• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2017

Seed priming leading to improved emergences, germination speed and uniformity under unfavorable conditions without loss of longevity are the best level of techniques. We studied the possibility to obtain primed seed with reduced mean germination time (MGT) and uniformity but with simple, fast and effective methods. The experiments were carried out at $15^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours with priming treatment. To compare the effects of each treatment, we used 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming or hydro priming or no imbibition after ultrasonication or red light treatment. The light treatment was performed by irradiating 2000 lux of red light for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Addition, in order to investigate the effect of the priming solution, treated at 200mM $CaCl_2$ for 8 hours. Ultrasonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at exposures of 13.0, 17.3, and 21.6 kHz during priming. For liquid smoke (LS) treatment, seed soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted water and 200mM $CaCl_2$ solution. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), MGT, germination index(GI), germination rate(GR), Germination Uniformity(GU) and heath seed percentage(HS). For several factors tested, we found that the desired germination improvement could be obtained by treating the seed with ultrasonication at 17.3 kHz for 5 minutes in water or red light exposure at 2000 lux for 120 min in water that resulted very similar to those used to 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming for 16 hrs. However, LS treatment showed no improvement in all diluted solution. Therefore, the methods applied ultrasonication and red light treatment showed high potential for fast and easy treatment avoiding pollution of salt solution waste.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

To offer the basic data of vegetation restoration by buried seed of soil, this research was conducted at bare land and abandoned field in Yesan-gun. Germination plants of buried seed were consisted of 40 taxa (37 species, 3 varieties) in bare land, and 41 taxa (37 species, 4 varieties) in abandoned field. Classification of germination plants by family was the most in Gramineae, and emergent frequency of plots was the highest of Digitaria ciliaris. The soil depth of the most plants appearance was 2~5cm in bare land and 5~10cm in abandoned field, and the soil depth of the most population appearance was 0~2cm both in bare land and in abandoned field. Population number of buried seed germination was decreased according to soil depth. Crepidiastrum sonchifolium was a plant that population number of buried seed germination is the most. Similarity index was 0.33 in aerial part plants and buried seed plants, and 0.55 in bare land and abandoned field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

Lipoxygenase might be associated with seed deterioration by catalyzing the incorporation of molecular oxygen into fatty acids and generating free radicals. This study was performed to determine whether seed lipoxygenase activity would alter soybean seed longevity. In this study, germination percentage of lipoxygenase-lacking cultivar Jinpumkong2 (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3) was lower than that of Taekwangkong (Lx1Lx1Lx2Lx2Lx3Lx3). Segregation ratio for the three lipoxygenase isozymes of the F2-derived from the cross between Taekwangkong and Jinpumkong2 was fitted to 9 (Lx1Lx2Lx3) : 3 (Lx1Lx2lx3) : 3 (lxllx2Lx3) : 1 (lx1lx2lx3), suggesting the tight linkage between the Lx1 and Lx2 loci. Germination percentages varied widely but not differed among lipoxygenase isozyme types of F$_3$ seeds before and after accelerated aging. Seed coat of Jinpumkong2 was damaged severely following accelerated aging, whereas that of Taekwangkong was not. Thus, seed of lipoxygenase-lacking soybean cultivar, Jinpumkong2 showed greater deterioration compared with that of the normal Taekwangkong. However, the presence or absence of lipoxygenase activity had no effect on soybean germination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.216-216
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• 2017

Primed seeds germinate faster and uniformly, since these have already started imbibition and metabolism requiring to complete germination. Several factors such as solution composition, osmotic potential, and treatment duration affect seed priming response. Water potentials of priming solution and germination response of primed seed were investigated to clarify the effects different inorganic salt types and the duration. Pepper seeds were primed in osmotic solutions that were osmotic potential ranged -1.54 to -0.45 MPa in an aerated solution of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG; 17%, 22%, 27%), and inorganic salt solution of $KNO_3$, $K_2SO_4$, and $Na_2SO_4$ (100, 200, 300mM) in aerated condition. The seeds were treated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4, 6 day (D) and stepwise duration combined concentration of 100mM (2 or 4 days) and 300mM(2 or 4days). After soaking treatment, seeds were washed with distilled water and then were dried to approximately 6% moisture content in dry chamber at $25^{\circ}C$. The germination of seed was characterized by ISAT rules at $20^{\circ}C/30^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. Total germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination uniformity (GU), germination rate (GR), and health seedling percent (HS) were calculated on the germinated seed in a 14-day period. Seed water potential (${\psi}$) was correlated with water potential of priming solution ($r^2=0.84$). The effect of seed priming on germination varies with inorganic salt and organic agents (PEG). Germination percentage (GP, 77 and 73%), GR (21.3 and $19.4 %{\cdot}day^{-1}$), and HS (58 and 52 %) was greatest and lowest MGT (4.2 and 4.8 day) when they were primed in 100mM $K_2SO_4$ (${\psi}=-0.45MPa$), and 100mM $KNO_3$ (${\psi}=-0.52MPa$) for 6 days compared to untreated control (67% GP, $19.7%{\cdot}day^{-1}\;GR$, 18% HS, and 10.8 day MGT) in $15^{\circ}C$ chamber. Water potential less then -1.2MPa of osmotic solution resulted lower GP, GR and HS and in $K_2SO_4$ and $KNO_3$. However, stepwise treatment of water potential that changed solution as 100mM for 4 D + 300mM for 2 D or 300mM for 4 D + 100mM for 2 D) were not better than single concentration alone in germination characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2017

Background: Dehisced ginseng seeds need to be stored at cold temperatures for around 3 months to break their physiological dormancy, and thus, to aid in gemination. In the presence of high moisture in such an environment, seed spoilage and pre-germination may lower seed quality and productivity. To improve seed quality during cold-stratification, the effects of seed dehydration and temperature were tested. Methods and Results: In early December, dehisced ginseng seeds were dehydrated at 4 different levels and stored at $2^{\circ}C$ $-2^{\circ}C$, and $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. Germination was carried out on the filter papers moistened with distilled water; emergence of root, shoot, and seed spoilage were assessed. Seed viability was examined by the tetrazolium test. More than 90% of the seeds stored at $2^{\circ}C$ and $-2^{\circ}C$ without drying or endocarp dehydration germinated, but seeds that were dehydrated to have a moisture content (MC) below 31% showed poor germination and lost their viability. In addition, the seeds stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ failed to show effective germination. Conclusions: Seed storage after endocarp dehydration might help to improve seed quality and increase seedling's ability to stand during the spring-sowing of ginseng.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2010

Seed germination is a biological process that is affected by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. The cardinal temperature and thermal time are required for germination. The principal objective of this study was to identify and characterize variations in the base, optimum, and maximum germination temperatures of Haloxylon aphyllum L. from two seed sources, in order to establish models for use in predicting seeding dates. Mature H. aphyllum seeds were germinated at temperatures between 5 and $35^{\circ}C$. The germination behavior of H. aphyllum seeds to different temperature regimens in light was evaluated over a temperature range of $5-35^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $5^{\circ}C$. The rate of germination increased between base and optimum thermal conditions, and decreased between optimum and maximum thermal conditions; the germination rate varied in a linear fashion at both sub-optimal and supra-optimal temperatures. The linear regression fit the range of germination rates at $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, and thus the base temperature, optimum temperature, and maximum temperature for the germination of H. aphyllum were measured to be $0.6^{\circ}C$, $25.69^{\circ}C$, $37.90^{\circ}C$, and $1.76^{\circ}C$, $21.56^{\circ}C$, $37.90^{\circ}C$ for Qom and the Fars dune desert respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

Tabulis [Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.] has the potential for becoming a useful horticultural crop. This study was conducted to classify the seed dormancy types and to identify the germination conditions that improve the horticultural usefulness of this plant. We found that A. tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. produced undifferentiated embryos and had a low germination rate of under 50%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption. Therefore, A. tabularis seeds were designated as morphologically dormant. The germination rate was highest (86.3%) at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions. Higher temperatures generally led to an acceleration of the germination process, regardless of light condition. To improve the germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators, such as $GA_3$ and kinetin, as well as minerals such as $KNO_3$ and KCl. An analysis of germination characteristics at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions revealed that treatment with 200 and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to an excellent germination rate of 97.0%. Treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to a better germination rate than the control as well. However, treatment with kinetin, $KNO_3$, and KCl had no effect on germination, regardless of concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.219-236
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• 1989

The effect of salinity on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki were studied under the controlled conditions in the growth chamber. The seeds were sorted into three classes in weight such as large ($15.49\pm$1.63mg), medium($10.61\pm$1.38mg), and small ($6.57\pm$1.33mg) to determine the role of seed weight in germination and seedling growth of the pine. Polymorphic seeds of the pine were germinated an salinity range of 0 to 1.5% NaCl under various temperature ($10^{\circ}$ $-25^{\circ}$ with $5^{\circ}$C interval of constant temperature, and $10^{\circ}$ $-20^{\circ}$C, $15^{\circ}$ $-25^{\circ}$C of alternating temperature) in order to determine their germinability and seeding growth. In control plot, there was little difference of germination percentage among the seed weight classes, but in saline plot, the larger seeds generally had a higher percentage and rate of germination. There occurred synergistic interaction between salinity and temperature in the germination and the increase of temperature enhanced germination of seeds at the same salinity level. Alternating temperature regimes of $15^{\circ}$-$25^{\circ}$C yielded maximum germination and no germination was occurred at $10^{\circ}C$. The germination at alternating temperature showed higher germination percentage than at constant temperature. The percentage and of germination decreased drastically with increased salinity level to 1.00%; no germination was occurred at 1.50% salinity level. The growth fo sddelings from larger seeds was better than that of smaller seeds at the same salinity and temperature. The hypocotyl and radicle were more sensitive than cotyledon to the increased salinity stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2009

Germination characteristics of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) seeds produced from Hanam Province, China and Milyang, Korea were investigated to give basic information on the stability of seedling establishment in the CMV cultivation. The germination percentage of the imported CMV seed from China varied according to importation year and seed collection site ranging from 79~95%. The germination of black colored seed coat was lower than the light green colored ones and germination by seed weight was not significantly different. Although the seed germination was lower under dark than in the presence of light, it was not significantly different. The germination of the imported CMV seed slightly declined to only less than 6% after one-year of storage under natural environment conditions but it significantly decreased after two years. However, when the seed was stored at the $5^{\circ}C$, the seed germination was the same as after two years of storage. On the other hand, fresh CMV seed produced in Milyang, Korea had only 8% germination due to seed coat dormancy but the germination increased to 73~85% after breaking seed dormancy after a year of storage. The high germination percentage of 72~82% was still maintained even after 27 months of seed storage unlike the CMV seed produced from China. These results indicate that CMV seeds do not require light for germination and the seed from China should be used within one-year after importation while the seeds produced from Korea can be used even after two years from harvest for stable CMV seedling establishment in the CMV-rice cropping system.