• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.673-685
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• 2007

Reinforced concrete beams can be strengthened in a structural retrofit process by attaching steel plates to their sides by bolting. Whilst bolting produces a confident degree of shear connection under conditions of either static or seismic overload, the plates are susceptible to local buckling. The aim of this paper is to investigate the local buckling of unilaterally-restrained plates with point supports in a generic fashion, but with particular emphasis on the provision of the restraints by bolts, and on the geometric configuration of these bolts on the buckling loads. A numerical procedure, which is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with the technique of Lagrange multipliers, is developed to study the unilateral local buckling of rectangular plates bolted to the concrete with various arrangements of the pattern of bolting. A sufficient number of separable polynomials are used to define the flexural buckling displacements, while the restraint condition is modelled as a tensionless foundation using a penalty function approach to this form of mathematical contact problem. The additional constraint provided by the bolts is also modelled using Lagrange multipliers, providing an efficacious method of numerical analysis. Local buckling coefficients are determined for a range of bolting configurations, and these are compared with those developed elsewhere with simplifying assumptions. The interaction of the actions in bolted plates during buckling is also considered.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2008

RC 플랫 플레이트 골조는 중력저항 시스템으로 설계하고, 횡력저항 시스템인 전단벽이나 모멘트 골조를 같이 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 지진하중과 같은 횡하중은 횡력저항 시스템의 변형을 일으키며 일체로 연결된 중력저항 시스템도 예상치 않았던 횡변위가 발생하여, 접합부에서 큰 불균형 모멘트가 발행하게 된다. 따라서 횡하중에 의해 유발된 불균형모멘트의 고려가 필요하며, �躍꼭患� 파괴를 정확하게 예측할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구는 RC 플랫 플레이트 골조의 내진성능평가를 위하여 슬래브-기둥 접합부의 비선형 거동을 예측하기 위한 해석모델을 개발하였다. 해석모델의 검증을 위하여 중력전단비가 다른 2개의 2경간 플랫 플레이트 구조물의 실험결과와 해석모델의 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 개발된 해석모델은 실험체의 뚤림전단파괴 및 파괴모드를 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of various arrangement methods for forming peripheral closed hoops in the jacket section on the axial behavior of section enlargement strengthening columns. Four types of peripheral closed hoops arranged in the jacket section were prepared as follows: 1) Closed connection of prefabricated bar units (column P); 2) V-clip installation across the overlapped legs of channel-type bars (column V); 3) Use of glass fiber mesh for an alternative of steel bars (column F); and 4) combination of prefabricated bar units and glass fiber mesh (column PF). The V-clip is designed to form the closed hoops in the jacket section using the overlapped channel-type bars, preventing the opening of the channel bar legs. The glass fiber mesh is to examine the feasibility to apply for closed hoops in the jacket section as an alternative for steel bars, considering the easy construction. In the jacket section of all the strengthened columns, V-ties were arranged for supplementary ties, avoiding the interruption of the existing column. The axial stiffness and strength of the strengthened columns were insignificantly affected by the arrangement methods of closed hoops in the jacket section. The axial ductility ratio of the strengthened columns P, V, and PF was enhanced more than twice of that measured in the non-seismic existing column. However, the column F exhibited a lower ductility than the other strengthened columns because of the fracture of the mesh at the ultimate strength of the column. The V-clip approach was favorable to enhance the ductility of the strengthened column, preventing the opening of the legs of channel-type bars.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.773-791
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• 2023

Connections with damage concentrated to pre-selected components can enhance seismic resilience for moment resisting frames. These pre-selected components always yield early to dissipate energy, and their energy dissipation mechanisms vary from one to another, depending on their position in the connection, geometry configuration details, and mechanical characteristics. This paper presents behaviour insights on two types of beam-to-beam connections that the angles were designed as energy dissipation components, through the results of experimental study and finite element analysis. Firstly, an experimental programme was reviewed, and key responses concerning the working mechanism of the connections were presented, including strain distribution at the critical section, section force responses of essential components, and initial stiffness of test specimens. Subsequently, finite element models of three specimens were established to further interpret their behaviour and response that were not observable in the tests. The moment and shear force transfer paths of the composite connections were clarified through the test results and finite element analysis. It was observed that the bending moment is mainly resisted by axial forces from the components, and the dominant axial force is from the bottom angles; the shear force at the critical section is primarily taken by the slab and the components near the top flange. Lastly, based on the insights on the load transfer path of the composite connections, preliminary design recommendations are proposed. In particular, a resistance requirement, quantified by a moment capacity ratio, was placed on the connections. Design models and equations were also developed for predicting the yield moment resistance and the shear resistance of the connections. A flexible beam model was proposed to quantify the shear resistance of essential components.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2024

The study focuses on evaluating the bending creep performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) formwork in timber concrete composite (TCC) structures. Timber-framed construction is highlighted for its environmental benefits and seismic resistance, but limitations such as poor tensile strength and brittle failure in bending hinder its use in high-rise buildings. Wood-concrete hybrid structures, particularly those using reinforced concrete slabs with TCC floors, emerge as a potential solution. The research aims to understand the time-dependent behavior of TCC components, considering factors like wood and concrete shrinkage and connection creep. The experiment was conducted in western Japan on the TCC floor designed for use in the Kama-city Inatsuki-higashi compulsory education school. The LVL formwork, measuring 9,000 mm by 900 mm, and concrete is loaded onto it for testing. The creep test periods are examined using concrete loading. It employs a comprehensive creep analysis, adhering to Japanese standards, involving deflection measurements and regression analysis to estimate the creep coefficient. Results indicate substantial deformation after shoring removal, suggesting potential reinforcement needs. The study recommends extending test periods for improved accuracy and recognizing regional climate impacts. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the potential of LVL formwork in TCC structures, emphasizing safety considerations and paving the way for further experimentation under varied conditions to validate structural integrity.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 1900mm급의 춤이 깊은 콘크리트 채움 U형 메가 합성보의 합성보통모멘트골조에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다. 대형 합성보의 실물대 내진성능실험에 대한 현실적 제약으로 인하여 작은 규모의 실험체에 대해 수행된 기존 실험결과의 분석과 수치해석연구의 보완을 통해 연구를 수행하였다. 이러한 형태의 합성보는 부모멘트 작용시의 웨브국부좌굴이 가장 중요하므로 선행 실물대 실험결과로부터 웨브의 판폭두께비와 층간변형능력 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 25mm 두께의 U형 강재단면을 지닌 1900mm급의 대형 합성보라 하더라도 층간변위각 2% 이후 웨브국부좌굴을 경험하고 3% 이후 최대변형에 도달하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 합성보통모멘트골조의 요구조건을 상회하는 것으로 AISC 기준에 따른 웨브 판폭두께비 제한이 본 연구의 U형 단면에는 보수적임을 시사하기도 한다. 유한요소해석을 통해서는 합성보의 휨성능 및 웨브국부좌굴에 대한 수평스티프너의 영향을 분석하였다. 대형 합성보는 스티프너 보강과 관련없이 부모멘트 방향으로 공칭소성모멘트 이상의 휨성능을 발휘하였으며, 스티프너를 보강할 경우에는 웨브국부좌굴이 상당히 지연되는 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 이상의 실험결과 분석 및 해석연구에 의하면 1900mm급의 춤이 깊은 콘크리트 채움 U형 메가 합성보는 합성보통모멘트골조에 보수적으로 적용가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

The proper operation and safety management of water and wastewater treatment systems are essential for providing stable water service to the public. However, various natural disasters including floods, large storms, volcano eruptions and earthquakes threaten public water services by causing serious damage to water and wastewater treatment plants and pipeline systems. Korea is known as a country that is relatively safe from earthquakes, but the recent increase in the frequency of earthquakes has increased the need for a proper earthquake management system. Interest in research and the establishment of legal regulations has increased, especially since the large earthquake in Gyeongju in 2016. Currently, earthquakes in Korea are managed by legal regulations and guidelines integrated with other disasters such as floods and large storms. The legal system has long been controlled and relatively well managed, but technical research has made limited progress since it was considered in the past that Korea is safe from earthquake damage. Various technologies, including seismic design and earthquake forecasting, are required to minimize possible damages from earthquakes, so proper research is essential. This paper reviews the current state of technology development and legal management systems to prevent damages and restore water and wastewater treatment systems after earthquakes in Korea and other countries. High technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles, wireless networks and real-time monitoring systems are already being applied to water and wastewater treatment processes, and to further establish the optimal system for earthquake response in water and wastewater treatment facilities, continuous research in connection with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, including information and communications technologies, is essential.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 공장에서 L형강을 이용하여 선조립한 NRC 보와 NRC 기둥을 현장에서 볼트 조립하는 NRC 보-기둥접합부 상세를 개발하였다. 개발된 접합부 상세는 NRC-J형과 NRC-JD형이다. NRC-J형은 NRC 기둥 측면의 강재 플레이트와 NRC 보의 엔드플레이트의 측면과 하부면에 TS볼트로 인장접합하는 방식이다. NRC-JD형은 전단에 대해서 NRC 보와 NRC 기둥의 측면을 고력볼트접합하고, 휨에 대해서 접합부를 관통하는 철근연결재와 보의 보강재를 겹침이음하도록하는 강접합 방식이다. 접합부 내진성능평가를 위하여, 두 가지 NRC 보-기둥 접합부 상세를 가지는 NRC-J 실험체, NRC-JD 실험체와 RC 보-기둥 접합부 상세를 가지는 RC-J 실험체 등 3개의 실험체를 제작하였다. 반복횡하중가력 실험결과, 모든 실험체의 최종 파괴형상은 보-기둥 접합면에서 보의 휨파괴로 나타났다. 정가력에 의한 실험체 최대내력은 RC-J 실험체에 비하여 NRC-J 실험체와 NRC-JD 실험체가 각각 10.1%, 29.6% 크게 나타났다. 두가지 NRC 접합부 상세 모두 KDS 기준(KDS 41 3100)의 합성중간모멘트골조 모멘트접합부에서 요구되는 최소 총층간변위각 0.03 rad 이상의 연성능력을 확보는 것으로 평가되었다. 부재각 5.7%에서 NRC-J실험체, NRC-JD 실험체가 RC실험체에 비해 약 34.8%, 61.1% 큰 누적 에너지 소산능력을 보유하고 있었다. NRC 보-기둥 접합부의 실험내력이 KDS 기준식에 의한 이론내력에 비하여 30%~53% 큰 것으로 평가되어, 기준식이 보유성능을 안전측으로 평가하였다.