• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2006

셀레늄의 첨가가 육계 및 산란계의 생산성과 축적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2차례의 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1은 무기태 selenium 0.12, 0.24 ppm과 유기태 selenium 0.12, 0.24 및 0.6 ppm의 첨가가 육계의 사료 섭취량, 증체량, 사료 요구율 및 닭고기 내 selenium 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험 전 기간의 증체량은 무기태 0.24 ppm 첨가구보다 유기태 selenium 0.24와 0.60 ppm 첨가구에서 높았다(P<0.05). 그러나 사료 섭취량과 사료 요구율은 대조구, 무기태 및 유기태 selenium의 첨가 수준에 의한 차이는 없었다. 가슴과 다리근육의 selenium 함량은 대조구에 비하여 유기태와 무기태 selenium 첨가구가 높았으며(P<0.05), 유기태 selenium의 첨가 수준에 따른 차이는 있으나(P<0.05), 무기태 selenium의 첨가 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 실험 2에서는 산란계 사료에 무기태 selenium 0.06, 0.12 ppm과 유기태 selenium 0.06, 0.12 및 0.30 ppm의 첨가하여 급여시에 산란율, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율, 난질 및 계란 내 selenium 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사료 요구율은 무기태 0.06 ppm 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 개선되었으나(P<0.05), 산란율, 난중, 1일 산란량, 사료 섭취량은 대조구, 무기태 및 유기태 selenium의 첨가 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. Haugh unit는 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었으며, 난황색은 유기태 selenium 0.30 ppm 첨가구가 대조구를 포함한 다른 처리구에 비하여 높았다(P<0.05). 난각 강도는 유기태 selenium 0.06 ppm 첨가구가 높았다.(P<0.05). 그러나 난각 두께는 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 차이는 없었다. 계란 중의 selenium 함량은 대조구에 비하여 selenium을 첨가한 모든 처리구에서 높았다(P<0.05). 이외에도 사료내 selenium 첨가 수준에 비례하여 계란에서 selenium 축적량도 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 특히 유기태 selenium 이 무기태 selenium보다 효과적이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2004

Selenium and vitamin E are micronutrients essential for normal health and maintenance in poultry. They are necessary in preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. Two experiments were conducted in a semi-commercial environment to examine the effect of Se source and vitamin E level in diet on broiler performance and meat quality. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU did not affect growth performance of broilers although the 24 h drip-loss was tended to be reduced (p=0.06). There was an interaction between vitamin E and the source of Se in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and Se concentration in excreta. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU elevated GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 42 IU/g Hb and 0.9 ppm for the organic Se group, respectively, but reduced GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 16 IU/g Hb and 1.3 ppm for inorganic group, respectively. Vitamin E played no role in the feather coverage of the birds when scored on day 37. Organic Se is more effective in improving feather score and 24 h drip-loss, with a markedly higher deposition rate in breast muscle and a lower excretion rate in the excreta (p<0.05) compared to the inorganic Se source. Both vitamin E and the source of Se did not affect (p>0.05) the energy utilisation by birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1948-1956
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level, and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 54 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of five treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with one additional treatment in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se (IS or OS) sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean based diet, ii) IS30: control+inorganic Se 0.30 ppm, iii) IS50: control+inorganic Se 0.50 ppm, iv) OS30: control+ organic Se ppm, and v) OS50: control+organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At day 21 of lactation, piglet weight and weight gain in the OS treatments were higher than those in the IS treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, adding 0.5 ppm Se also resulted in the same significant differences in piglet BW and weight gain (p<0.05). Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (p<0.05) with Se level for both Se sources but were greater when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Except for 24 hours postpartum, the Se concentrations were higher when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Sow serum Se content was greater as Se levels increased from 0.3 ppm to 0.5 ppm at day 110 of gestation, 24 hours postpartum and day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The pig serum Se concentration increased as the dietary Se level increased (p<0.05) and was higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Organic Se 0.5 ppm also had the highest serum Se level at two measured points (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with organic Se or 0.5 ppm Se in a gestating diet could improve piglet performance, the Se status of sows and piglets and milk composition, but organic Se at 0.5 ppm is optimal.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of dietary selenium supplementation on lactating sows on the physiological response, litter performance, milk composition, and tissue selenium retention in piglets when selenium was provided by different sources and at different levels in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 48 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of the four treatments with 12 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. Treatments were as follows: i) IS30, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.30 ppm; ii) IS50, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.50 ppm; iii) OS30, basal diet + organic Se 0.30 ppm; and iv) OS50: basal diet + organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At Day 21 of lactation, a high tendency of litter weight (p = 0.08) and litter weight gain (p = 0.09) were observed when sows were fed an organic Se source. The milk Se concentration in the organic Se treatment was higher than that in the inorganic Se treatment at Day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The serum Se concentrations of sows and piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when lactating sows were fed organic Se instead of inorganic Se (p<0.01). During the suckling period, the kidney and muscle Se concentrations of piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Liver Se concentrations were affected by Se source and level (p<0.05). This also resulted in an interaction response at 21 days of lactation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of dietary organic Se in a lactating diet could improve sow feed consumption, piglet performance, milk Se level, and the Se status of sows and piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different selenium (Se) products (inorganic, organic A, organic B) added at two supplemental dietary Se levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a RCB design, with a non-Se-fortified basal diet serving as the negative control. A total of 56 crossbred pigs (28 male and 28 female pigs) initially weighing an average $28.45{\pm}0.53kg$ BW were allotted to each treatment with four pigs per pen on the basis of sex and weight. Two pigs per pen were selected and bled from the anterior vena cava at 3- weekly intervals to analyze Se concentration. In the growing phase (0-6 weeks), increased ADFI was observed when pigs were fed organic Se compared to those fed the control diet or inorganic Se treatment (p<0.05). Pigs fed inorganic Se had a great ADFI than pigs fed organic Se (p<0.05) in the late finishing phase (7-12 weeks), although there were no differences in whole period ADFI between organic or inorganic Se products. During 12 weeks of the whole experimental period, serum Se concentration increased linearly when dietary Se level increased regardless of Se products (p<0.05). Both dietary Se source (p<0.05) and Se level (p<0.01) influenced the Se concentration of various pig tissues at end of this experiment and Se content was the highest in the kidney. For the determination of nutrient digestibility, a metabolic trial was conducted in 3 replicates in randomized complete block (RCB) design. A total of 21 barrows ($50.21{\pm}0.62kg$ of average BW) were used in the metabolic study. Selenium supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility except for crude protein. Crude protein digestibility increased with dietary supplementation of organic Se (A) compared with other forms of Se products or control diet (p<0.05). Consequently, this experiment indicated that dietary Se products and levels had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Se concentration in tissues and serum was increased in proportion to dietary Se level, especially when organic Se was provided. Although pigs were fed organic forms of Se, bioavailability of organic forms varied among products, consequently bioactivity of organic products to the animals should be evaluated before practical application in animal feed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1939-1945
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted with the objectives to examine the impacts of inorganic selenium (Se) and different types and levels of organic selenium on the serum and tissues Se status and antioxidant capacity in broiler breeders. Methods: Five hundred and forty 48-wk-old Lingnan Yellow broiler breeders were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, provided same basal diet (0.04 mg/kg of Se) with 0.15 mg/kg, or 0.30 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite (SS) or from selenium-enriched yeast (SY) or from selenomethionine (SM). The broiler breeders were slaughtered after an 8-wk experiment. Results: The results showed that SM was better than SY and SS, 0.30 mg/kg level was better than 0.15 mg/kg level in Se deposition (p<0.05) in serum, liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle; in antioxidant status, organic selenium had better effects than SS in broiler breeders (p<0.05), but SM and SY had a similar result, and 0.15 mg/kg level was better than 0.30 mg/kg (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated the evident advantage of supplementation of broiler breeders with 0.15 mg/kg SM, which improved tissue Se concentrations and antioxidant status, and can be considered as the best selenium source.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2013

본 연구는 다양한 수준의 셀레늄 강화 청보리 사일리지와 무기셀레늄을 급여 시 비육기 거세한우의 생산성, 혈액 성상, 도체특성 및 조직 내 셀레늄 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험은 거세비육우 20두를 공시하였고, 처리구는 셀레늄 수준에 따라 0.1 ppm Se(대조구), 0.3 ppm Se (T1), 0.9 ppm Se (T2) 및 무기셀레늄 0.9 ppm Se (T3) 급여구로 4처리를 나누어 처리구 구당 5두씩 완전임의 배치하여 90일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 각 시험사료는 셀레늄 강화 및 셀레늄 무처리 관행 청보리 사일리지를 조합하여 건물기준 30% 함유하도록 배합하였다. 실험사료 내에 셀레늄 강화수준은 사료섭취량과 증체에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 혈중 총 지질과 중성지방농도는 대조구보다 T2구가 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈중 면역글로불린은 셀레늄함유량이 많을수록 높게 나타나 T2와 T3구가 대조구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 혈중 셀레늄농도는 유기태 셀레늄을 0.9 ppm 급여한 T2구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 도체율, 배최장근, 등지방두께, 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색은 셀레늄급여로 인한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 사료 내 셀레늄 수준 및 형태는 육질 및 육량등급 간에 관련성이 형성되지 않았다. 신장, 간장 및 후지 내 셀레늄 함량은 사료 내 셀레늄 강화수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 직선적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), 무기셀레늄급여는 대조구와 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아, 조직 내 셀레늄함량 증가에 도움이 되지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과에서 셀레늄 강화 청보리 사일리지 내 존재하는 셀레늄은 조직 내 셀레늄함량을 증가시키기에 유효한 셀레늄급원인 것으로 나타났고, 셀레늄 강화 청보리 최고수준(0.9 ppm Se)으로 급여하여 생산된 한우 후지육 100 g에 함유되어 있는 셀레늄은 성인기준 1일 최소 셀레늄 권장량($40{\mu}g$)의 약 69%를 충족시키는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sodium selenite and zinc-L-selenomethionine on performance and egg Se concentration in laying hens. Two hundred and twenty-four CP Browns aged 71 weeks were divided according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial in a completely randomized design. One more group without additional Se supplementation was used as a negative control. Each treatment consisted of four replicates and each replicate contained eight laying hens. The dietary treatments were T1: basal diet; T2, T3 and T4: basal diets plus 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg Se from sodium selenite/kg, respectively; T5, T6 and T7: basal diets plus 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg Se from zinc-L-selenomethionine/kg, respectively. The findings revealed that feed conversion rate/kg eggs, egg production, egg weight, Haugh units and eggshell thickness were not affected by source and level of Se (p>0.05). Increasing level of dietary Se significantly increased (p<0.05 the Se content of eggs. Zinc-L-selenomethionine markedly increased p<0.05 egg Se concentration as compared with sodium selenite. The results indicated that Se source did not influence performance of laying hens. However, zinc-L-selenomethionine increased p<0.05 egg Se concentration more than sodium selenite.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Thirty six barrows with an initial body weight of 28 kg were used to determine the effect of two dietary Se sources and a wide range of Se levels encompassing 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 mg/kg Se. The organic Se form was a Se-enriched yeast product, whereas the inorganic Se source was sodium selenite. The experiment was a $2{\times}6$ RCB design conducted in three replicates. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and provided their dietary treatment and water on an ad libitum basis for a minimum 2 wk period, whereupon feed intake was adjusted to a constant intake within replicate at approximately 90% of intake for a 4 d adjustment period. Urine and feces were subsequently collected for a 7 d period and analyzed for Se and minerals. The results demonstrated that urinary Se was approximately 25% higher when pigs were fed sodium selenite (p<0.01), whereas fecal Se was lower by 25% (p<0.01). Se retention tended to be higher when organic Se was provided (p>0.15). Urinary Se increased as dietary Se level increased for both Se sources but increased more and at a high rate when sodium selenite was fed resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Fecal Se increased linearly as the dietary level of both Se sources increased, but the fecal Se from organic Se increased at a faster rate resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Se retention increased linearly (p<0.01) as dietary Se increased for both Se sources. The apparent digestibility of Se increased by Se level when pigs were fed sodium selenite, but not when the organic Se source was provided resulting in an interaction response (p<0.05). Retention of consumed Ca, Zn increased when pigs were fed organic Se (p<0.05) whereas P and Na retention were higher when the inorganic Se was provided. Mineral retention was not affected by dietary Se level except P. These results suggest that Se excretion by urine was the main route of excretion when pigs were fed sodium selenite but the fecal route when Se-enriched yeast was provided. The excretion of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu via urine and feces was not affected by high dietary Se level or dietary Se sources.