• 제목/요약/키워드: Select Attributes

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The Burdens of Occupational Heat Exposure-related Symptoms and Contributing Factors Among Workers in Sugarcane Factories in Ethiopia: Heat Stress Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Meter

  • Mitiku B. Debela;Achenef M. Begosaw;Negussie Deyessa;Muluken Azage
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.325-331
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    • 2023
  • Background: Heat stress is a harmful physical hazard in many occupational settings. However, consequences of occupational heat exposure among workers in a sugarcane factory in Ethiopia are not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational heat exposure-related symptoms and contributing factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, five workstations were selected for temperature measurement. Heat stress levels were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature index meter. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,524 participants. Heat-related symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: The level of occupational heat exposure was 72.4% (95% CI: 70.2%-74.8%), while 71.6% (95% CI: 69.3%-74.9%) of participants experienced at least one symptom related to heat stress. The most common heat-related symptoms were swelling of hands and feet (78%), severe thirst (77.8%) and dry mouth (77.4%). The identified risk factors were a lack of reflective shields (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.17), not-enclosed extreme heat sources (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.51), a lack of access to shade (AOR: 9.62, 95% CI: 6.20, 14.92), and inappropriate protective clothing provision (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.71). Conclusions: The burden of occupational heat exposure and heat-induced symptoms was high. Lack of reflective shields, the absence of enclosed extreme heat sources, a lack of access to shade, and inappropriate protective clothing provision were considerable attributes of heat stress. Therefore, the use of mechanical solutions to stop heat emissions at their sources and the key factors identified were areas for future intervention.

The development of a new type of functional fresh apple juice using prebiotic fibers, ginger extract, and cardamom essential oil: Antioxidant capacity and chemical analysis

  • Hamed Hassanzadeh;Mohammadyar Hosseini;Yaseen Galali;Babak Ghanbarzadeh
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.743-757
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    • 2023
  • The formulation of a novel functional fresh apple juice enriched with dietary prebiotic fiber (inulin or polydextrose), ginger extract (GE), and cardamom essential oil (CEO) was carried out based on a combined D-optimal design. In the first stage, sensory evaluation was performed to screen and select the optimum sample for further experiments. The sensory evaluation showed that the sample containing inulin 0.25 g/100 g GE and 0.03 g/100 g CEO had the highest organoleptic score. In the second stage, various chemical experiments, including pH, acidity, formalin index, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C content, were evaluated on the selected enriched apple juices. The addition of GE and CEO caused changes in nutritional characteristics, including antioxidant capacity, total phenol, flavonoids, vitamin C, and IC50, from 35 g/100 g, 350 mg GAE/g, 17 mg/L, 370 mg/kg, and 1,800 mg/kg to 45 g/100 g, 460 mg GAE/g, 21 mg/L, 420 mg/kg, and 1,200 mg/kg respectively. The steady shear flow and dynamic oscillatory shear rheological tests were also performed on the screened samples, and results showed that the addition of dietary fiber in apple juices increased the apparent viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity. In general, adding plant extracts and processed essential oil to apple juice increased the nutritional-nutraceutical value and sensory attributes of apple juice.

${\cdot}$중등학교 교과서의 우유 영양교육 내용 분석 (Content Analysis of the Milk-Related Nutrition Education Found in Elementary and Secondary School Textbooks)

  • 윤인경;김규태;김정현;박동호;서지영;박선영;장명희
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.221-238
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구의 목적은 현행 초등학교, 중등학교 교과서에 수록된 우유에 대한 영양 교육 내용을 분석함으로써 향후 학교 교육을 통해 학생에게 우유에 대한 영양 섭취 및 소비행동에 유익한 정보를 체계적으로 제공할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하는데 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 초${\cdot}$중등학교 교과서(1학년$\~$10학년)교과서에 나타난 우유 영양교육의 내용요소를 분석하였으며 이를 토대로 학교교육을 통해 지도되어야 하는 우유 교육 내용의 체계화안을 마련하였다. 초등학교 교과서에 나타난 우유 영양교육은 2학년 6학년을 제외한 4개 학년의 교과서에서 확인할 수 있었으며, 저학년의 통합교과, 과학, 실과, 체육 교과서에서 주로 다루어졌다. 가장 많은 내용을 다룬 교과서는 실과이며, 우유의 영양에 대한 기초 지식 중심의 정보와 우유 마시는 방법 등에 대한 구체적인 내용을 제시하고 있었다. 중등학교 교과서에 나타난 우유 영양교육은 7학년에서 10학년까지의 과학, 기술${\cdot}$ 가정, 체육 교과서에서 고르게 다루어졌다. 가장 많은 내용을 체계적으로 다룬 교과서는 기술${\cdot}$가정이며 우유의 성분 및 주된 영양소 식품으로서의 특징과 선택 및 보관 방법. 실생활에서 균형식으로서의 실천 방법 등을 비교적 구체적으로 제시하였다. 그러나 초등학교와 마찬가지로 교과목간 학교급별간 중복 및 지식 제공의 위계가 맞지 않는 등의 문제점도 지적되었다. 따라서 우유에 대한 영양 교육도 학교급별로 대상에 맞게 영양 교육 내용의 수준을 적정화하고 체계화하며, 교과목간 및 우유 급식 등과 연계한 영양교육 프로그램으로 개발${\cdot}$운영할 필요성이 강조되었다.

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임도(林道) 절토사면(切土砂面)의 침입(侵入) 식생(植生)에 대한 계량(計量) 생태학적(生態學的) 분석(分析) (The Quantitative Ecological Analysis for Invading Vegetation on Forest Road Cut-slopes)

  • 김광택;김지홍
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2000
  • 임도 절토사면에서의 자연식생의 침입과정과 천이과정을 구명하고, 침입속도가 빠르며 경관상으로 우수한 향토 식물종을 선발하기 위하여 '93, '95, '97, '98년도에 개설된 임도에 각각 15개, 총 60개의 $1m{\times}1m$ 표본구를 설치하고 침입식생의 생태적 특성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 절토사면의 식생 피복률은 입지인자 중 토양경도, 사면경사도와 고도의 상관을 나타냈고, 피복률이 높을수록 침입식물의 종수는 많은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 절토사면에서 목본류는 산딸기, 붉나무, 싸리, 호랑버들, 물오리나무, 소나무가 주요 우점수종으로 나타났고, 그중 산딸기는 열매로, 붉나무는 단풍으로 경관적 가치가 높았으며, 초본류는 고들빼기, 큰기름새, 큰까치수영이 모든 개설연도에서 우점도가 높았다. 고들빼기는 우점도가 높았을 뿐만 아니라 개화시기도 길었고 (5~10 월), 봄에는 세잎양지꽃, 고깔제비꽃, 여름에는 큰까치수영, 닭의 장풀, 돌콩, 미꾸리낚시, 달맞이꽃, 가을에는 넓은잎외잎쑥, 물봉선이 개화하면서 우점하였다. 3. 임도 개설 후, 시간이 지남에 따라 목본류의 종다양성지수는 증가하였고, 초본류는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 휴면형에 속하는 Th 생활형의 우점도는 임도 개설 초기에 높게 나타났으나, 그후 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. MM+M+N은 개설시간이 지남에 따라 증가하였고. Ch+H+G+Th+HH는 감소하였다. 5. 천이도는 '93, '95, '97, '98년도에 개설한 임도가 각각 359, 111, 97, 87로 임도 개설 연수가 지남에 따라 증가하였다.

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Effect of Particular Breed on the Chemical Composition, Texture, Color, and Sensorial Characteristics of Dry-cured Ham

  • Seong, Pil Nam;Park, Kuyng Mi;Kang, Sun Moon;Kang, Geun Ho;Cho, Soo Hyun;Park, Beom Young;Ba, Hoa Van
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권8호
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    • pp.1164-1173
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    • 2014
  • The present study demonstrates the impact of specific breed on the characteristics of dry-cured ham. Eighty thighs from Korean native pig (KNP), crossbreed (Landrace${\times}$YorkshireLandrace${\times}$Yorkshire)♀${\times}$Duroc♂ (LYD), Berkshire (Ber), and Duroc (Du) pig breeds (n = 10 for each breed) were used for processing of dry-cured ham. The thighs were salted with 6% NaCl (w/w) and 100 ppm $NaNO_2$, and total processing time was 413 days. The effects of breed on the physicochemical composition, texture, color and sensory characteristics were assessed on the biceps femoris muscle of the hams. The results revealed that the highest weight loss was found in the dry-cured ham of LYD breed and the lowest weight loss was found in Ber dry-cured ham. The KNP dry-cured ham contain higher intramuscular fat level than other breed hams (p<0.05). It was observed that the dry-cured ham made from KNP breed had the lowest water activity value and highest salt content, while the LYD dry-cure ham had higher total volatile basic nitrogen content than the Ber and Du hams (p<0.05). Zinc, iron and total monounsaturated fatty acids levels were higher in KNP ham while polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were higher in Du ham when compared to other breed hams (p<0.05). Additionally, the KNP dry-cured ham possessed higher Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) $a^*$ value, while the Du dry-cured ham had higher $L^*$, CIE $b^*$ and hue angle values (p<0.05). Furthermore, breed significantly affected the sensory attributes of dry-cured hams with higher scores for color, aroma and taste found in KNP dry-cured ham as compared to other breed hams (p<0.05). The overall outcome of the study is that the breed has a potential effect on the specific chemical composition, texture, color and sensorial properties of dry-cured hams. These data could be useful for meat processors to select the suitable breeds for economical manufacturing of high quality dry-cured hams.

천연활엽수림(天然闊葉樹林)의 경영대상(經營對象) 수종(樹種) 선정(選定) 및 구성비율(構成比率) 추정(推定) (Selection of Desirable Species and Estimation of Composition Ratio in a Natural Deciduous Forest)

  • 양희문;강성기;김지홍
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제90권4호
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    • pp.465-475
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    • 2001
  • 가리산 일대 천연활엽수림을 대상으로 산림의 안정성을 유지하고, 경제적 가치를 향상시킬 수 있는 경영대상 수종 선정과 구성비율 추정을 위해 수종구성, 직경급과 수고급별 개체수 분포, 지형적 위치, 종다양성 등 군집 구조적 속성을 기초로 하여 우점수종과 우점 가능 수종을 파악하고, 산림의 적정 안정수준을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상 산림에는 총 25개 교목수종이 생육하고 있으나, 우점성 또는 우점 가능성이 높게 평가된 신갈나무, 소나무, 가래나무, 졸참나무, 층층나무, 고로쇠나무, 물푸레나무, 찰피나무와 이용적 가치가 높은 음나무 등 9개 수종이 경영대상 수종으로 선정되었다. 2. 연구대상 산림을 지형적 위치에 따라 구분하고, 경영대상 수종을 고찰한 결과, 계곡지역은 가래나무, 층층나무, 신갈나무, 고로쇠나무, 찰피나무, 물푸레나무, 산복지역은 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 고로쇠나무, 찰피나무, 물푸레나무, 음나무, 그리고 능선지역은 신갈나무, 소나무, 졸참나무, 물푸레나무 등이 경영대상 수종으로 선정되었다. 3. 연구대상 산림 전체, 계곡, 산복, 능선지역 상층에서는 각각 1.96, 1.68, 1.93, 1.27 이상의 종다양성 수준을 유지해야 현재의 안정성을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 파악되었다. 4. 산림의 안정상태를 유지하기 위해서 신갈나무는 30%, 고로쇠나무, 물푸레나무, 졸참나무, 찰피나무는 10%~15%, 가래나무, 소나무, 층층나무는 5%~10%, 음나무는 5% 가량 유지하는 것이 합리적일 것으로 사료된다.

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특징집합 IG-MLP 평가 기반의 최적화된 특징선택 방법을 이용한 질환 예측 머신러닝 모델 (Optimized Feature Selection using Feature Subset IG-MLP Evaluation based Machine Learning Model for Disease Prediction)

  • 김경륜;김재권;이종식
    • 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2020
  • 암을 제외한 한국인의 가장 높은 사망원인은 심뇌혈관질환으로 사망원인의 24%를 차지한다. 현재 국내 환자의 심혈관질환의 위험도 산출은 프레밍험 위험지수를 기반으로 하지만, 국외의 가이드라인에 의존하고 있어 정확도가 떨어지는 편이며, 뇌혈관질환의 예측에 대한 위험도는 산출할 수 없다. 심뇌혈관질환은 예방을 위한 조기증상들의 특징 분석이 어려워 질환예측이 힘들며, 한국인에 적합한 예측 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 심뇌혈관질환 데이터를 이용하여, 특징집합 IG-MLP 평가 기반의 특징선택 방법론을 시뮬레이션 하여 검증하는 것이다. 제안하는 방법은 제4~7기 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 이용한다. 심뇌혈관질환의 예측에 중요한 특징들을 선별하기 위해, 속성들의 심뇌혈관질환에 대한 정보이득-다층신경망을 이용한 분석을 실시하며, 최종적으로 선별된 특징을 이용한 심뇌혈관질환 예측 모델을 제공한다. 제안하는 방법으로 한국인의 심뇌혈관질환에 관련된 중요한 특징들을 찾을 수 있으며, 최적화된 특징들로 구성된 예측 모델은 한국인에 대해 더욱 정확한 심뇌혈관 예측을 할 수 있다.

정부의 전통시장 지원 정책 효과에 대한 실증연구 (The Policy Effects on Traditional Retail Markets Supported by the Korean Government)

  • 이규현;김용재
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - A traditional retail market is a place that offers economic opportunity to employees and employers alike it also is a place where the community can meet. The Korean government has invested three trillion won to improve physical and non-physical aspects in traditional retail markets since 2004. However, little research on this has been conducted. We explore this research gap that could lead to theory extension. We analyze consumption behavior with respect to traditional retail markets through an empirical analysis, thus overcoming limits in previous research. We empirically analyze policy effects of traditional retail market projects supported by the Korean government. Research design, data, and methodology - We propose a traditional retail market improvement plan via the relation between cause and effect resulting from the analysis. More specifically, logit analysis was carried out with 1,754 consumers in 16 cities nationwide. In order to analyze consumer consumption behaviors nationwide, the probability was analyzed using a logit model. This research analyzes the link between support and non-support by the Korean government using binary values. The dependent variable is whether Korean government support is implemented; the binomial logistic regression is used as the statistical estimation technique. The object variables are:1 (support) or 0 (nonsupport), and the prediction value is between 1 and 0. As a result of the factor analysis of questions related to attributes of service quality, four factors were extracted: convenience, product, facilities, and service. Results - The results indicate that convenience, product, and facilities have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in accordance with the government's traditional retail market support. Additionally, the results reveal that convenience, product, facilities, and service all have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in a traditional retail market's service quality and consumer satisfaction. Finally, the analysis indicates that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on revisit intention. Moreover, the results reveal that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on recommendation intention. Conclusions - This research focused on consumers nationwide to measure policy effects of traditional retail markets compared to previous research that focused on one traditional retail market or a specific area. We verified the relationship of service quality and customer satisfaction and consumer behavior based on service quality theory. The results indicate that consumer satisfaction of traditional retail markets supported by service quality factors has a significant impact. In a concrete form, the results indicate that these effects are from facility modernization projects and marketing support projects of the Korean government. The results also imply that these facility and management support effects from the Korean government have been consistent. We realize that the Korean government has to selectively support traditional retail markets in major cities and small and medium-sized cities. To that end, the Korean government needs to select a concentration strategy for the revitalization of traditional retail markets.

미국 경찰관 모집·선발제도의 특징 및 함의 (Recruitment and Selection of Police Officials in the United States -the System and it's Implications-)

  • 박동균
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.384-392
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    • 2011
  • 경찰은 시민의 가장 가까운 곳에서 시민의 생명과 재산을 지키는 형사사법기관이다. 따라서, 다른 여타의 공무원들이나 직군에 비해서 높은 윤리성과 봉사성이 필요하다. 우리나라뿐만 아니라 세계 각국에서는 경찰공무원을 임용할 때, 무엇보다도 엄격하고 까다로운 기준과 절차를 통해서 선발한다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구에서는 경찰 선진국인 미국 경찰관들의 모집 및 선발 실태를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 미국 신임경찰관 채용 과정은 통상적으로 모집공고 및 활동, 지원서 접수, 필기 및 적성검사, 육체 민첩성 테스트, 심리 테스트, 구술고사, 신원조회, 거짓말 탐지기를 이용한 조사, 그리고 건강검진 등의 절차를 거치게 된다. 미국 경찰공무원 선발제도 중에서 가장 큰 특징은 많은 경찰조직에서 지원자의 정직성 및 도덕성을 검증하기 위하여 거짓말 탐지기를 활용한다는 점이다. 또한 미국은 불법적인 약물남용이 많기 때문에 지원자들은 반드시 약물 테스트를 위해 소변이나 머리카락을 제출해야 한다. 한국에서도 경찰관 선발시험은 지원자의 실력과 자격을 정확하게 파악할 수 있어야 하고, 아울러 현대사회가 요청하는 경찰공무원을 선발할 수 있도록 적성검사를 새롭게 구성해야 할 것이다. 또한 적성검사의 한계를 극복하는데 미국의 사례와 같이 거짓말탐지기 조사를 적극적으로 검토할 필요성이 제기된다.

Marriage in Korea I. Evidence of Changing Attitudes and Practice

  • Kim, Mo-Im;Harper, Paul A.;Rider, Rowland V.;Yang, Jae-Mo
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 1975
  • Seven aspects of attitude toward marriage in Korea are examined to better understand present and future marriage patterns. Also, various facets of current marriage practice are compared with attitudes. The study comprises three groups of roughly 600 women each, selected by random sampling from a rural, an urban, and a semi-urban area. A carefully designed and pretested questionnaire was checked for reliability by a reinterview in a 15% subsample. The great majority of Korean women support traditional attitudes that one must or should marry. The small group who recommend that one should not marry are mostly the very young or the never married, whose attitudes still may change. However, there are important and probably predictive shifts in favor of more individual decision, especially among the better educated, the young, and the more urban. Traditional reasons for marriage such as "custom" and procreation are ranked first by a majority, but there is a large shift to more contemporary or liberal desire for companionship and love, also primarily among the better educated, the urban, the young, and the never married. The traditional attitude that parents should have the sole or major role in mate selection is still held by a bare majority; the educated, urban, young, and never married are more liberal. Only 6% opt for each of the two extremes: That the parent alone or the respondent alone should decide. The remainder prefer one of the two middle-of-the-road positions where parent and child together decide. The proportions of respondents who classed specified criteria as moat important for selecting a husband, arranging the criteria in order from traditional to contemporary were: Lineage, etc., 23%; personal attributes, 40%; health and education, 27%; and love, 10%. The changing attitudes are suggested by the fact that love was ranked first by only 3% of the poorly educated rural poulation versus 23% of urban college level and 31% of the urban never married. There has been a substantial rise in the ideal age of marriage over the past twelve or more years, but there also is evidence that the ideal age is at or near a ceiling. Knowledge about legal age of marriage is minimal; the implications of this for proposed legislation are discussed. Three-fifthes to four-fifths of all respondents married husbands of the same religious, residential, and economic backgrounds as themselves. Almost all of them married men of the same or higher educational level. These evidences of traditional influences in mate selection are contrasted with the low priority given some of those items in earlier questions on reasons for marriage and criterion for selecting husband. Contrary to the expressed attitudes as to who should select the husband, we find that marriages of the study sample were stated to be arranged by parents alone in 62%; and in another 23%, the parents made the decision but asked the respondent's views. Such arrangements were most frequent among the rural, the less educated, and the older respondents and less common in the urban and more educated. The implications of these and related findings are discussed.

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