• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.239-256
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• 1997

Plants belonging to the category of 2n apomixis or agamospermy form embryos and seeds without the processes of normal meiosis and syngamy. Seeds produced in this way have identical genotype of their maternal parent. Three different types of agamospermy are recognized: diplospory, apospory, and adventitious (adventive) embryony. $F_1$ hybrid cultivars cannot be used as seed sources in the next ($F_2$) generation because this generation would be extremely variable as a result of genetic segregation. Hybrid vigor is also reduced in the $F_2$ generation. Therefore, parental stocks for hybrid seed production need to be maintained and cross must be continuously repeated. Agamospermic 2n apomixis would make it possible to fix the genotype of a superior variety so that clonal seeds faithfully representing that genotype could be continuously and cheaply produced independent of pollination. That is, $F_1$ hybrid seeds could be produced for many generations without loss of vigor or genotype alteration. Production of apomictic $F_1$ hybrid seed would be simplified because line isolation would not be necessary to produce seed or to maintain parental lines, and the use of male-sterile lines could be avoided. Overall, apomixis would enable a significant reduction in hybrid seed production costs. Additionally, the production of clonal seed is not only important for seed propagated crops, but also for the propagation of heterozygous fruit trees and timbers. Clonal seed would help avoid costly and time-consuming vegetative propagating methods that are currently used to ensure the large-scale production of these plants. Apomixis is scattered throughout the plant kingdom, but few important agricultural crops possess this trait Therefore, most research to date has centered on introgressing the trait of apomixis into agricultural crops such as wheat, maize, and some forage grasses from wild distant relatives by traditional cross breeding. The classical breeding approach, however is slow and often impeded by many breeding barriers. These problems could be surmounted by taking mutagenesis or molecular approach. Arabidopsis thaliana is a tiny sexually reproducing plant and is convenient in constructing and screening in molecular researches. Male-sterile mutants of Arabidopsis are particularly suitable genetic background for mutagenesis and screening for apomictic mutants. Molecular approaches towards isolating the genes controlling the apomictic process are feasible. Direct isolation of genes conferring apomixis development would greatly facilitate the transfer of this trait to wide variety of crops. Such studies are now in progress.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2015

The specific and sensitive nested-PCR method to detect Acidovorax citrulli, a causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch on cucurbitaceae, was developed. PCR primers were designed from the draft genome sequence which was obtained with the Next Generation Sequencing of A. citrulli KACC10651, and the nested-PCR primer set (Ac-ORF 21F/Ac-ORF 21R) were selected by checking of specificity to A. citrulli with PCR assays. The selected nested-PCR primer amplified the 140 bp DNA only from A. citrulli strains, and detection sensitivity of the nested PCR increased 10,000 times of $1^{st}$ PCR detection limit (10 ng genomic DNA/PCR). The nested PCR detected A. citrulli from the all samples of seed surface wash (external seed detection) of the artificially inoculated watermelon seeds with $10^1cfu/ml$ and above population of A. citrulli while the nested PCR could not detected A. citrulli from the mashed seed suspension (internal seed detection) of the all artificially inoculated watermelon seeds. When the naturally infested watermelon seeds (10% seed infested rate with grow-out test) used, the nested PCR detected A. citrulli from 2 seed samples out of 10 replication samples externally and 5 seed samples out of 10 replication samples internally. We believe that the nested-PCR developed in this study will be useful method to detect A. citrulli from the Cucurbitaceae seeds.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2020

The black seed coat of soybeans contain anthocyanins which promote health. However, mature soybean seeds contain anti-nutritional factors like lipoxygenase, lectin and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI) proteins. Furthermore, these seeds can be used only after the genetic elimination of these proteins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop novel soybean genotypes with black seed coat and triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele) for lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins. From a cross of parent1 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, ti/ti, Le/Le) and parent2 (lx1lx2lx3/lx1lx2lx3, Ti/Ti, le/le), 132 F₂ seeds were obtained. A 3:1 segregation ratio was observed during F₂ seed generation for the inheritance of lectin and KTI proteins. Between a cross of the Le and Ti genes, the observed independent inheritance ratio in the F₂ seed generation was 9: 3 : 3 : 1 (69 Le_Ti_: 32 leleTi_: 22 Le_titi: 9 leletiti) (χ²=2.87, P=0.5 - 0.1). From nine F₂ seeds with triple recessive alleles (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype), one novel strain posessing black seed coat, and free of lipoxygenase, lectin and KTI proteins, was selected. The seed coat color of the new strain was black and the cotyledon color of the mature seed was green. The weight of 100 seeds belonging to the new strain was 35.4 g. This black soybean strain with lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3, titilele genotype is a novel strain free of lipoxygenase, lectin, and KTI proteins.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2018

Streamline generation is one of the most representative visualization methods to analyze the flow stream of fluid dynamics dataset. It is a challenging problem, however, to determine the seed locations for effective streamline visualization. Meanwhile, it needs much time to compute effective seed locations and streamlines on the massive flow dataset. In this paper, we propose not only an importance based method to determine seed locations for the effective streamline placements but also a parallel streamline visualization method on the distributed visualization system. Moreover, we introduce case studies on the real fluid dynamics dataset using GLOVE visualization system to evaluate the proposed method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1998

Seed and leaf size is the important morphological traits considered by plant breeder and is the important yield components in soybean. The objective of this research was to know the relationship between seed size and leaf size in 66 $F_2$ populations derived from half diallel mating system with 12 soybean strains, representing distinct seed and leaf size. The range of seed size for 12 parents used was 6.7 to 43.8 g/100 seed. Leaf width leaf length ranged 5.7 to 8.6 cm and 9.4 to 12.9 cm, respectively. Leaf width was highly correlated with leaf length with an R square of 0.754 in the $F_2$ generation. The $F_2$ regression` coefficient indicated that leaves were, on average 1.4 times greater length than in width . Leaf size (width) was highly correlated (r.0.91) with seed size (g/100 seed) in the $F_2$ generation with an R square of 0.833. Our results indicate postive correlation within seed and leaf size is common in $F_2$ segregating populations derived from crossing with soybean. The strong liner relationship we observed between leaf size and seed size in $F_2$ segragating population is useful in that in that indirect selection for a secondary character may be superior to direct selection for the primary character.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

A disposable password is necessary to avoid any danger by the use of a static password and reinforce the user's authentication. In order to prevent personal information from being exposed, OTP generation algorithm is regarded as important. The OTP generation algorithm we suggest in this thesis generates 256-bit-size OTP Data by using Seed value and Time value. This value that the generated OTP Data are arranged with a matrix and a 32-bit-value is extracted on an irregular basis becomes the final value. We can find out that the more OTP generation frequency we have, the lower probability of clash tolerance we get in our suggested algorithm, compared to the previous algorithm.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

This study was conducted to select new variants with different characteristics in plant height, leaf color, and petal color of plantain lily (Hosta plantaginea) and Japanese farfugium (Farfugium japonicum). After 10-30Gy ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation to seeds of both species, seed germination, variant induction, growth of variants, and survival ratios were estimated. Days required for seed germination were lengthened and % seed germination decreased as the dosage of ${\gamma}-ray$ increased over 20Gy. Lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) for plantain lily and Japanese farfugium were 30Gy and 25Gy, respectively. Plantain lily and Japanese farfugium treated by more than 20Gy ${\gamma}-ray$ showed dwarf characteristics in growth, and variations in leaf and petal colors. Total 166 variants in plantain lily were induced by ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation in a $M_1$ generation, among which 12 promising variants were selected in a $M_2$ generation. Total 57 variants of Japanese farfugium were induced by ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation in a $M_1$ generation, among which nine promising variants were selected in a $M_2$ generation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.234-237
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• 2007

Road networks are important geospatial databases for various GIS (Geographic Information System) applications. Road digital maps may contain geometric spatial errors due to human and scanning errors, but manually updating roads information is time consuming. In this paper, we developed a new road features updating methodology using from multispectral high-resolution satellite image and pre-existing vector map. The approach is based on initial seed point generation using line segment matching and a modified double snake algorithm. Firstly, we conducted line segment matching between the road vector data and the edges of image obtained by Canny operator. Then, the translated road data was used to initialize the seed points of the double snake model in order to refine the updating of road features. The double snake algorithm is composed of two open snake models which are evolving jointly to keep a parallel between them. In the proposed algorithm, a new energy term was added which behaved as a constraint. It forced the snake nodes not to be out of potential road pixels in multispectral image. The experiment was accomplished using a QuickBird pan-sharpened multispectral image and 1:5,000 digital road maps of Daejeon. We showed the feasibility of the approach by presenting results in this urban area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 1983

In Korea, Brassica species planted in summer remain in rosette and do not flower. Seed production of vernalized rape seedlings grown in summer was evaluated to establish method of generation shortening and genetically pure seed production without isolation of seed fields. When vernalized rape seedlings of different maturity groups were transplanted in summer, all plants bolted and flowered, and average days from sowing to bolting and flowering was 37 and 58. respectively. It took 85days for early maturity group, 88 days for medium maturity group, and 108 days for late maturity group to mature. Seed yield of vernalized plants grown in summer was 8.8 gr per plant and 53kg per l0a which was 23% of seed yield of rape planted in autumn. However, enough seeds were produced to test oil composition and cake and to plant for a next generation. If seedlings are raised, they can be transplanted in more than 1, 000 times of original seed field, indicating that genetically pure seed can be produced without caging seed fields with nets and isolation of seed fields since other Brassica species do not flower in summer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.9 s.339
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

As the size of circuits becomes larger, the test method needs more test data volume and larger test application time. In order to reduce test data volume and test application time, a new test data compression/decompression method is proposed. The proposed method is based on an XOR network uses don't-care-bits to improve compression ratio during seed vectors generation. After seed vectors are produced seed vectors can be merged using two prefix codes. It only requires 1 clock time for reusing merged seed vectors, so test application time can be reduced tremendously. Experimental results on large ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits prove the efficiency of the proposed method.