• 공업화학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.588-593
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 LPG (liqufied petroleum gas)를 환원제로 사용하여 질소산화물을 제거하는 SCR (selective catalytic reduction) 반응을 수행하였다. 질소산화물을 제거하기 위하여 HZSM-5 담체위에 Cu와 Fe를 함량을 달리하여 함침 시켜 촉매를 제조하였다. 질소산화물 전환율을 촉매의 종류와 촉매함량, 반응온도를 중심으로 연구하였다. 촉매는 $500^{\circ}C$에서 공기흐름 분위기에서 3 h 동안 소성시켜 제조하였다. Cu는 1~4 wt%, Fe는 0.5~2 wt%가 되게 Si/Al 비가 80인 HZSM-5에 함침 시켰다. 반응실험 결과에 따르면 Cu가 HZSM-5 담체에 3 wt% 담지된 촉매의 전환율이 가장 높았다. 촉매의 특성화를 위하여 XRD, XPS, TPR 분석을 하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2004

$V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$ catalysts promoted with Mn were prepared and tested for selective catalytic reduction of NOx in $NH_3.$ The effects of promoter content, degree of catalyst loading were investigated for NOx activity while changing temperatures, mole ratio, space velocity and $O_2$ concentration. Among the various $V-{2}O_{5}$ catalysts having different metal loadings, $V-{2}O_{5}$(1 wt.%) catalyst showed the highest activity(98%) under wide temperature range of $200-250^{\circ}C.$ When the $V-{2}O_{5}$ catalyst was further modified with 5 wt.% Mn as a promoter, the highest activity(90-47%) was obtained over the low temperature windows of $100-200^{\circ}C.$ From Mn-$V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$, it was found that by addition of 5 wt.% Mn on $V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$ catalyst, reduction activity of catalyst was improved, which resulted in the increase of catalytic activity and NOx reduction. According to the results, NOx removal decreased for 10%, but the reaction temperature down to $100^{\circ}C.$

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2002

Selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction processes are mainly used to treat nitrogen oxidants generated from fossil-fuel combustion. Especially, the selective non-catalytic reduction process can be operated more economical and designed more simply than the selective catalytic reduction. For this reason, many researchers carried out to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen oxidants in the condition of low oxygen concentration by using the selective non-catalytic reduction process. However, this study was flue gas contained high oxygen concentration of 20(v/v%) with ammonia as a reducing agent. Moreover, it carried out experiment with many factors that are reaction temperature, retention time, initial NO concentration, NSR(normalized stoichiometric ratio). It was determined optimal operating conditions to improve NO removal efficiency with SNCR process. The De-NOx efficiency was increased with NSR, initial NO concentration and retention time increasement. This study has NO removal efficiency over 80% in the high oxygen concentration as well as low oxygen concentration. The injection of reducing agent may be considered for SNCR process and facility operation in 850$\^{C}$ of optimal condition.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

The present study conducted a numerical modeling on the diesel SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system using ammonia as a reductant over vanadium-based catalysts $(V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2)$. Transient modeling for ammonia adsorption/desorption on the catalyst surface was firstly carried out, and then the SCR reaction was modeled considering for it. In the current catalytic reaction model, we extended the pure chemical kinetic model based on laboratory-scale powdered-phase catalyst experiments to the chemico-physical one applicable to realistic commercial SCR reactors. To simulate multi-dimensional heat and mass transfer phenomena, the SCR reactor was modeled in two dimensional, axisymmetric domain using porous medium approach. Also, since diesel engines operate in transient mode, the present study employed an unsteady model. In addition, throughout simulations using the developed code, effects of space velocity on the DeNOx performance were investigated.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2017

Efficient simultaneous reduction conditions for $NO_x$ and $NH_3$-slip was investigated in SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process with load variation by applying dual catalysts (SCR catalyst, $NH_3$ decomposition catalyst) system. $N_2O$ formation characteristics were analyzed to look into possible undesirable reaction pathways. In the experiments of catalyst characteristics, various operational variables were tested for the combined catalytic system, such as $NH_3/NO_x$ ratio, temperature, oxygen concentration and $H_2O$. The reaction characteristics of $NO_x$, $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ were analyzed and optimal conditions could be evaluated for the combustion facility with varied load. In terms of $NO_x/NH_3$ simultaneous reduction and $N_2O$ formation suppression, optimal condition was considered NSR 1.2 and temperature $300^{\circ}C$. At this operational condition, $NO_x$ conversion was 98%, $NH_3$ reduction efficiency was 95%, generated $N_2O$ concentration 9.5 ppm with inlet $NO_x$ concentration of 100 ppm. In $NH_3-SCR$ process with $NH_3$ decomposition catalyst, $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ can be considered to be reduced simultaneously at limited conditions. The results of this study may be utilized as basic data at facilities requiring simultaneous $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ reduction for facilities with load variation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2009

The steady-state kinetics of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of $NO_X$ with $NH_3$ has been investigated over a commercial ${V_2}{O_5}/TiO_2$ catalyst. In order to account for the influence of transport effects the kinetics are coupled with a fully transient two-phase 1D+1D monolith channel model. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism is adopted to describe the steady-state kinetic behavior of the ${V_2}{O_5}/TiO_2$ catalyst. The reaction rate expressions are based on previously reported papers and are modified to fit the experimental data. The steady-state chemical reaction scheme used in the present mathematical model has been validated extensively with experimental data of selective $NO_X$ reduction efficiency for a wide range of inlet conditions such as space velocity, oxygen concentrations, water concentration, and $NO_2/NO$ ratio. The parametric investigations are performed to examine how the $NH_3$ slip from a SCR $DeNO_X$ catalyst and the conversion of $NO_X$ are affected by the reaction temperature, $NH_3/NO_X$ feed ratio, and space velocity for feed gas compositions with $NO_2/NO_X$ ratios of 0 and 0.5.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1977-1983
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• 2000

천연가스를 사용하는 복합화력발전소에서 발생되는 질소산화물(NOx)에 대한 귀금속촉매(Pt/Zeolite)의 활성을 디젤유를 환원제로 사용하여 파일럿 규모의 선택적촉매환원장치(selective catalytic reduction)에서 환원제 주입량, 반응온도, 공간속도에 따라 고찰하였다. 시험결과, 디젤유의 주입량을 증가시킬수록 NOx의 전환율은 증가하였으며 C/N비(C/N비: 배기가스 중에 포함된 NOx의 분자수에 대한 환원제 탄소 원자수의 비) 5.5 이상에서는 일정한 전환율을 유지하였다. NOx 전환율에 대한 반응온도의 영향을 알아본 결과, 온도가 증가함에 따라 NOx의 전환율이 증가하여 $190^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 최고 50%의 전환율을 보였다. 7,200/hr~27,000/hr의 범위에서 NOx 전환율에 대한 공간속도의 영향은, 18,500/hr까지 일정한 전환율을 유지하였으며 그 이상에서는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과에서 디젤유를 환원제로 사용하는 질소산화물 제거를 위한 SCR 공정의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5610-5614
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• 2012

암모니아를 환원제로 사용하는 선택적촉매환원법(Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR)에서 촉매의 다양한 공정조건에서의 질소산화물 전환특성을 조사하였다. $H_2$-TPR을 통해 Mn, Cu가 포함된 탈질촉매의 경우 저온에서의 산소사용능력으로 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 탈질촉매 #1의 경우 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 탈질효율이 감소하나 탈질촉매 #2의 경우 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 탈질효율이 증가하다가 일정하였다. 이러한 현상은 두 촉매의 $NH_3$ 산화능력의 차이에 의한 것이다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

This work reviews the effects of catalyst formulation and exhaust gas composition on soot oxidation in CDPF (Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter). DOC's (Diesel Oxidation Catalysts) have been loaded with Pt catalyst (Pt/$Al_{2}O_3$) for reduction of HC and CO. Recent CDPF's are coated with the Pt catalyst as well as additives like Mo, V, Ce, Co, Fe, La, Au, or Zr for the promotion of soot oxidation. Alkali (K, Na, Cs, Li) doping of metal catalyst tends to increase the activity of the catalysts in soot combustion. Effects of coexistence components are very important in the catalytic reaction of the soot. The soot oxidation rate of a few catalysts are improved by water vapor and NOx in the ambient. There are only a few reports available on the mechanism of the PM (particulate matter) oxidation on the catalysts. The mechanism of PM oxidation in the catalytic systems that meet new emission regulations of diesel engines has yet to be investigated. Future research will focus on catalysts that can not only oxidize PM at low temperature, but also reduce NOx, continuously self-cleaning diesel particulate filters, and selective catalysts for NOx reduction.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2007

망간계 금속산화물을 이용한 저온 선택적 촉매 환원 반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 망간계 금속산화물은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 탈질 특성을 보인다. 온도에 따른 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 변화 실험을 통하여 미반응 암모니아의 배출은 몰비가 증가하고 온도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, $NO_2$의 발생은 반대의 현상을 보였다. $NO_2$는 NO가 촉매 표면에 흡착된 후 nitrate종으로 산화되어 생성되는 것으로 보인다. 촉매 표면에 생성된 nitrate종과 흡착된 암모니아가 반응하기 때문에 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 1.0 이상에서도 미반응 암모니아의 배출이 없었다. 담지된 금속산화물의 영향은 Zr은 산화상태를 증가시켜 $NO_2$의 배출이 증가하였으며, Ce를 첨가시킨 경우 $NO_2$ 발생량이 감소하였다. 그러나 금속산화물의 첨가는 전체적으로 NOx 전환율을 감소시켰다