• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.248-251
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• 2003

To find ideal leaf types for soybean breeding program, we examined the relationships among leaf anatomical and morphological characteristics and $\textrm{CO}_2$ assimilation on the different leaflet shape of soybean (Glycine max). In anatomical characters of leaf, palisade and spongy cells were thicker in both small seed cultivars with narrow leaflet and large seed cultivars with wide leaflet than others. $\textrm{CO}_2$ uptake per plant and leaf thickness were significantly associated with seed yield per plant, showing difference among the soybean cultivars. Although the leaf area was lower for narrow leaflet cultivars, which had a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per plant comparable to the wide leaflet cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about $17.0\;mm{\times}4.0\;mm$ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0mm at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

Seedling mechanization of lettuce is known to be difficult due to the small seed size and the irregular seed shape. The purpose of seed pelleting is to make seedling mechanization possible by enlarging the seed size. After that, it can reduce seedling and thinning labours and can also save seeds. According to the results, there were significant differences on the percent germination and day to 50% final germination in accordance with the pelleting polymer. Among the pelleting polymer, gemination of seeds using polynimyl alcohol (PVA) was generally smooth, and followed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl cellulose (MC), and wteen 80. The germination rate was also different according to the pelleting particulate matters. Generally, percent germination and speed of seed using the mixture of diatomaceous earth, talc and calcium carbonate were higher and faster than using other polleting materials, respectively. Thus, it should be suitable pelleting particulate matter for the pelleting of lettuce seeds. On the other hands germination of seeds using limestone, calcium oxide and benonite were low. The seed size of lettuce after pelleting was 33 times as large as the raw seed size. During the process of seed pelleting, netrient addition induced the decrement on the germination and the delay of germination speed. Also, there was differences in the germinability of pelleted seeds in accordance with the addition of nutrient sources. MS medium was generally lower than monosodium phosphate in inhibition of seed germination. Germination of pelleted seeds after priming was higher than the seeds without the treatment, and also showed the trend of early germination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.12-17
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• 1995

The purpose of this study si the development of a lathe which can cut any pistons of oval shape with high seed, accuracy and precision by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) method. Yaxis which is the position determinating mechanism with high speed response was added to the CNC lathe and the ovality and profile was cut under the control of C-Y-Z axes at same tile. In the case of ovality of $\Phi$ improved up to 2500rpm(Y axis : 83Hz) by high speed cutting than modeling method. Since a personal computer is used, it is easy to change the shape of piston and can be applied promptly to many types of piston shape by only changing data files.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.7A
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• pp.1076-1083
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• 2000

Vehicle license plate recognition identifies vehicle as a unique, and have many applications in traffic monitoring field. In this paper, a vertical edge based algorithm to extract license plate within input gray-scale image is proposed. A size-and-shape filter based on seed-filling algorithm is applied to remove the edges that are impossible to be the vertical edges of license plate. Then the remaining edges are matched with each other according to some restricted conditions so as to locate license plate in input image. After license plate is extracted. normalized and segmented, the characters on it are recognized by template matching method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can deal with license plates in normal shape effectively, as well as the license plates that are out of shape due to the angle of view.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2009

The morphological characteristics of leaves, trichomes, and acorns in 8- to 11-year-old reciprocal hybrids of Quercus dentata and Q. serrata were investigated. The reciprocal hybrids had obovate to obovateelliptic leaves that were smaller than those of Q. dentata but similar to Q. serrata in their leaf size, obtuse leaf apex, narrow-tipped leaf base, and shape of small to intermediate-sized serrations. The ray length of stellate hairs was intermediate between those of the parents, and the hairs showed dense growth. Long single hairs are present among the stellate hairs on the abaxial side of the leaves. Therefore, the hybrids of Q. dentata and Q. serrata could be identified by the size and shape of leaves, shape of serrations, and type of leaf trichomes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

Effects of growth regulators and culture conditions on seed germination, haustorium development, and callus formation of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi) were described. Histological examination showed that seed of V. album contained one or two zygotic embryos with rod shape, and actively dividing cells were mainly distributed in radicle region rather than cotyledon of zygotic embryo. The most significant factor for seed germination and haustorium development of V. album was the requirement of the light. Various growth regulators examined in this study failed to substitute the effect of the light on seed germination. The frequency of callus formation was highest at 27.3% when flower buds were cultured onto B5 medium containing $0.1\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA. Explants from other organs were recalcitrant in forming calluses. Culture conditions described in this study could be applied for production of useful metabolites and multiplication of V. album in future.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

A study was conducted to observe the variation and inheritance of agronomic traits and their interrelationship in mungbean. The objective of the study was to compare agronomic traits and hardseed percentage of 268 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from the cross between wild Vigna subspecies sublobata "ACC 41" with the mungbean cultivar "Berken". The RIL population and their parents were evaluated under controlled conditions in a glass house at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. The results showed significant differences among the RILs and among the parents in all traits under study. Berken had a longer flowering date and a higher seed weight per plant, but less total leaf number and pod number per plant than ACC 41. A germination test between papers revealed that ACC 41 was 100% hard-seeded and did not germinate at all, while Berken germinated up to 100%. Their RILs distributed well between 0 to 100% hardseed. Upon scarification, all hardseed germinated within seven days. Narrowsense heritability estimates of total leave number, hardseedness, pod length, and pod width were highly heritable at 89.9, 98.9, 93.7, and 93.2%, respectively. The heritability of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant were lower at 63.1 and 58.4%, respectively. Seed weight per plant showed positive transgressive segregation when compared with ACC 41 and a positive correlation with 100 seed weight. While the number of seeds per pod showed a negative transgressive segregation when compared with Berken and a negative correlation with pod length and pod width. The RILs gave a 1:1 segregation ratio in leaflet shape, growth habit, and growth pattern, indicating that these traits were controlled by a single dominant gene.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

Nickel (Ni) electroplating was implemented by using a metal Ni powder in order to establish a $^{63}Ni$ plating condition on the PN junction semiconductor needed for production of beta-voltaic battery. PN junction semiconductors with a Ni seed layer of 500 and $1000{\AA}$ were coated with Ni at current density from 10 to $50mA\;cm^{-2}$. The surface roughness and average grain size of Ni deposits were investigated by XRD and SEM techniques. The roughness of Ni deposit was increased as the current density was increased, and decreased as the thickness of Ni seed layer was increased. The results showed that the optimum surface shape was obtained at a current density of $10mA\;cm^{-2}$ in seed layer with thickness of $500{\AA}$, $20mA\;cm^{-2}$ of $1000{\AA}$. Also, pure Ni deposit was well coated on a PN junction semiconductor without any oxide forms. Using the line width of (111) in XRD peak, the average grain size of the Ni thick firm was measured. The results showed that the average grain size was increased as the thickness of seed layer was increased.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2014

In this study, to obtain basic data for searching potential resources as new natural fibers, we investigated morphological and classificatory characteristics of 21 weed seed fibers. According to classification keys in this study, the collected weed seed fibers could be classified into total 13 types, showing their diversity. Seven species among them belonged to BOT3 type. Two species belonged to B2N0 and DOS3 type, respectively. Many of weed seed fibers had not branched. However, three species had various branched fibers at one main fibers on the seed. Three species had various branched fibers at several main fibers on the seed. Eight species had a smooth fiber surface but 13 species had a weakly or significantly developed-corniculum on the fiber surface. In the fiber cell shape, fiber cells of eight weed species were composed of one long cell without septum. But others had a fiber cell shape composed of a bunch of several long cells. Based on the easiness of harvesting, productivity of fibers, and morphological characteristics of seed fiber, it seemed that five seed fibers (TYPLA, METJA, HEMLY, IMPCK, and EREHI) should be additionally investigated if they are practically applicable as renewable resources for new natural fibers.