• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2388-2404
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• 2012

Cryptographic hash functions are widely used in many information security applications like digital signatures, message authentication codes (MACs), and other forms of authentication. In response to recent advances in cryptanalysis of commonly used hash algorithms, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced a publicly open competition for selection of new standard Secure Hash Algorithm called SHA-3. One important aspect of this competition is evaluation of hardware performances of the candidates. In this work we present efficient hardware implementations of SHA-3 finalists: JH, Keccak and Skein. We propose high speed architectures using Look-Up Table (LUT) resources on FPGAs, to minimize chip area and to reduce critical path lengths. This approach allows us to design data paths of SHA-3 finalists with minimum resources and higher clock frequencies. We implemented and investigated the performance of these candidates on modern and latest FPGA devices from Xilinx. This work serves as performance investigation of leading SHA-3 finalists on most up-to-date FPGAs.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2018

Cancer growth and progression are associated with immune suppression. Cancer cells have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions. Monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoints provided an immense breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. Among the immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors showed promising therapeutic outcomes, and some have been approved for certain cancer treatments, while others are under clinical trials. Recent reports have shown that patients with various malignancies benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, mainstream initiation of immune checkpoint therapy to treat cancers is obstructed by the low response rate and immune-related adverse events in some cancer patients. This has given rise to the need for developing sets of biomarkers that predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade and immune-related adverse events. In this review, we discuss different predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors, including immune cells, PD-L1 overexpression, neoantigens, and genetic and epigenetic signatures. Potential approaches for further developing highly reliable predictive biomarkers should facilitate patient selection for and decision-making related to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2003

다중분광 영상의 정확한 지형지물 분류를 수행할 때 고려해야 할 중요한 요소중에 적절한 분류 클래스의 선정과 선정된 클래스의 분리도가 높아지도록 트레이닝 지역(training fields)을 잡는 것은 특히 중요하다. 최근에 이용되고 있는 위성탑재 하이퍼스펙트럴(hyperspectral) 영상은 많은 밴드를 포함하고 있기 때문에 데이터 처리가 어렵고, 잡음(noise)으로 인하여 다중분광 영상보다 분류 결과가 나쁜 경우도 나타난다. 특히 대상지역의 클래스에 따른 트레이닝 지역의 선정시 일부 클래스에서 하이퍼스펙트럴 밴드수에 비해 상대적으로 적은 수의 트레이닝 샘플로 인하여 공분산 행렬의 계산에 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Hyperion 데이터를 이용한 분류를 수행하기 위하여 밴드 추출 방식을 알아보고, 분류영상의 정확도 평가를 통하여 밴드 추출의 효용성을 시험하였다. 밴드를 줄이는 또 다른 방법인 클래스간 분리도에 따른 최적 밴드를 추출하여 분류정확도를 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 밴드 추출이나 클래스 분리도에 따라 선택된 영상의 분류 정확도는 분류자(classifier)에 상관없이 전체 밴드를 사용한 원영상과 유사하게 나타났지만, 사용된 밴드수와 계산 시간은 단축되었다. 분류자는 MLC, SAM, ECHO의 3종류가 사용되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1691-1699
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• 2018

Objective: In Korea, there are three main cattle breeds, which are distinguished by coat color: Brown Hanwoo (BH), Brindle Hanwoo (BRH), and Jeju Black (JB). In this study, we sought to compare the genetic diversity and divergence among there Korean cattle breeds using a BovineHD chip genotyping array. Methods: Sample data were collected from 168 cattle in three populations of BH (48 cattle), BRH (96 cattle), and JB (24 cattle). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the Illumina BovineHD SNP 777K Bead chip. Results: Heterozygosity, used as a measure of within-breed genetic diversity, was higher in BH (0.293) and BRH (0.296) than in JB (0.266). Linkage disequilibrium decay was more rapid in BH and BRH than in JB, reaching an average $r^2$ value of 0.2 before 26 kb in BH and BRH, whereas the corresponding value was reached before 32 kb in JB. Intra-population, interpopulation, and Fst analyses were used to identify candidate signatures of positive selection in the genome of a domestic Korean cattle population and 48, 11, and 11 loci were detected in the genomic region of the BRH breed, respectively. A Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree showed two main groups: a group comprising BH and BRH on one side and a group containing JB on the other. The runs of homozygosity analysis between Korean breeds indicated that the BRH and JB breeds have high inbreeding within breeds compared with BH. An analysis of differentiation based on a high-density SNP chip showed differences between Korean cattle breeds and the closeness of breeds corresponding to the geographic regions where they are evolving. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although the Korean cattle breeds have common features, they also show reliable breed diversity.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 1989

우리나라 국토(國土)의 65%를 차지하는 삼림(森林)은 국민경제적(國民經濟的) 측면(側面)과 국토보전적(國土保全的) 측면(側面)에서 모두 중요하다. 따라서 삼림(森林)의 내용(內容)과 현황(現況)을 정확히 조사하여 평가(評價)하는 일은 큰 의미를 가지며, 그 목적(目的)을 위해서 항공사진(航空寫眞)이나 원격탐사기술(遠隔探査技術)이 효과적으로 이용(利用)된다. Landsat 4호(號)와 5호(號)에 탑재(搭載)되어 있는 TM은 지상해상능력(地上解像能力)이 뛰어나고 넓은 범위의 파장영역(波長領域)을 해석(解析)할 수 있는 능력이 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 Landsat-5에서 수신(受信)한 TM data를 사용하여 경상북도(慶尙北道)의 한 지역(地域)을 대상으로 하여 토지(土地)의 이용형태(利用形態)와 임상구분(林相區分)을 실시(實施)하였고, 흑백적외선(黑白赤外線) 항공사진(航空寫眞)을 판독(判讀)하여 제작(製作)한 임상도(林相圖)와 분류(分類) 결과(結果)를 비교하였다. 그 결과(結果) TM data는 전반적인 토지이용분류(土地利用分類)의 측면(側面)에서 효과가 높았으며, 임상구분(林相區分)은 항공사진(航空寫眞)을 판독(判讀) 결과(結果)와 비교하여 차이가 있었다. 복잡하고 변화(變化)가 심한 삼림지역(森林地域)의 계절(季節)에 따른 반사특성(反射特性)을 이해하고, 임상간(林相間) 분리도(分離度)를 크게 하는 band의 선정(選定)과 조합(調合) 방법(方法)이 앞으로 해결해야 한 문제점(問題點)으로 제기되었다.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2018

Hanwoo and Chikso are classified as Korean native cattle breeds that are currently registered with the Food and Agriculture Organization. However, there is still a lack of genomic studies to compare Hanwoo to Chikso populations. The objective of this study was to perform genome-wide analysis of Hanwoo and Chikso populations, investigating the genetic relationships between these two populations. We genotyped a total of 319 cattle including 214 Hanwoo and 105 Chikso sampled from Gangwon Province Livestock Technology Research Institute, using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K Beadchip. After performing quality control on the initially generated datasets, we assessed linkage disequilibrium patterns for all the possible SNP pairs within 1 Mb apart. Overall, average $r^2$ values in Hanwoo (0.048) were lower than Chikso (0.074) population. The genetic relationship between the populations was further assured by the principal component analysis, exhibiting clear clusters in each of the Hanwoo and Chikso populations, respectively. Overall heterozygosity for Hanwoo (0.359) was slightly higher than Chikso (0.345) and inbreeding coefficient was also a bit higher in Hanwoo (-0.015) than Chikso (-0.035). The average $F_{ST}$ value was 0.036 between Hanwoo and Chikso, indicating little genetic differentiation between those two breeds. Furthermore, we found potential selection signatures including LRP1B and NTRK2 genes that might be implicated with meat and reproductive traits in cattle. In this study, the results showed that both Hanwoo and Chikso populations were not under severe level of inbreeding. Although the principal component analysis exhibited clear clusters in each of the populations, we did not see any clear evidence that those two populations are highly differentiated each other.