• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

Demand for the domestic hairy vetch seed production will be increased with the increasing interest of environment-friendly agriculture in Korea. This study was conducted during from 2000 fall to 2003 spring at upland field of National Institute of Crop Science in Suwon, Korea to compare wheat and triticale (TC) as stake crop of hairy vetch (HV), and to know proper seeding rates and ratios between TC and HV for the maximum HV seed production. As supporting crop of HV, TC was superior to wheat at the points of higher HV seed yield, stronger TC stalk for supporting, consistence of ripening stage of two seeds. In seeding method, row seeding was superior to broadcast seeding at the points of less lodging and higher HV seed yield. HV seed yield decreased with the increase of TC seeding rate in mixture cropping (row seeding), particularly at TC seeding rates over 5kg/10a. HV seed yield increased with the increase of HV seeding rate at the condition of TC seeding rates under 5kg/10a in spite of higher lodging of mixed crops at higher HV seeding rate due to higher HV aboveground dry matter. Maximum HV seed yield was obtained at TC seeding rate of $1\~1.5kg/10a$ as indicating HV seed yield 176kg/l0a (CV. Madison) at seeding rate of TC 1kg/10a + HV 2 kg/10a in 2001, and HV seed yield 96kg/10a (CV. Common) at seeding rate of TC 1.5kg/10a + HV 4.5kg/10a in 2003. Use of all-purpose combine harvester for harvesting and appliance for separation of mixed seeds using centrifugal force, which are prerequisite for HV seed production, was excellent in the simultaneous seeds production system of HV and TC.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was grown at five seeding rates (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) from March 31 to September 21, 1998 at Cheju to determine influence of seeding rate on agronomic characters, and forage yield and quality. Days to flowering increased from 126 to 129 days as seeding rate increased from 10 to 50 kg/ha. The plant height increased from 86 to 99 cm as seeding rate was increased from 10 to 30 kg/hac and then decreased to 93 cm at a rate of 50 kglha. With increasing seeding rate, stem diameter quadratically decreased and the number of branches and green leaves per plant linearly decreased but the number of withering leaves per plant linearly increased. As seeding rate increased &om 10 to 30 kg/ha, fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield increased 'from 30.7 to 49.1, 7.5 to 12.2, 0.90 to 1.57 and 4.09 to 7.09 MTha, respectively, and then decreased with further increased seeding rates. Crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN wntent increased 12.1 to 14.2% 2.2 to 2.9%, 35.1 to 39.2%, 54.8 to 60.3% respectively, but crude fiber wntent decreased 39.8 .to 33.3% and crude ash declined 4.9 to 3.8% as seeding rate increased from 10 to 50 kgiha. The optimum seeding rate to obtain the highest TDN yield was estimated to be 36kglha. (Key words : Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Seeding rate, Forage yield, Forage quality)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 1999

In rice-barley cropping systems, efficient utilization of barley straw is essential, both to improve the soil fertility and to conserve the environment. In order to identify the effects of barley straw mulch rates in rice cultivation, a rice cultivar, 'Gancheogbyeo', was directly seeded on a no-tillage field synchronized with barley harvesting with five barley straw mulch rates, i.e., 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ and agronomic characters of rice and soil nitrogen were determined. The increasing of barley straw mulch rates. Dominant weed species, chestnut, occurred in large amounts in no mulching or lower mulch rates than in higher mulch rates. The content of N $H_4$$_{＋}$-N in soil applied with high barley straw mulch rates was lower during the month after seeding, and then it was higher at heading date, compared with lower mulch rates or no mulch plot. As the barley straw rate increased, maximum tillering stage was delayed, and plant height was reduced. Although the lodging of rice plants was seldom observed in all plots, the breaking strength of the culm was significantly higher in the mulch rate of 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ . With an increase of barley straw mulch rate, the effective tillering rate and spikelet number $m^{-2}$ decreased while ripened grain ratio increased. The rice grain yield was slightly decreased with an increase of barley straw mulch rate, although significant differences were not found all barley straw mulch rates. These results suggest that there is no significant yield loss although the total barley straw production, approximately 5.0 ton h $a^{-l}$ in the present study, apply in the paddy for the following rice cultivation by no-tillage direct seeding.ect seeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

This study was conducted for 2 years at Chinju region to establish suitable seeding rate and fertilizing levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in spring-sown Jinyangbori. Heading and maturing were delayed by increasing fertilizers, especially nitrogen. Number of spikes per were secured by much seeding and increased application of nitrogen. One thousand grain weight reduced with increasing fertilization at any seeding rate. Relatively high harvest indices were observed with 12-10-4 at 10kg. 10a$^{-l}$ seeds planted, followed by 6-10-8 at 15 kgㆍ 10a$^{-1}$, and 6-10-4kgㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ at 20kg ㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ of N-P-K fertilizing combinations, respectively. There was no distinct differences on yield for various seeding rates in spring-sown barley. When seeding rate increased up to 15kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$, the positive effect of fertilizers was recognized as the function of balanced-application. It was possible to recommend 10kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as seeding rate and 6-5-4(N-P-K)kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as fertilizing combination in spring-time seeding considering low input and sustainable agriculture. There was no significant difference of protein content in grain by seeding rate. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced protein content in grain.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

seeding rates(1.5,2.0,3.0 and 3.5$\ell$/10a). There were no differences in the yield components such as length of stem and ear diameter of stem number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem between the seeding methods with drilling and broadcasting, but yield components such as length of stem and ear, diameter of stem, number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem increased with seeding rates of from 2.5$\ell$ /10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a. Therefore potimum rates and methods of sowing were from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a with seeding at the drilling and broadcasting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation of survival rates of seedling plants under grown orchardgrass populations and control by the difference cutting frequency. The orchardgrass populations investigated in this study have passed for 10 years after establishment. Cutting frequencies were 3, 4 and 5 times in a year. This experiment was conducted from April to October, 1989 at the experimental field of Institute of Agricultural Development, Yonsei University. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The survival rates of seedling plants decreased by the days after sowing. The final survival rates of seedling plants were 7.8%, 38.9% and 33.8% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 2. Relative light intensity indicated highly possitive correlation with relative survival rates of seedling plants and negative correlation with plant length of orchardgrass populations in 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. The frequency distribution of survival seedling plants at 177 days after sowing were showed high values in seeding spots near the adjacent plants of 3 cutings, but in the middle of seeding spots between adjacent plants of 4 .and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. The plant length of seedling became longer towards the seeding spots near the adjacent plants but the number of tillers increased slightly up to the middle of seeding spots between adjacent plants in all cutting frequencies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 1984

Finding the variations of principal agronomic traits, fourteen malting barley cultivars were tested with both narrow-spaced row seeding and broadcasting on high ridge respectively. The seeding rates were varied as 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 liter per 10a in the narrow-spaced row seeding and 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 litre in the broad casting on his ridge respectively. As a result of the test, there were highly significant differences in variation pattern of assessed traits among cultivars. However, the additional seeding rates in both seeding methods caused the drifts of earlier heading and maturity, longer in culm length, linear increase in number of spike and yields per unit area, slight reduction in 1000 grain weight, and slight increase in one litre weight, but no changes in number of grain per spike.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 1990

An experiment was carried out ot determine the effects of seeding rates and seedbed preparations on the establishment and yield of surface-sown pasture species. Establishment of orchardgrass was significantly increased by the lowest seeding rate of 20 kg/ha as compared to 30 and 40 kg/ha, but no differences were found between the seeding rates of ladino clover. Both raking and burning significantly improved the establishment of pasture species in comparison with non-treatment. There was a significant difference between the raking and burning for the establishment of orchardgrass, but no significant difference was found between the two treatments for that of ladino clover. Increasing seeding rate of pasture species did not enhance the yield of surface-sown pasture, but both the raking and non-treatment significantly increased the yield of pasture species. The results suggest that both the raking and burning can improve the establishment but increasing seeding rate over 20 kg/ha and burning may not increase the yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to find the effect of seeding rates and herbicides on the weed control, yield and crude protein of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The variety used in the present study was Pioneer 988. Two different seeding rates were 25 kg/ha and 50 kg/ha and five weed control treatments were weedy check, hand weeded check, alachlor, alachlor+simazine, and simazine of preemergence application. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Forage yield was not influenced by seeding rates. There was no significant difference between forage yield from 25 kg/ha and from 50 kg/ha of seeding rates. But weedy plots showed higher yield from the high seeding rate. Alachlor+simazine treatment showed the greatest yield among the weed control treatments. But there was no difference among the hand weeded treatment, simazine treatment, and alachlor+simazine treatment. 2. Seeding rates did not affect weed yield, but weedy plots showed the tendancy toward higher weed yield from the low seeding rate. Alachlor+simazing preemergence application showed the most effective weed control. But there was no significant difference in weed yield among the treatments of the hand weeded, alachlor+simazine and simazine. The weed yield in alachlor treatment was significantly higher than other three treatments. 3. The height of plant was shortest on the weedy plots and the longest height was obtained from the alachlor+simazine application. But in the first harvest the height was reduced by herbicides. Seeding rates did not affect the plant height. But the height was slightly taller under the low seeding rate than under the high seeding rate. 4. The percent crude protein of the forage did not affected by two seeding rates. Simazine treatments increased the percent crude protein and total crude protein yield. Simazine and alachlor+simazine application showed the significantly higher percent crude protein than hand weeded and alachlor treatments. Simazine increased the percent crude protein without reduction of forage yield. 5. Whereas the number of original stand was greater in the high seeding rate, the number of tillers per stand was higher in the low seeding rate. Weed reduced the number of stands and tillers. There was no significant indifference among the weed control treatments. It is concluded from above results that when sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are broadcasted for forage, 25 kg/ha rate of seeding is appropriate and alachlor+simazine treatment is most effective on weed control, maximum forage yield, and high percent crude protein.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield. carbohydrate reserves in stubble and stand reduction of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bie%r (L.) Moench) in 1983 on the Experimental Livestock Farm, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University in Suwon. The results of this experiment are summarized as follows: I. There was no significant difference in forage yield among three seeding rates(20, 40. and 80kgjha), but there was a significant difference(P <.0 I) in forage yield among three N fertilization levels(O, I 50. and 300kgjha). High nitrogen plot showed the highest dry matter yield. 2. Carbohydrate reserves were influenced not only by seeding rates, but also by nitrogen fertilization levels at first cut(P < .05). At second harvest, no treatments affect the carbohydrate reserves. 3. Only the seeding rates affect the stand reduction at first harvest. But the mortality was influenced by seeding rates and N fertilization levels(P < .05). The high seeding rates caused the high mortality. 4. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that the seeding rate of 40 kgjha and nitrogen fertilization of 300kgjha would be recommendable for maximum forage yield and good performance where sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are broadcasted for summer forage production.