• 제목/요약/키워드: Selective operating management

검색결과 11건 처리시간 0.021초

무선 환경에서 TCP 스퓨리어스 타임아웃 방지를 위한 SR-ARQ 재전송 지속성 관리 방안 (SR-ARQ Retramsission Persistence Management to Avoid TCP Spurious Timeout in a Wireless Environment)

  • 김범준;한제찬
    • 정보처리학회논문지C
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    • 제17C권6호
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    • pp.451-458
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    • 2010
  • 무선 링크를 통한 데이터 전송 과정에서 오류 혹은 그 밖의 다른 이유로 빈번하게 발생하는 패킷 손실을 감지하고 재전송하기 위한 기능은 전송의 신뢰성 확보 차원에서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 대부분의 이동통신시스템들은 데이터 링크 계층에서 동작하는 자동 재전송 프로토콜(Automatic Repeat reQuest; ARQ)을 도입하고 있다. 그러나 자동 재전송 프로토콜의 재전송 기능과 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)의 재전송 기능 간 원활하지 못한 상호작용은 오히려 TCP의 성능을 저하시킬 수 있는 문제가 있음이 알려져 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 자동 재전송 프로토콜인 SR-ARQ(selective repeat ARQ)를 TCP와의 상호 작용 측면에서의 개선하기 위한 방안을 제시하고 OPNET을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 이로 인한 TCP 성능 향상을 입증한다.

한국문헌정보학 교과과정 운영모형 및 표준교과목 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Curriculum Operating Model and Standard Courses for Library & Information Science in Korea)

  • 노영희;안인자;최상기
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.55-82
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 국내외 문헌정보학과의 교과과정 운영모형을 조사하여 국내 현실에 맞는 운영모형을 제안하고자 하며, 운영모형에 기반하여 한국문헌정보학 표준교과목도 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국외 교과과정 분석결과, 국내 교과과정 분석결과, 국내 현장사서를 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과, 그리고 현장사서를 대상으로 한 관종별 직무분석결과를 종합적으로 분석하여 문헌정보학 필수교과목, 핵심교과목, 그리고 선택교과목을 선정하여 제시하였다. 최종 제안된 문헌정보학 필수과목은 6개 과목으로서, 문헌정보학개론, 정보조직학, 정보서비스론, 도서관경영론, 정보검색론, 사서실습이다. 핵심과목은 6개 과목으로서, 정보자료분류목록실습, 주제별정보원(참고정보원), 장서개발론, 디지털도서관론, 서지학개론, 기록관리학개론이다. 선택과목은 총 20개 과목으로서, 문헌정보학 영역 4개 과목(도서및도서관사, 지식정보사회와 도서관, 도서관과저작권, 문헌정보학연구방법론), 정보조직학 영역 2개 과목(메타데이터의 이해, 한국문헌자동화목록실습), 정보조사제공학 영역 3개 과목(정보활용교육론, 독서지도론, 정보이용자연구), 도서관 정보센터경영학 영역 4개 과목(도서관협력론, 관종별도서관운영론, 도서관마케팅, 비도서자료관리론), 정보학 영역 6개 과목(데이터베이스운영론, 색인초록론, 정보학개론, 정보시스템론, 도서관시스템자동화, 도서관정보네트워크), 기록관리학 영역 1개 과목(기록보존론)이다.

넓은 작동 온도범위를 가지는 V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR 촉매 개발을 위한 티타늄 이소프로폭사이드(TTIP) 활용 전략 (Titanium Isopropoxide (TTIP) Treatment Strategy for V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR Catalysts with a Wide Operating Temperature)

  • 이재호;조광훈;이금연;임창용;이영세;김태욱
    • 공업화학
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.357-364
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    • 2023
  • 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR)은 질소산화물 배출을 줄이는 가장 효과적인 방법이지만, V2O5-WO3/TiO2 촉매가 좁은 작동온도 (300~400℃) 범위를 가지기 때문에, V2O5-WO3/TiO2 촉매의 작동 온도범위가 200~450℃인 새로운 촉매를 개발하였다. SCR 과정에서 생성되는 촉매 독인 황산암모늄은 350℃ 이상으로 가열함으로써 제거할 수 있다. 촉매 활성 부위의 수를 증가시키고 활성 물질의 분산을 촉진하기 위해 TiO2 지지체에 티타늄 이소프로폭사이드(TTIP) 처리를 여러 TTIP/TiO2 질량비로 진행하였다. 그 중 5 wt% TTIP 부하에서 높은 W 분산성으로 인해 열 안정성이 증가하였고 V5+가 형성되어 최적의 성능을 보였다. 5 wt% TTIP 부하로 처리된 촉매를 One-step co-precipitation으로 제조하였을 때 기존의 방법보다 더 나은 V-OH와 W-OH 분산 및 상호작용 향상이 나타나 더 낮은 온도에서 높은 촉매 활성으로 인해 향상된 성능을 보였다. 이를 향후 TTIP를 이용하여 TiO2촉매의 표면을 개선하려는 연구자에게 이해하기 쉽게 설명하고자 하였다.

상용차 하이브리드 냉방시스템 냉방 성능 특성 연구 (Experimental study on cooling performance characteristics of hybrid refrigeration system in a heavy duty vehicle)

  • 이호성;전한별;김정일;이무연
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.419-425
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 상용차 운행 시, 야간 및 운휴중에 냉방시스템을 운전하기 위하여서, 기계식과 전동식 압축기를 적용한 하이브리드 냉방시스템에 대한 냉방성능 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 기계식압축기는 170cc의 왕복동 형식이고, 전동식 압축기는 18cc 스크롤 형식이다. 전동식 압축기는 운휴시나 야간에 사용할 목적으로 적용되었기 때문에, 냉방용량은 기계식 압축기 대비 낮은 성능을 가지고 있다. 기계식 압축기를 사용하였을 경우, 6.0kW 수준의 냉방성능을 보이고 있고, 시스템 효율은 2.0이하의 결과를 가졌다. 반면, 전동식 압축기는 냉방성능 4.0kW수준, 시스템 효율은 3.5 수준을 가지고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 전동식 압축기는 냉방성능 4.0kW수준, 시스템 효율은 3.5 수준을 가지고 있었다. 기계식 압축기와 전동식 압축기를 운전조건에 따라서, 선택적으로 운전하는 것을 고려하였기 때문에, 운전모드가 바뀔 때의 시스템 특성을 분석하기 위하여서, 운전모드 변경에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. 운전모드가 변경될 때, 토출압력이 일시적으로 증가하는 경향을 보이는데, 안정적인 운전을 위하여서, 외기 부하 등을 고려한 운전모드 변경 로직에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

An Inventory Rationing Method in a M-Store Regional Supply Chain Operating under the Order-up-to Level System

  • Monthatipkul, Chumpol
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.80-92
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    • 2009
  • This paper addresses the inventory rationing issue embedded in the regional supply chain inventory replenishment problem (RSIRP). The concerned supply chain, which was fed by the national supply chain, consisted of a single warehouse distributing a single product to multiple stores (M-stores) with independent and normally distributed customer demand. It was assumed that the supply chain operated under the order-up-to level inventory replenishment system and had only one truck at the regional warehouse. The truck could make one replenishment trip to one store per period (a round trip per period). Based on current inventories and the vehicle constraint, the warehouse must make two decisions in each period: which store in the region to replenish and what was the replenishment quantity? The objective was to position inventories so as to minimize lost sales in the region. The warehouse inventory was replenished in every fixed-interval from a source outside the region, but the store inventory could be replenished daily. The truck destination (store) in each period was selected based on its maximum expected shortage. The replenishment quantity was then determined based on the predetermined order-up-to level system. In case of insufficient warehouse inventories to fulfill all projected store demands, an inventory rationing rule must be applied. In this paper, a new inventory rationing rule named Expected Cost Minimization (ECM) was proposed based on the practical purpose. The numerical results based on real data from a selective industry show that its performance was better and more robust than the current practice and other sharing rules in the existing literature.

New techniques for wound management: A systematic review of their role in the management of chronic wounds

  • Bekara, Farid;Vitse, Julian;Fluieraru, Sergiu;Masson, Raphael;De Runz, Antoine;Georgescu, Vera;Bressy, Guillaume;Labbe, Jean Louis;Chaput, Benoit;Herlin, Christian
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.102-110
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    • 2018
  • Debridement is a crucial component of wound management. Recent technologies such as hydrosurgery (Versajet), ultrasound therapy (the MIST therapy device), or plasma-mediated bipolar radio-frequency ablation therapy (Coblation) seem to represent interesting alternatives for wound debridement. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe, evaluate, and compare these three recently developed methods for the management of chronic wounds. In January 2016, an electronic database search was conducted of MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Embase for articles concerning these three innovative methods for the management of chronic wounds. A total of 389 references were identified by our search strategy, and 15 articles were included. We extracted data regarding the number and age of patients, indications, operating time, number of procedures, costs, wound healing time, decrease in exudation, perioperative blood loss, bacterial load, and the occurrence of complications. The 15 articles included studies that involved 563 patients who underwent hydrosurgery (7 studies), ultrasound therapy (6 studies), or Coblation (2 studies). Six randomized controlled trials were included that compared the use of a scalpel or curette to hydrosurgery (2 studies) or ultrasound therapy (6 studies). Hydrosurgery, in addition to being a very precise and selective tool, allows significantly faster debridement. Ultrasound therapy provides a significant reduction of exudation, and improves the wound healing time. No comparative study dedicated to Coblation was identified. Despite the obvious clinical interest of the topic, our review of the current literature revealed a lack of prospective randomized studies comparing these devices with each other or with standard techniques, particularly for Coblation and hydrosurgery.

Housing Welfare Policies in Scandinavia: A Comparative Perspective on a Transition Era

  • Jensen, Lotte
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2013
  • It is commonplace to refer to the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland as a distinctive and homogenous welfare regime. As far as social housing is concerned, however, the institutional heritage of the respective countries significantly frames the ways in which social housing is understood, regulated and subsidized, and, in turn, how housing regimes respond to the general challenges to the national welfare states. The paper presents a historical institutionalist approach to understanding the diversity of regime responses in the modern era characterized by increasing marketization, welfare criticism and internationalization. The aim is to provide outside readers a theoretically guided empirical insight into Scandinavian social housing policy. The paper first lines up the core of the inbuilt argument of historical institutionalism in housing policy. Secondly, it briefly introduces the distinctive ideal typical features of the five housing regimes, which reveals the first internal distinction between the universal policies of Sweden and Denmark selective policies of Iceland and Finland. The Norwegian case constitutes a transitional model from general to selective during the past quarter of a decade. The third section then concentrates on the differences between Denmark, Sweden and Norway in which social housing is, our was originally, embedded in a universal welfare policy targeting the general level of housing quality for the entire population. Differences stand out, however, between finance, ownership, regulation and governance. The historical institutional argument is, that these differences frame the way in which actors operating on the respective policy arenas can and do respond to challenges. Here, in this section we lose Norway, which de facto has come to operate in a residual manner, due to contemporary effects of the long historical heritage of home ownership. The fourth section then discusses the recent challenges of welfare criticism, internationalization and marketization to the universal models in Denmark and Sweden. Here, it is argued that the institutional differences between the Swedish model of municipal ownership and the Danish model of independent cooperative social housing associations provides different sources of resistance to the prospective dismantlement of social housing as we know it. The fifth section presents the recent Danish reform of the governance model of social housing policy in which the housing associations are conceived of as 'dialogue partners' in the local housing policy, expected to create solutions to, rather than produce problems in social housing areas. The reform testifies to the strategic ability of the Danish social housing associations to employ their historically grounded institutional relative independence of the public system.

관통성 경부 손상에 관한 임상적 고찰 (Clinical Analysis of Penetrating Neck Injury: Review of 42 Operated Cases)

  • 최환;홍석진;김연수;조재구;백승국;우정수;정광윤;권순영
    • 대한기관식도과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2010
  • Background: Penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency management because of the presence of vital structures in the neck. The risk of airway, vascular, neurological, and pharyngoesophageal injuries leads to many difficult diagnostic decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with management of penetrating neck injuries, and to assess treatment outcome. Material and Method: Forty-two consecutive patients were identified (26 patients from Korea university Ansan hospital, 16 patients from Guro hospital) as having penetrating neck injuries from 2003 to 2009. With review of medical records, variables were collected and evaluated including the location of injury, mechanism of injury, number of significant injuries, diagnostic modalities, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: The location of injury was zone I (lower neck) in 13 cases (31%), zone II (midportion of the neck) in 22 (52%), and zone III (upper neck) in 7 (17%). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 23 patients, penetrating foreign bodies in 12. Among 35 patients who had deep injuries that violated the platysma, significant injuries, including major vascular (20), trachea (5) Pharyngoesophageal injuries (5) were identified in 24 patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.5 days. Conclusion: The penetrating trauma in the neck may show various degrees of severity. However, Cervical penetrating injury should not be underestimated in spite of the minimal width of the lesion.

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국방개혁에 따른 이공계 전문인력의 효율적 활용방안 연구 (A Study on efficient utilization of natural science and engineering professionals according to the national Defense Reform)

  • 나태종;이윤환
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.49-60
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 국방개혁의 추진과정을 개관하고, 병역제도의 발전과정에서 시행되어 온 대체복무제도 운영실태를 분석하여 이공계 전문인력의 효율적 활용방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 제2장에서 병역제도의 개념과 변화요인을 살펴보고, 제3장에서는 이공계 전문인력 활용과 관련된 사례를 분석하였다. 제4장에서는 도출된 시사점을 토대로 병역제도 개선소요를 파악하여 관련 부처의 역할을 제시하였다. 제5장 결론에서는 앞서 논의된 결과를 요약하여 제시하는 방향으로 논지를 전개하였다. 연구결과 도출된 결론은 첫째, 대체복무제도의 존폐여부에 대한 사회적 합의를 도출하여 바람직한 방향으로 병역제도를 발전시켜야 하며, 둘째, 가칭 국군과학부대를 창설하여 우수한 이공계 전문인력을 장교 및 부사관으로 양성하여 개인의 발전과 국가경제의 발전에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 특히 법적, 제도적 개선소요를 모색하는 과정에서 과거에 시행되었던 제도의 시행착오와 실패사례를 반복하는 우를 범하지 않도록 해야 한다.

정보시스템의 실제 이용에 대한 연구: 모바일 서비스 시스템 품질을 중심으로 (A Study on Actual Usage of Information Systems: Focusing on System Quality of Mobile Service)

  • 조우철;김기민;양성병
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.611-635
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    • 2014
  • Information systems (IS) have become ubiquitous and changed every aspect of how people live their lives. While some IS have been successfully adopted and widely used, others have failed to be adopted and crowded out in spite of remarkable progress in technologies. Both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the IS Success Model (ISSM), among many others, have contributed to explain the reasons of success as well as failure in IS adoption and usage. While the TAM suggests that intention to use and perceived usefulness lead to actual IS usage, the ISSM indicates that information quality, system quality, and service quality affect IS usage and user satisfaction. Upon literature review, however, we found a significant void in theoretical development and its applications that employ either of the two models, and we raise research questions. First of all, in spite of the causal relationship between intention to use and actual usage, in most previous studies, only intention to use was employed as a dependent variable without overt explaining its relationship with actual usage. Moreover, even in a few studies that employed actual IS usage as a dependent variable, the degree of actual usage was measured based on users' perceptual responses to survey questionnaires. However, the measurement of actual usage based on survey responses might not be 'actual' usage in a strict sense that responders' perception may be distorted due to their selective perceptions or stereotypes. By the same token, the degree of system quality that IS users perceive might not be 'real' quality as well. This study seeks to fill this void by measuring the variables of actual usage and system quality using 'fact' data such as system logs and specifications of users' information and communications technology (ICT) devices. More specifically, we propose an integrated research model that bring together the TAM and the ISSM. The integrated model is composed of both the variables that are to be measured using fact as well as survey data. By employing the integrated model, we expect to reveal the difference between real and perceived degree of system quality, and to investigate the relationship between the perception-based measure of intention to use and the fact-based measure of actual usage. Furthermore, we also aim to add empirical findings on the general research question: what factors influence actual IS usage and how? In order to address the research question and to examine the research model, we selected a mobile campus application (MCA). We collected both fact data and survey data. For fact data, we retrieved them from the system logs such information as menu usage counts, user's device performance, display size, and operating system revision version number. At the same time, we conducted a survey among university students who use an MCA, and collected 180 valid responses. A partial least square (PLS) method was employed to validate our research model. Among nine hypotheses developed, we found five were supported while four were not. In detail, the relationships between (1) perceived system quality and perceived usefulness, (2) perceived system quality and perceived intention to use, (3) perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use, (4) quality of device platform and actual IS usage, and (5) perceived intention to use and actual IS usage were found to be significant. In comparison, the relationships between (1) quality of device platform and perceived system quality, (2) quality of device platform and perceived usefulness, (3) quality of device platform and perceived intention to use, and (4) perceived system quality and actual IS usage were not significant. The results of the study reveal notable differences from those of previous studies. First, although perceived intention to use shows a positive effect on actual IS usage, its explanatory power is very weak ($R^2$=0.064). Second, fact-based system quality (quality of user's device platform) shows a direct impact on actual IS usage without the mediating role of intention to use. Lastly, the relationships between perceived system quality (perception-based system quality) and other constructs show completely different results from those between quality of device platform (fact-based system quality) and other constructs. In the post-hoc analysis, IS users' past behavior was additionally included in the research model to further investigate the cause of such a low explanatory power of actual IS usage. The results show that past IS usage has a strong positive effect on current IS usage while intention to use does not have, implying that IS usage has already become a habitual behavior. This study provides the following several implications. First, we verify that fact-based data (i.e., system logs of real usage records) are more likely to reflect IS users' actual usage than perception-based data. In addition, by identifying the direct impact of quality of device platform on actual IS usage (without any mediating roles of attitude or intention), this study triggers further research on other potential factors that may directly influence actual IS usage. Furthermore, the results of the study provide practical strategic implications that organizations equipped with high-quality systems may directly expect high level of system usage.