• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

This research was initiated to investigate the revegetation characteristics under the seeding amount treatments of cool-season turfgrasses on the disturbed slope. 4 different seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses (0.0 $g/m^2$, 1.5 $g/m^2$, 3.0 $g/m^2$, 6.0 $g/m^2$) with the same seeding amounts of native woody (Rhus chinensis, Albizzia julibrissin) and herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena) were treated with 3 replications on the experimental disturbed slope. Data such as soil hardness (mm), moisture content (%), surface coverage rate (%), the number of each germinating plant and plant height were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rates. The surface coverage rates were higher in 3.0 $g/m^2$ and 6.0 $g/m^2$ plots compared to the rest two plots of cool-season turfgrasses. However, the emergence of native woody and herbaceous plants was relatively low in 3.0 $g/m^2$ and 6.0 $g/m^2$ plots of high seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses. This result indicated that high seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses could decrease the emergence of native woody and herbaceous plants. We concluded that 1.5 g~3.0 $g/m^2$ seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses was optimum level for the balanced emergence of cool-season turfgrasses, native woody and herbaceous plants in the viewpoint of the ecological disturbed slope revegetation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 1992

In order to reduce the problems from overlapping between rye harvest and maize seeding dates, and also to improve the growth, productivity and nutritive value of rye (Secale cereale L.), an experiment was carried out to determine the variety effect of rye on the forage production system, and seeding date effect on the yield and quality of rye. The experiment was conducted in the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1988 to May 1989. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested 14 April were 5.2 t and 4.6 t/ha with an early maturing rye variety, Winter more, but 3.1 t and 2.8 t/ha were obtained with a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. When seeding date was delayed, a significant decrease in dry matter yield was observed. ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of an early maturing rye, Winter more, harvested 14 April were 25.6, 44.8 and 81.9 %, but those of a late maturing rye, Kodiak, were 21.1, 39.5 and 88.9 %, respectively. ADF and NDF contents of rye were increased as the seeding date was delayed, but ail forage ryes from different seeding dates as well as varieties were recorded as the 1st grade proposed by market hay grades. The dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields of rye harvested at 80 %heading stage were significantly decreased as delayed seeding date, but no significant differences were found between early and late maturing varieties. No differences in ADF and NDF contents, and IVDMD of the rye harvested at 80% heading stage were found among the treatments, but all forage ryes were evaluated as the 4 th grade proposed by market hay grades.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of 3-year-old ginseng (for Samgyetang product) cultured by various seeding density in direct-sowing culture. Ginsengs were cultured by the seeding density, 275, 300, 330 352 and 396 seeds per Kan, $180{\times}90cm$ area. Survived rate (82.1%) were the highest in plot of 352 seeds sowed, length and leaf width were high in plot of 300 and 352 seeds. Root yield grain was increased with increase of the seeding density in direct-sowing culture except 352 seeds sowed. Average root weight and diameter were the highest in plot of 352 seeds sowed, 31.6 g and 18.4 mm, respectively. Crude saponin and each ginsenosides content were the highest in plot of 275 seeds sowed. Rg1 content was decreased, Rc and Rb2 content were increased with increase of the seeding density. Total soluble sugar content was the highest in plot of 330 seeds sowed and the lowest in plot of 396 seeds sowed, and oligo- and disaccaride content were high in plot of 330 and 352 seeds sowed. Reological characteristics of ginsengs cultivated according to various seeding density, hardness and springness were high and maximum fracture force was low with decrease of the seeding quantity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the seeding and harvesting dates on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and quality of com for silage in alpine area(altitude 800m a.s.l.) of National Livestock Research Institute from 2001 to 2002. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of three seeding dates, 10 May, 20 May and 30 May. Sub plots consisted of harvesting dates, 15 September, 25 September and 5 October. Tassel height of com was decreased with seeding dates, 30 May, 10 May and 20 May in order, and harvesting date of 5 October was apt to be high. Ear height of com was decreased with seeding dates, 20 May, 30 May, and 10 May in order, and harvesting date of 15 September was the lowest of all treatments. Ear rate of com was decreased with late seeding dates, and it was the highest with harvesting date of 5 October. Dry matter yield was decreased with late seeding dates(P<0.05), and it was increased with late harvesting regardless of seeding dates(P<0.05). Crude protein content of com stover was increased with late seeding dates, and that of com ear was the highest with seeding date of 20 May. And crude protein contents of com stover and ear were the highest with harvesting date of 15 September. NDF contents of com stover and ear were the highest with seeding date of 10 May and 20 May, respectively, and NDF content of com stover was the highest with seeding date of 10 May and there was no difference among treatments in NDF content of ear. ADF content of com stover was 42.1 to 42.6% regardless of seeding dates, and that of com ear was the highest with seeding date of 30 May. ADF content of com stover and ear was increased with early harvesting date excepting for harvesting date of 20 May. These results indicate that 20 May and 25 September would be the optimum seeding date and harvesting date, respectively, for dry matter yield and nutritive value of silage com in alpine area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of sprout length, burried depth of seed and CaO$_2$ seed coating on emergence, seedling stand and early growth of rice in puddled-soil drill seeding at Junbuk in 1995. The cultivar tested was Dongjinbyeo(Japonica type). Although the longer sprouted seeds were caused the better seedling stand, 4mm sprout length of seeds appeared to be appropriate for good seedling stand and seeding uniformity, while 6mm sprouted seed resulted in ununiform seedling establishment. Rapid emergence and increased seedling stand were obtained by CaO$_2$ seed coating, which had effect more on soaked seed than on sprouted seed, but the seedling stand of sprouted seeds significantly reduced at deeper than 1cm seeding depth and also emergence rate of sprouted seeds significantly reduced at deeper than 2cm seeding depth.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.827-835
• /
• 1998

Blanket Copper films were chemically vapor deposited on six kinds for substrates for scrutinizing the change of characteristics induced by the difference of substrates and seeding layers. Both TiN/Si and {{{{ { SiO}_{2 } }}/Si wafers were used as-recevied and with the Cu-seeding layers of 40${\AA}$ and 160${\AA}$ which were produced by sputtering The CVD processes were exectued at the deposition temperatures between 130$^{\circ}C$ and 260$^{\circ}C$ us-ing (hfc)Cu(VTMS) as a precursor. The deposition rate of 40$^{\circ}C$ Cu-seeded substrates was higher than that of other substrates and especially in seeded {{{{ { SiO}_{2 } }}/Si substrate because of the incubation period reducing in-duced by seeding layer at the same deposition time and temperature. The resistivity of 160${\AA}$ Cu seeded substrate was lower then that of 40 ${\AA}$ because the nucleation and growth behavior in Cu-island is different from the behavior in {{{{ { SiO}_{2 } }} substrate due to the dielectricity of {{{{ { SiO}_{2 } }}.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.899-914
• /
• 2023

Various seeding materials for cloud seeding are being used, and sodium chloride powder is one of them, which is commonly used. This study analyzed the experimental results of multi-aircraft cloud seeding in connection with Republic of Korea Air Force (CN235) and KMA/NIMS(Korea Meteorological Administration/National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) Atmospheric Research Aircraft. Powdered sodium chloride was used in CN235 for the first time in South Korea. The analysis of the cloud particle size distributions and radar reflectivity before and after cloud seeding showed that the growth efficiency of powdery seeding material in the cloud is slightly higher than that of hygroscopic flare composition in the distribution of number concentrations by cloud aerosol particle diameter (10 ~ 1000 ㎛). Considering the radar reflectivity, precipitation, and numerical model simulation, the enhanced precipitation due to cloud seeding was calculated to be a maximum of 3.7 mm for 6 hours. The simulated seeding effect area was about 3,695 km², which corresponds to 13,634,550 tons of water. In the precipitation component analysis, as a direct verification method, the ion equivalent concentrations (Na⁺, Cl^-, Ca²⁺) of the seeding material at the Bukgangneung site were found to be about 1000 times higher than those of other non-affected areas between about 1 and 2 hours after seeding. This study suggests the possibility of continuous multi-aircraft cloud seeding experiments to accumulate and increase the amount of precipitation enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of seeding date on the growth and yield of Cynanchum wilfordii. Hemsley emergence date was May 16 with seeding on March 20 and was June 4 with seeding on April 30, and required days to emergence was shortened as seeding date was delayed. Vine length was longer about 5cm with seeding on March 30 than that of seeding on march 20 and no. of leaves was small about 5 to 16 as seeding date was delayed. Root length was longer about 0. 9cm to 1. 8cm as seeding date was delayed than that of seeding on March 20, but no. of roots had no differences among seeding dates. Yield of root was more increased 18% with seeding on March 30, 10% with seeding on April 10 and April 20 than 207kg/10a with seeding on March 20. As the results of regression analysis, the optimum seeding date of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley was considered April 6 in plain area of central inland.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 1981

Effect of the seeding rate and nursery period on the growth and characteristics of seedling suitable for rice transplanter was analyzed and the following results were obtained. The optimum seeding rate were about 100 to 150g in the 30 day old seedling, and 150g per nursery box in the 25day old seedling, respectively, as having adequate leaf number, plant height, dry weight, hardiness and crop growth rate for transplanting. Excessively low and high seeding rate resulted in excessive aging and weakness of the seedling at the later growth stages.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Pulse crop damage due to wild birds is a serious problem, to the extent that the rate of damage during the period of time between seeding and the stage of cotyledon reaches 45.4% on average. This study investigated a method of fundamentally blocking birds from eating crops by conducting vinyl mulching after seeding and identifying the growing locations for beans to perform punching. Methods: Infrared (IR) sensors that could measure the temperature without contact were used to recognize the locations of soybean cotyledons below vinyl mulch. To expand the measurable range, 10 IR sensors were arranged in a linear array. A sliding mechanical device was used to reconstruct the two-dimensional spatial variance information of targets. Spatial interpolation was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution information measured in real time to improve the resolution of the bean coleoptile locations. The temperature distributions above the vinyl mulch for five species of soybeans over a period of six days from the appearance of the cotyledon stage were analyzed. Results: During the experimental period, cases where bean cotyledons did and did not come into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch were both observed, and depended on the degree of growth of the bean cotyledons. Although the locations of bean cotyledons could be estimated through temperature distribution analyses in cases where they came into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch, this estimation showed somewhat large errors according to the time that had passed after the cotyledon stage. The detection results were similar for similar types of crops. Thus, this method could be applied to crops with similar growth patterns. According to the results of 360 experiments that were conducted (five species of bean ${\times}$ six days ${\times}$ four speed levels ${\times}$ three repetitions), the location detection performance had an accuracy of 36.9%, and the range of location errors was 0-4.9 cm (RMSE = 3.1 cm). During a period of 3-5 days after the cotyledon stage, the location detection performance had an accuracy of 59% (RMSE = 3.9 cm). Conclusions: In the present study, to fundamentally solve the problem of damage to beans from birds in the early stage after seeding, a working method was proposed in which punching is carried out after seeding, thereby breaking away from the existing method in which seeding is carried out after punching. Methods for the accurate detection of soybean growing locations were studied to allow punching to promote the continuous growth of soybeans that had reached the cotyledon stage. Through experiments using multiple IR sensors and a sliding mechanical device, it was found that the locations of the crop could be partially identified 3-5 days after reaching the cotyledon stage regardless of the kind of pulse crop. It can be concluded that additional studies of robust detection methods considering environmental factors and factors for crop growth are necessary.