필요한 자질 중 하나이므로 대인관계능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 방안들이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2010

It is the most important thing at present for physicians to posses the qualification of medical professionalism. A lot of medical schools have made all-out efforts to develop leaders of medicine, who will be able to meet the needs of medical professionalism in this complex medical environment. The purpose of this study is to review the cognitive base of medical professionalism leading the curriculum development of medical professionalism. The discussion of medical professionalism started in the 20th century. During the 1960s, there were attempts to reshape the concepts and attributes of medical professionalism. The government began to intervene in the autonomy of physician and the self regulation policy of medical society in 1970s. Physician may be asked to play as a healer and professional (what?) during their medical practice. The fundamental role of healer such as care, compassion, honesty, integrity, confidentiality, ethical behaviors, and respect with patients were nothing fresh to tell even though the age was changed. The attributes of professional which are physician's autonomy, self regulation, teamwork, and responsibility to society has been changed dramatically over the past five decades. In general, medical educators agreed that professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills, and ethical and legal understanding, upon which is built application of the principles of professionalism: excellence, accountability, altruism, and humanism. If physicians fail to show professionalism in society, they will confront the crisis which can be under the government control. The only way to keep their autonomy is to practice medical professionalism. So far today, medical schools have laid more stress on competence than value standards in educational systems and it was restricted for medical students to learn the value standards for medical practice. To understand and practice the medical professionalism, it is the most realistic way to solve the complicated medical problems.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

Carlos Jimenez's 'House and Studio' was self-designed to fully function as both a home and workplace. Since its establishment in 1983, the installation has been continuously updated for almost 30 years solely under the guidance of the owner's life occurrences and routine needs. The additions and alterations succeeding the building's erection were executed to incorporate small yet symbolic fragments of the resident's memories and life episodes. The particularity of the 'House and Studio' can be compared with other residential remodeling and expansion projects in regards to certain key aspects. These means of comparison include, but are not limited to, building strictly under the direction of a master plan of development vs. allowing natural adaptations that comply with the resident's needs, rapid development vs. gradual advancement, the ornamenting by exposing showy features vs. the enhancing by addition of modest natural components, sustainability vs. sustenance, systematic room divisions vs. ambiguous spatial organization, possession as a materialized asset vs. preservation as a recollection of memories, and finally the recognition as one example of signature architecture vs. the witnessing of a maturing animated shelter. The given propositions can be further explained with the comprehension of Erich Fromm's theory of the 'Having' mode and 'Being' mode, two mechanisms that categorize the essence of human life. The 'Having' mode is described by the human greed for wealth, power, and influence, whereas the 'Being' mode is comprised of compassion, joy, and productivity. Fromm's thesis applies to the general sense of human life, but the ideas can be narrowed to accommodate the architectural standpoint. In architecture, the 'Having' mode can be translated to be the conspicuous form-oriented and self-contained object. The 'Being' mode, on the other hand, is transposed as the more natural form, incorporating the needs of the owner before commercialization. The growth of Jimenez's 'House and Studio' can be perceived as an architectural suggestion to the overcoming of human indifference caused by fixation on the 'Having' mode.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 요양보호사의 감정노동, 직무관련 삶의 질, 서비스 질의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 전국의 장기요양시설에 근무하는 요양보호사 211명이며, 자기기입식 설문지를 활용하여 조사 하였다. 연구모형은 감정노동(표면행위, 내면행위)을 독립변수, 직무관련 삶의 질(공감만족, 공감피로)을 매개변수, 서비스 질을 종속변수로 구성하여 검증하였다. 모형의 적합성과 서비스 질에 영향을 미치는 각 요인의 직접효과, 간접효과를 검증한 결과 모형의 적합도는 적합한 수준이었으며, 감정노동 표면행위와 내면행위에서 서비스 질로 향하는 직접효과는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 직무관련 삶의 질을 매개하여 서비스 질에 영향을 미치는 총 효과는 통계적으로 유의미하였으며, 내면행위와 서비스질의 관계에서는 정적 상관관계, 표면행위와 서비스질의 관계는 부적 상관관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 서비스 질에 영향력이 가장 큰 변인은 직무관련 삶의 질(공감만족)이었다. 이 연구 결과를 토대로 요양보호사의 감정노동과 삶의 질에 대한 임상적, 학문적 관심을 환기시킬 필요성을 제안하였다.

• 심성연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-54
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• 2021

바리공주는 부모인 왕과 왕비의 일곱 번째 딸로 태어나자마자 버림을 받지만, 병든 아버지를 살리기 위한 약을 얻기 위해 홀로 저승에 간다. 그리고 험난한 시련을 통하여 재생의 불사약을 가져와 죽은 부모를 살리고 신격을 획득함으로써 만신의 왕이 되는 무속신화이다. 무당의 조상인 바리공주의 삶에는 시련과 고통을 견디며 죽고, 새롭게 탄생해야 하는 무당의 필수적인 입무과정이 내포되어 있다. 바리공주가 신성을 획득하여 무조의 신이 되는 그 이야기속에서, 집단적 무의식의 원형, 원초적 상인 신화소를 발견할 수 있다. 분석심리학적 관점에서 본다면 고통, 죽음, 재생의 과정을 거치고 만신의 왕이 된 바리공주는 영웅신화에서 볼 수 있는 개성화 과정의 일단을 나타내고 있는 것으로 보인다. 바리공주는 부모의 병을 그냥 고치는 것이 아니라 죽음에서 살아나게 하였다. 죽은 부모를 살아나게 하는 생명의 약을 구할 수 있었던 것은 바리공주가 일상의 하찮은 일을 반복적으로 하며 견딘 자기희생적인 부모에 대한 사랑과 자비이다. 바리공주는 자아의 입장보다 넓은 자기(Self)에 입각해서 세상을 바라보고 행동하였다. 저승에서의 고행 속에서 치료자의 조건을 갖춘 바리공주는 영혼의 인도자이며, 치유자원형인 것이다. 이렇게 바리공주의 고통을 넘어선 신성한 치유의 힘은 한국인의 심성 속에 내재한 자기원형, 즉 치유자의 어떤 신적인 상을 깨우쳐 주는 상징적 힘인 것이다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate how trauma and personality system was related by comparing TCI profiles of the trauma versus non-trauma groups and PTSD symptom positive (PTSD symptom [+] group) and PTSD symptom negative groups (PTSD symptom [-] group). Methods : We compared the difference of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles between the trauma (n=61) and the non-trauma (n=61) groups, and between the PTSD symptom [+] group (n=40) and PTSD symptom [-] group (n=21). Results : Comparison of the TCI's seven higher dimensions between the PTSD symptom [+] and [-] groups showed significant differences only in C (Cooperativeness). And in the analysis of TCI's lower dimensions the significant differences were observed in the HA1 (Worry and pessimism), HA2 (Tension regarding uncertainty), and C4 (Compassion) subscales. However, significant differences in the higher dimensions appeared more clearly between the non-traumatized group and the traumatized group. Compared to the non-traumatized group, the traumatized group scored significantly higher in HA (Harm avoidance) and RD (Reward dependence), while lower in SD (Self-directedness). Conclusion : Overall, present results suggest that traumatic experiences may affect personality systems regardless of the development and of PTSD symptoms.