• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Due to the fact that Bingöl province is at the intersection of the North Anatolian Fault and the Eastern Anatolian Fault, the seismicity of the region is important. In this study, probabilistic seismic hazard analyzes (PSHA) were conducted to cover the boundaries of Bingöl province. It occurred since 1900, the seismicity of the region was obtained statistically by considering the earthquake records with a magnitude greater than 4 and the Gutenberg-Richter correlation. In the study, magnitude-frequency relationship, seismic hazard and repetition periods were obtained for certain time periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 years). Once a project area determined in this study, which may affect the peak ground acceleration according to various attenuation relationships are calculated and using the Turkey Earthquake Hazard Map, average acceleration value for Bingöl province were determined. As a result of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the project earthquakes with a probability of exceeding 50 years indicate that the magnitude of the project earthquake is 7.4 and that the province is in a risky area in terms of seismicity. The repetition periods of earthquakes of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5 are 42, 105, 266 and 670 years respectively. Within the province of Bingöl; the probability of exceeding 50 years is 2%, 10% and 50%, while the peak ground acceleration values are 1.03 g, 0.58 g and 0.24 g. As a result, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis shows that the seismicity of the region is high and the importance of considering the earthquake effect during construction is emphasized for this region.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2018

국내 원전부지 지진재해도 평가 경험을 바탕으로 향후 지진재해도 평가 시 보다 정량적인 평가를 위하여 고려하여야 할 사항에 대하여 점검하였다. 지진재해도 평가 방법을 양분하는 것으로 알려진 결정론적 방법과 확률론적 방법에 대하여 간단히 소개하였으며, 대부분의 후속 논의는 확률론적 지진재해도 평가에 집중하였다. 이 평가를 국내 원전부지에 적용한 과거 사례를 토대로 제기된 불확실성의 원인을 추적하였다. 확률론적 지진재해도 평가의 고려사항으로 전문가의 역할, 대표지진목록 작성, 지진원 설정, 지진-지반운동 관계식 개발 및 지진재해도 평가 절차에 대하여 토의하였다. 각 주제별로 불확실성을 증가시키는 요인을 분석하고 국내 환경에 적합한 해결 방안을 토의하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2009

지진계수는 지진재해도 함께 지표면에서의 설계응답스펙트럼을 생성하는데 사용된다. 지진계수는 일반적으로 결정론적인 방법으로 도출되는 반면 지진재해도는 확률론적으로 계산되어 이들은 혼용될 수 없으나, 국내외 내진설계기준에서는 이들을 명확한 근거없이 혼용하고 있다. 이와 같은 근본적인 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 기존의 지진재해분석과 암반노두에서는 동일한 결과를 재현하되 지반응답해석 기능을 추가하여 토층에서의 부지증폭현상을 고려한 확률론적인 지진계수를 도출할 수 있는 신(新) 지진재해분석 기법을 적용하였다. 신(新) 지진재해분석 기법의 또다른 장점은 지반의 불확실성과 임의성을 합리적으로 고려할 수 있다는 점이다. 본 연구에서 계산된 확률론적 지진계수는 내진설계기준(II)과 국내에서 제안된 지진계수 세트들과 비교하여 차이점을 분석하였다. 비교 결과, 내진설계기준(II)과는 현격한 차이가 있는 반면, 또다른 지진계수와는 일부 지반분류에서만 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.64-71
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• 1999

Seismicity of the Korean Peninsula shows intraplate seismicity that has irregular pattern in both time and space. Seismic data of the Korean peninsula consists of historical earthquakes and instrumental earthquakes. In this study we devide these data into complete part and incomplete part and considering earthquake size uncertainty estimate seismic hazard parameters - activity rate λ, b value of Gutenberg-Richter relation and maximum possible earthquake IMAX by statistical method in each major tectonic provinces. These estimated values are expected to be important input parameters in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and evaluation of design earthquake.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2001

The science and technology of seismic hazard mitigation are increasingly being shared among scientists and policy makers around the world. Administrative expertise is also being shared. While there is still tremendous unevenness in technical and administrative capacities and resources, a global community of emergency managers is developing and there is a globalization of expertise. Hazards are better understood, tools for risk assessment are improving, techniques for hazard mitigation are being perfected, and communities and states are implementing more comprehensive disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. Priorities are also emerging and hazard mitigation has emerged as the priority of choice in North America and Europe. An increasingly important component of hazard mitigation is resilience, in terms of increased capacities for disaster mitigation and recovery at the community and even individual levels. Each year, more is known about the locations and natures of seismic hazards, although there are still unknown and poorly understood fault lines and limited understanding of related disasters such as tsunamis and landslides. More is known about the impact of earthquakes on the built environment, although nature still provides surprises to confound man's best extorts to reduce risk. More is known about human nature and how people respond to uncertain risk and when confronted by certain catastrophe. However, despite the increased understanding of seismic phenomena and how to protect people and property, there is much that needs to be done to reduce the risk, particularly in major metropolitan areas.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2023

As a result of active geological investigation of faults in Korea, many Quaternary faults have been identified and some of them were judged to have potential to generate earthquakes. Those faults need to be considered as additional seismic sources in the seismic hazard analysis. When a fault is introduced as a new source, the earthquakes generated by the fault should be removed from the area sources that include any part of the fault, to avoid double counting. In practice, however, double counting cannot completely be avoided as the complete separation of the fault-generated earthquakes from the area sources is impossible due to uncertainties related to the earthquake location, subsurface structures of faults, etc. When a new fault source is introduced, the only constraint is the invariance of earthquake frequency. The maximum earthquake and the Richter-b value should also be subject to change, but there are no competent approaches to estimate the change due to incomplete separation of earthquakes. To gain insight into the effect of a new fault source, an example calculation of the seismic hazard were carried out. The example calculation shows that addition of a new fault source centers seismic hazard around the fault source.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.527-542
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• 2020

In traditional eccentrically braced steel frames, damages and plastic deformations are limited to the links and the main structure members are required tremendous sizes to ensure elasticity with no damage based on the force-based seismic design method, this limits the practical application of the structure. The high strength steel frames with eccentric braces refer to Q345 (the nominal yield strength is 345 MPa) steel used for links, and Q460 steel utilized for columns and beams in the eccentrically brace steel frames, the application of high strength steels not only brings out better economy and higher strength, but also wider application prospects in seismic fortification zone. Here, the structures with four type eccentric braces are chosen, including K-type, Y-type, D-type and V-type. These four types EBFs have various performances, such as stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility and failure mode. To evaluate the seismic behavior of the high strength steel frames with variable eccentric braces within the similar performance objectives, four types EBFs with 4-storey, 8-storey, 12-storey and 16-storey were designed by performance-based seismic design method. The nonlinear static behavior by pushover analysis and dynamic performance by time history analysis in the SAP2000 software was applied. A total of 11 ground motion records are adopted in the time history analysis. Ground motions representing three seismic hazards: first, elastic behavior in low earthquake hazard level for immediate occupancy, second, inelastic behavior of links in moderate earthquake hazard level for rapid repair, and third, inelastic behavior of the whole structure in very high earthquake hazard level for collapse prevention. The analyses results indicated that all structures have similar failure mode and seismic performance.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

확률론적인 지진재해분석(PSHA)은 지진원, 전파경로, 부지효과의 불확실성을 고려하여 특정 기간내에 특정 크기를 초과하는 지진동이 부지에 발생할 확률을 결정하는 방법이다. PSHA은 전세계적으로 미래 발생할 지진동을 정량화하기 위하여 가장 널리 사용되는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 PSHA와 동일한 결과를 계산하지만, 유한기간내에 발생하는 지진 시나리오와 이에 상응하는 지진파기록을 생성하는 신(新) PSHA 기법의 국내 적용성을 평가하였다. 신(新) PSHA으로 40,000년에 상응하는 가상의 지진기록을 생성하여 총 16,378개의 지진 시나리오를 생성하였으며 이를 사용하여 지진재해도를 생성한 결과, 신(新) PSHA은 상당히 정확하게 기존의 PSHA 결과를 재현할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신(新) PSHA은 자체적으로 의미가 있다기 보다는 이의 결과를 통하여 궁극적으로 확률론적인 지진재해분석을 수행할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 생성된 지진기록은 동반논문에서 확률론적인 지진계수를 생성하는데 활용되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

구조물의 지진취약도 분석을 위해서는 평가용 지반응답스펙트럼의 선택이 중요한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 설계응답스펙트럼을 이용하여 평가된 전력설비에 대하여 등재해도 스펙트럼을 이용하여 취약도 변수를 치환하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법을 이용하여 기존의 전력설비를 대상으로 도출된 고신뢰도저파손확률값(HCLPF)을 비교하였으며, 최종적으로 지진재해도 곡선을 이용하여 전력설비에 대한 정량적 지진위험도를 도출하였다. 결과적으로 설계응답스펙트럼을 이용한 지진위험도 평가는 전력설비의 지진위험도를 보수적으로 판단할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2021

A comprehensive study on seismic performance of wood frame building in hilly regions is presented. Specifically, seismic fragility assessment of a typical wood frame building at various locations of the northeast region of India are demonstrated. A three-dimensional simplified model of the wood frame building is developed with due consideration to nonlinear behaviour of shear walls under lateral loads. In doing so, a trilinear model having improved capability to capture the force-deformation behaviour of shear walls including the strength degradation at higher deformations is proposed. The improved capability of the proposed model to capture the force-deformation behaviour of shear wall is validated by comparing with the existing experimental results. The structural demand values are obtained from nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) of the three-dimensional wood frame model considering the effect of uncertainty due to record to record variation of ground motions and structural parameters as well. The ground motion bins necessary for NLTHA are prepared based on the identified hazard level from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of the considered locations. The maximum likelihood estimates of the lognormal fragility parameters are obtained from the observed failure cases and the seismic fragilities corresponding to different locations are estimated accordingly. The results of the numerical study show that the wood frame constructions commonly found in the region are likely to suffer minor cracking or damage in the shear walls under the earthquake occurrence corresponding to the estimated seismic hazard level; however, poses negligible risk against complete collapse of such structures.